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1 démarrage direct
прямой пуск вращающегося электродвигателя
Пуск вращающегося электродвигателя путем непосредственного подключения его к питающей сети.
[ ГОСТ 27471-87]EN
direct-on-line starting
across-the-line starting (US)
the process of starting a motor by connecting it directly to the supply at rated voltage
[IEV number 411-52-15]FR
démarrage direct
mode de démarrage d'un moteur, consistant à lui appliquer directement sa pleine tension assignée
[IEV number 411-52-15]
Рис. ABB
Схема прямого пуска электродвигателяMagnetic only circuit-breaker - Автоматический выключатель с электромагнитным расцепителем
Contactor KL - Контактор KL
Thermal relay - Тепловое реле
Параллельные тексты EN-RU
Direct-on-line starting
Direct-on-line starting, which is often abbreviated as DOL, is perhaps the most traditional system and consists in connecting the motor directly to the supply network, thus carrying out starting at full voltage.Direct-on-line starting represents the simplest and the most economical system to start a squirrel-cage asynchronous motor and it is the most used.
As represented in Figure 5, it provides the direct connection to the supply network and therefore starting is carried out at full voltage and with constant frequency, developing a high starting torque with very reduced acceleration times.
The typical applications are relevant to small power motors also with full load starting.
These advantages are linked to some problems such as, for example, the high inrush current, which - in the first instants - can reach values of about 10 to 12 times the rated current, then can decrease to about 6 to 8 times the rated current and can persist to reach the maximum torque speed.The effects of such currents can be identified with the high electro-dynamical stresses on the motor connection cables and could affect also the windings of the motor itself; besides, the high inrush torques can cause violent accelerations which stress the transmission components (belts and joints) generating distribution problems with a reduction in the mechanical life of these elements.
Finally, also the possible electrical problems due to voltage drops on the supply line of the motor or of the connected equipment must be taken into consideration.
[ABB]Прямой пуск
Прямой пуск, который по-английски часто сокращенно обозначают как DOL, является, пожалуй наиболее распространенным способом пуска. Он заключается в непосредственном (т. е. прямом) подключении двигателя к питающей сети. Это означает, что пуск двигателя осуществляется при полном напряжении.Схема прямого пуска является наиболее простым, экономичным и чаще всего применяемым решением для электродвигателей с короткозамкнутым ротором.
Схема прямого подключения к сети представлена на рисунке 5. Пуск осуществляется при полном напряжении и постоянной частоте сети. Электродвигатель развивает высокий пусковой момент при коротком времени разгона.
Типичные области применения – маломощные электродвигатели, в том числе с пуском при полной нагрузке.
Однако, наряду с преимуществами имеются и определенные недостатки, например, бросок пускового тока, достигающий в первоначальный момент 10…12-кратного значения от номинального тока электродвигателя. Затем ток двигателя уменьшается примерно до 6…8-кратного значения номинального тока и будет держаться на этом уровне до тех пор, пока скорость двигателя не достигнет максимального значения.
Такое изменение тока оказывает значительное электродинамическое воздействие на кабель, подключенный к двигателю. Кроме того пусковой ток воздействует на обмотки двигателя. Высокий начальный пусковой момент может привести к значительному ускорению и следовательно к значительной нагрузке элементов привода (ремней, крепления узлов), что вызывает сокращение их срока службы.
И, наконец, следует принять во внимание возможное возникновение проблем, связанных с падением напряжения в линии питания двигателя и подключенного к этой линии оборудования.
[Перевод Интент]
Тематики
Синонимы
EN
- across-the-line starting (US)
- direct line starting
- direct operation of a motor
- direct starting
- direct-on-line starting
- DOL
- full voltage starter application
DE
FR
Франко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > démarrage direct
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2 procede par filage direct
фильерный способ холстоформирования
Формирование холста из фильер струй расплава или дисперсии полимера, отверждения их и укладки на приемной поверхности.
