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1 αἶπος
A height, steep, A.Ag. 285, 309, etc.; πρὸς αἶπος ὁδοιπορῆσαι, ἰέναι to toil up- hill, Hp.Morb.2.51,70; πρὸς αἶπος ἔρχεται, metaph. of a difficult task, E.Alc. 500: hence αἶ. (v.l. ἆπος ) ἐκβαλὼν ὁδοῦ, i.e. the weariness of the ascent (expl. by Hsch. as κάματος), Id.Ph. 851 (unless ἐκβαλών = 'forgetting'). -
2 συνέχω
συνέχω fut. συνέξω; 2 aor. συνέσχον. Pass. impf. συνειχόμην; fut. 3 pl. συσχεθήσονται Job 36:8; En 21:10; aor. συνεσχέθην LXX, AcPl Ha (Hom.+).① to hold together as a unit, hold together, sustain τὶ someth. (Ael. Aristid. 43, 16 K.=1 p. 6 D.: τὰ πάντα ς.; PTebt 410, 11. Cp. IG XIV, 1018 to Attis συνέχοντι τὸ πᾶν [s. CWeyman, BZ 14, 1917, 17f]; PGM 13, 843. Other exx. in Cumont3 230, 57; Wsd 1:7; Aristobulus in Eus., PE 13, 12, 12 [=Holladay p. 184, 78; s. p. 229 n. 139 for add. reff. and lit.]; Philo; Jos., C. Ap.2, 208) συνέχει αὐτὴ (i.e. ἡ ψυχή) τὸ σῶμα Dg 6:7. Pass. 1 Cl 20:5.② to close by holding together, stop, shut (στόμα Ps 68:16; Is 52:15; PsSol 17:19 πηγαὶ συνεσχέθησαν. The heavens, so that there is no rain Dt 11:17; 3 Km 8:35) συνέσχον τὰ ὦτα αὐτῶν i.e. they refused to listen Ac 7:57.③ to press in and around so as to leave little room for movement, press hard, crowd τινά someone Lk 8:45. Of a city (2 Macc 9:2) οἱ ἐχθροί σου συνέξουσίν σε πάντοθεν 19:43.④ to hold in custody, guard (Lucian, Tox. 39; PMagd 42, 7; PLille 7, 15 [III B.C.]) Lk 22:63.⑤ to cause distress by force of circumstances, seize, attack, distress, torment τινά someone τὰ συνέχοντά με that which distresses me IRo 6:3. Mostly pass. (Aeschyl., Hdt. et al.) be tormented by, afflicted w., distressed by τινί someth., of sickness (Pla. et al.; ApcMos 5; Tat. 2, 1; 3; SIG 1169, 50 ἀγρυπνίαις συνεχόμενος; POxy 896, 34 πυραιτίοις συνεχόμενος) νόσοις καὶ βασάνοις Mt 4:24; πυρετῷ (Hippiatr. I 6, 23; Jos., Ant. 13, 398; s. also πυρετός) Lk 4:38; πυρετοῖς καὶ δυσεντερίῳ Ac 28:8. Of unpleasant emotional states (Diod S 29, 25 λύπῃ; TestAbr A 16, p. 96, 21 [Stone p. 40] δειλίᾳ πολλῇ; Aelian, VH 14, 22 ὀδυρμῷ; Ps.-Plut., De Fluv. 2, 1; 7, 5; 17, 3; 19, 1) φόβῳ μεγάλῳ συνείχοντο they were overcome by great fear Lk 8:37 (cp. Job 3:24). φόβῳ μεγάλῳ συσχεθεῖσα AcPl Ha 3, 34; cp. 11, 16.—Without the dat. (Leontios 16 p. 33, 13 συνεχόμενος=tormented) πῶς συνέχομαι how great is my distress, what vexation I must endure Lk 12:50. The apostle, torn betw. conflicting emotions, says συνέχομαι ἐκ τῶν δύο I am hard pressed (to choose) between the two Phil 1:23.⑥ to occupy someone’s attention intensely, συνέχομαί τινι I am occupied with or absorbed in someth. (Herodian 1, 17, 9 ἡδοναῖς; Diog. L. 7, 185 γέλωτι; Wsd 17:19) συνείχετο τῷ λόγῳ (Paul) was wholly absorbed in preaching Ac 18:5 (EHenschel, Theologia Viatorum 2, ’50, 213–15; cp. Arrian, Anab. 7, 21, 5 ἐν τῷδε τῷ πόνῳ ξυνείχοντο=they were intensively engaged in this difficult task) in contrast to the activity cited in vs. 3. Closely related is the sense⑦ to provide impulse for some activity, urge on, impel, τινά someone ἡ ἀγάπη συνέχει ἡμᾶς 2 Cor 5:14 (so Bachmann, Belser, Sickenberger, Lietzmann, Windisch, OHoltzmann, 20th Cent.; NRSV). Pass. συνείχετο τῷ πνεύματι ὁ Παῦλος Ac 18:5 v.l.⑧ to hold within bounds so as to manage or guide, direct, control. Many, including RSV and REB, offer this interp. for 2 Cor 5:14 (s. 7 above. Heinrici leaves the choice open betw. 7 and 8. GHendry, ET 59, ’47/48, 82 proposes ‘include, embrace.’).—M-M. TW. Spicq. -