[ ГОСТ Р 53225-2008]Тематики
EN
FR
Франко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > procede par filage direct
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3 impôt
impôt [ɛ̃po]masculine noun( = taxe) tax• je paye plus de 10 000 € d'impôts I pay more than 10,000 euros in tax• impôt direct/indirect/déguisé direct/indirect/hidden tax• faire un bénéfice de 10 000 € avant impôt to make a profit of 10,000 euros before tax► impôt foncier ≈ land tax► impôt sur les plus-values ≈ capital gains tax━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━The main taxes in France are income tax ( l'impôt sur le revenu), value-added tax on consumer goods (« la TVA »), local taxes funding public amenities ( les impôts locaux) and two kinds of company tax (« la taxe professionnelle », l'impôt sur les sociétés).Income tax can either be paid in three instalments (the first two, known as « tiers provisionnels », are estimates based on the previous year's tax, while the third makes up the actual tax due), or in monthly instalments (an option known as « mensualisation »). Late payment incurs a 10% penalty known as a « majoration ».* * *ɛ̃ponom masculin taxavant/après impôt — before/after tax
Phrasal Verbs:* * *ɛ̃po1. nm1) (taxe spécifique) tax2)l'impôt — taxation, taxes pl
le recouvrement de l'impôt — tax collection, the collection of taxes
2. impôts nmpl(= contributions) tax sgpayer 1000 euros d'impôts — to pay 1,000 euros in tax
* * *A nm1 ( prélèvement) tax; payer ses impôts to pay one's taxes; payer 2 000 € d'impôts to pay €2,000 in tax; avant/après impôt before/after tax; impôt direct/indirect direct/indirect tax; impôt progressif/proportionnel progressive/proportional tax;B impôts nmpl ( institution) les impôts tax (sg); réduire les impôts to reduce tax; payer des impôts to pay tax.impôt additionnel surtax; impôt sur les bénéfices corporation tax; impôt sur le capital tax on capital; impôt foncier property tax; impôt sur la fortune wealth tax; impôt sur les grandes fortunes, IGF ≈ wealth tax; impôt indiciaire wealth-related tax; impôts locaux local taxes; impôt sur le patrimoine inheritance tax; impôt sur les plus-values capital gains tax; impôt de quotité proportional tax; impôt sur le revenu income tax; impôt sur le revenu des personnes physiques, IRPP personal income tax; impôt sur les sociétés corporate tax, company tax; impôt de solidarité sur la fortune, ISF ≈ wealth tax.ⓘ Impôt sur le revenu A tax payable on income (but not deducted at source) which may be paid in three instalments in arrears or on a monthly basis. An annual tax return ( la déclaration d'impôts) must be completed as part of the process.[ɛ̃po] nom masculin1. [prélèvement] taxl'impôt taxation, taxespayer 1 000 euros d'impôt to pay 1,000 euros in taxes ou (in) taxfinancé par l'impôt paid for out of taxes ou with the taxpayers' moneyimpôt direct/indirect direct/indirect tax2. (figuré & littéraire)These are taxes levied to finance local, departmental or regional government. The best-known are the taxe d'habitation (paid by rent-paying tenants), the taxe foncière (paid by homeowners) and the taxe professionnelle (levied on businesses). The rate of each tax is decided at local level. -
4 eau de traitement
техническая вода
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
process water
Water used in a manufacturing or treatment process or in the actual product manufactured. Examples would include water used for washing, rinsing, direct contact, cooling, solution make-up, chemical reactions, and gas scrubbing in industrial and food processing applications. In many cases, water is specifically treated to produce the quality of water needed for the process. (Source: WQA)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
FR
Франко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > eau de traitement
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5 prévision météorologique
метеорологический прогноз
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
meteorological forecasting
A branch of science that studies the dynamics of the atmosphere and the direct effects of the atmosphere upon the Earth's surface, oceans and inhabitants, focusing particularly on weather and weather conditions. (Source: INP / NOA / EEN)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
FR
прогнозирование погоды
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
weather forecasting
The act or process of predicting and highlighting meteorological conditions that are expected for a specific time period and for a specific area or portion of air space, by using objective models based on certain atmospheric parameters, along with the skill and experience of a meteorologist. (Source: FEM / AUS)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
FR
Франко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > prévision météorologique
См. также в других словарях:
Direct process — Direct Di*rect , a. [L. directus, p. p. of dirigere to direct: cf. F. direct. See {Dress}, and cf. {Dirge}.] 1. Straight; not crooked, oblique, or circuitous; leading by the short or shortest way to a point or end; as, a direct line; direct means … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Direct process — The Direct Process, also called the Direct Synthesis, Rochow Process, and Müller Rochow Process is the most common technology for preparing organosilicon compounds on an industrial scale. It was first reported independently by Eugene G. Rochow… … Wikipedia
direct process — noun : a process that yields metal by a single working from the ore compare indirect process … Useful english dictionary
Direct process end use — Those end uses that are specific to the carrying out of manufacturing. They include process heating, process cooling and refrigeration, machine drive, electrochemical processes, and other process uses. Direct denotes that only the quantities of … Energy terms
Direct process — Прямой способ (получения копий, форм) … Краткий толковый словарь по полиграфии
Direct — Di*rect , a. [L. directus, p. p. of dirigere to direct: cf. F. direct. See {Dress}, and cf. {Dirge}.] 1. Straight; not crooked, oblique, or circuitous; leading by the short or shortest way to a point or end; as, a direct line; direct means. [1913 … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Direct action — Direct Di*rect , a. [L. directus, p. p. of dirigere to direct: cf. F. direct. See {Dress}, and cf. {Dirge}.] 1. Straight; not crooked, oblique, or circuitous; leading by the short or shortest way to a point or end; as, a direct line; direct means … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Direct discourse — Direct Di*rect , a. [L. directus, p. p. of dirigere to direct: cf. F. direct. See {Dress}, and cf. {Dirge}.] 1. Straight; not crooked, oblique, or circuitous; leading by the short or shortest way to a point or end; as, a direct line; direct means … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Direct evidence — Direct Di*rect , a. [L. directus, p. p. of dirigere to direct: cf. F. direct. See {Dress}, and cf. {Dirge}.] 1. Straight; not crooked, oblique, or circuitous; leading by the short or shortest way to a point or end; as, a direct line; direct means … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Direct examination — Direct Di*rect , a. [L. directus, p. p. of dirigere to direct: cf. F. direct. See {Dress}, and cf. {Dirge}.] 1. Straight; not crooked, oblique, or circuitous; leading by the short or shortest way to a point or end; as, a direct line; direct means … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Direct fire — Direct Di*rect , a. [L. directus, p. p. of dirigere to direct: cf. F. direct. See {Dress}, and cf. {Dirge}.] 1. Straight; not crooked, oblique, or circuitous; leading by the short or shortest way to a point or end; as, a direct line; direct means … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