3 οἰκονομία
οἰκονομία, ας, ἡ (οἰκονομέω; X., Pla.+; ins., pap; Is 22:19, 21; TestJob, ParJer, Philo, Joseph.)① responsibility of management, management of a household, direction, office (X., Oec. 1, 1; Herodian 6, 1, 1; Jos., Ant. 2, 89; PTebt 27, 21 [114 B.C.]; PLond III, 904, 25 p. 125 [104 A.D.]; Orig., C. Cels. 8, 57, 22).ⓐ lit., of the work of an οἰκονόμος ‘estate manager’ Lk 16:2–4 (this passage shows that it is not always poss. to draw a sharp distinction betw. the office itself and the activities associated w. it).—WPöhlmann, Der verlorene Sohn u. das Haus ’93.ⓑ Paul applies the idea of administration to the office of an apostle οἰκονομίαν πεπίστευμαι I have been entrusted with a commission/task 1 Cor 9:17 (cp. Theoph. Ant. 1, 11 [p. 82, 8]); ἀνθρωπίνων οἰκονομίαν μυστηρίων πεπίστευνται they have been entrusted with the administration of merely human mysteries Dg 7:1. Of a supervisor (bishop): ὸ̔ν πέμπει ὁ οἰκοδεσπότης εἰς ἰδίαν οἰκ. (οἰκ. ἰδίου οἴκου) the one whom the master of the house sent to administer his own household IEph 6:1. This is prob. also the place for κατὰ τὴν οἰκ. τοῦ θεοῦ τὴν δοθεῖσάν μοι εἰς ὑμᾶς according to the divine office which has been granted to me for you Col 1:25, as well as ἠκούσατε τὴν οἰκονομίαν τ. χάριτος τ. θεοῦ τῆς δοθείσης μοι εἰς ὑμᾶς you have heard of the administration of God’s grace that was granted to me for you Eph 3:2 (on the other hand, this latter vs. may be parallel to the usage in vs. 9; s. 2b below).② state of being arranged, arrangement, order, plan (X., Cyr. 5, 3, 25; Polyb. 4, 67, 9; 10, 16, 2; Diod S 1, 81, 3)ⓐ ἡ τῆς σαρκὸς οἰκονομία of the arrangement or structure of the parts of the body beneath the skin; they are laid bare by scourging MPol 2:2.—(Iren. 5, 3, 2 [Harv. II, 326, 3]).ⓑ of God’s unique plan private plan, plan of salvation, i.e. arrangements for redemption of humans (in the pap of arrangements and directions of authorities: UPZ 162 IX, 2 [117 B.C.]; CPR 11, 26, and in PGM [e.g. 4, 293] of the measures by which one wishes to attain some goal by extrahuman help.—Just., D. 31, 1 τοῦ πάθους … οἰκ.; Hippol., Did.) ἡ οἰκ. τοῦ μυστηρίου the plan of the mystery Eph 3:9 (v.l. κοινωνία; on the thought cp. vs. 2 and s. JReumann, NovT 3, ’59, 282–92.—Just., D. 134, 2 οἰκονομίαι … μυστηρίων). Also in the linguistically difficult passage 1:10 οἰκ. certainly refers to the plan of salvation which God is bringing to reality through Christ, in the fullness of the times. κατʼ οἰκονομίαν θεοῦ according to God’s plan of redemption IEph 18:2 (cp. Ath. 21, 4 κατὰ θείαν οἰκ.—Pl.: Iren. 1, 10, 1 [Harv. I 90, 8]) προσδηλώσω ὑμῖν ἧς ἠρξάμην οἰκονομίας εἰς τὸν καινὸν ἄνθρωπον Ἰησοῦν Χριστόν I will explain to you further the divine plan which I began (to discuss), with reference to the new human being Jesus Christ IEph 20:1. AcPl Ha 3, 23 of God’s marvelous plan = way of doing things; 6, 26 ο̣ἰ̣κο̣ν̣[ομίαν πληρῶσω κτλ.] (so that I might carry out God’s) plan for me; pl. 5, 27 [ὡς καὶ ἐκεῖ τὰς τοῦ κυρίου οἰκο]νομίας πληρῶσε (=πληρῶσαι) [Paul has gone off to carry out God’s] purpose [also there] (in Macedonia) (apparently a ref. to the various missionary assignments given by God to Paul; for the formulation cp. τὴν οἰκ. τελέσας Orig., C. Cels. 2, 65, 4).ⓒ also of God’s arrangements in nature pl. αἱ οἰκ. θεοῦ Dg 4:5 (cp. Tat. 12, 2; 18, 2 ὕλης οἰκ.; Did., Gen. 92, 6 πάντα ὑπὸ τὴν αὐτοῦ οἰκ. ἐστίν.—Of the order in creation Theoph. Ant. 2, 12 [p. 130, 2]).③ program of instruction, training (in the way of salvation); this mng. (found also Clem. Alex., Paed. 1, 8, 69, 3; 70, 1 p. 130 St.) seems to fit best in 1 Ti 1:4, where it is said of the erroneous teachings of certain persons ἐκζητήσεις παρέχουσιν μᾶλλον ἢ οἰκονομίαν θεοῦ τὴν ἐν πίστει they promote useless speculations rather than divine training that is in faith (οἰκοδομήν and οἰκοδομίαν [q.v.] as vv.ll. are simply ‘corrections’ to alleviate the difficulty). If οἰκ. is to be taken in the sense of 1b above, the thought of the verse would be somewhat as follows: ‘endless speculative inquiry merely brings about contention instead of the realization of God’s purpose which has to do with faith.’—OLillger, Das patristische Wort, diss. Erlangen ’55; JReumann, The Use of ΟΙΚΟΝΟΜΙΑ and Related Terms etc., diss. U. of Pennsylvania ’57.—DELG s.v. νέμω. M-M. EDNT. TW. Spicq. Sv.
См. также в других словарях:
task — [tɑːsk ǁ tæsk] noun [countable] 1. a piece of work that must be done, especially one that must be done regularly: • Scheduling is a key task for most managers. • day to day management tasks • computers that can do dozens of tasks at the same time … Financial and business terms
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task — task1 W1S2 [ta:sk US tæsk] n [Date: 1200 1300; : Old North French; Origin: tasque, from Medieval Latin tasca tax or service to be done for a ruler , from taxare to tax ] 1.) a piece of work that must be done, especially one that is difficult or… … Dictionary of contemporary English
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task — task1 [ tæsk ] noun count *** something that you have to do, often something that is difficult or unpleasant: My first real task was to prepare for the meeting. routine/daily tasks perform a task: It was a hard task to perform. the task of doing… … Usage of the words and phrases in modern English
difficult — dif|fi|cult W1S1 [ˈdıfıkəlt] adj [Date: 1300 1400; Origin: difficulty] 1.) hard to do, understand, or deal with ≠ ↑easy ▪ a difficult question ▪ an immensely difficult task ▪ Was the exam very difficult? ▪ It s difficult to see how more savings… … Dictionary of contemporary English
difficult — dif|fi|cult [ dıfıkəlt ] adjective *** 1. ) not easy to do, deal with, or understand: HARD: Choosing the winner was a difficult task. The exam questions were too difficult. difficult to do something: It s difficult to say what time I will get… … Usage of the words and phrases in modern English
difficult */*/*/ — UK [ˈdɪfɪk(ə)lt] / US [ˈdɪfɪkəlt] adjective 1) not easy to do, deal with, or understand Choosing the winner was a difficult task. The exam questions were too difficult. it is difficult to do something: It s difficult to say what time I will get… … English dictionary
difficult*/*/*/ — [ˈdɪfɪk(ə)lt] adj 1) not easy to do, deal with, or understand Syn: hard Ant: easy Choosing the winner was a difficult task.[/ex] The exam questions were too difficult.[/ex] Talking to teenagers can be difficult for parents.[/ex] It s difficult to … Dictionary for writing and speaking English
difficult — /ˈdɪfəkəlt / (say difuhkuhlt) adjective 1. hard to do, perform, or accomplish; not easy; requiring much effort: a difficult task. 2. hard to understand or solve: a difficult problem. 3. hard to deal with or get on with. 4. hard to please or… …