differō

dis-crĕpo, ŭi, 1, v. n., to differ in sound, to sound differently, discordantly, not to harmonize (for syn. cf.: differo, disto, intersum).

Lit. (rare;

perh. only in Cic.): ut in fidibus aut tibiis, quamvis paulum discrepent, tamen id a sciente animadverti solet: sic videndum est in vita, ne forte quid discrepet, etc.,

Cic. Off. 1, 40 fin.; id. Rep. 2, 42, 69; id. de Or. 3, 50, 196.—Far more freq.,

Trop., to disagree, be different, to vary, differ:

peccata, quia discrepant, aeque discrepant,

Cic. Fin. 4, 27, 75:

oratio verbis discrepans, sententiis congruens,

id. Leg. 1, 10 fin.:

tres duces discrepantes, prope ut, etc.,

Liv. 26, 41: nec multum discrepat aetas, * Verg. A. 10, 434 et saep.: eadem dicit;

nulla in re discrepat,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 46:

de ceteris rebus discrepantium philosophorum,

id. Tusc. 4, 28, 61:

verbo inter se discrepare, re unum sonare,

id. Off. 3, 21, 83; cf. id. Inv. 2, 49, 144:

discrepare ab aequitate sapientiam,

id. Rep. 3, 9; so with ab, id. Off. 1, 40, 145; id. de Or. 3, 30, 118; id. Planc. 17, 42 al.:

facta ejus cum dictis discrepare,

Cic. Fin. 2, 30; so with cum, id. ib. 4, 22; Varr. L. L. 9, § 102 Müll.:

ipsi sibi singuli discrepantes,

id. de Or. 3, 50, 196; id. Tusc. 4, 13, 29; so with dat., Hor. C. 1, 27, 6; id. S. 1, 6, 92; id. Ep. 2, 2, 194; id. A. P. 152; Pers. 6, 18 al.—

Transf.: res discrepat, and more freq. impers. discrepat, there is a difference of opinion respecting something (esp. a fact), it is a matter of dispute, it is undecided (opp. convenit):

incidi in rem multum discrepantem auctorum opinionibus,

Vell. 1, 7, 2; cf.:

causa latendi discrepat,

Ov. F. 6, 572:

cum de legibus conveniret, de latore tantum discreparet,

Liv. 3, 31 fin.; cf.: veneno quidem occisum, convenit;

ubi autem discrepat,

Suet. Claud. 44; so with rel. clause, Liv. 29, 25, 1:

id, quod haud discrepat,

id. 9, 46; cf. Suet. Vit. 2:

nec discrepat, quin dictator eo anno A. Cornelius fuerit,

Liv. 8, 40; so with quin, id. 25, 28, 3; cf. Weissenb. ad Liv. 2, 1, 3:

inter scriptores rerum,

id. 38, 56:

inter auctores,

id. 22, 61; 29, 25.

dis-trăho, xi, ctum, 3, v. a.

To pull asunder, tear in pieces, to separate forcibly, divide (freq. and class.).

Lit.

In gen.:

corpus quod dirimi distrahive non possit,

Cic. N. D. 3, 12; cf. id. Tusc. 1, 29, 71:

exanimor, feror, differor, distrahor, diripior,

Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 5; Pentheum diripuisse aiunt Bacchas;

nugas... prae quo pacto ego divorsus distrahor,

id. Merc. 2, 4, 1 sq.; cf.: Mettum Fufetium equis ad curriculum ex utraque parte deligatum distraxit, Varr. ap. Non. 287, 22;

so of the same: corpus passim,

Liv. 1, 28 fin.;

of Hippolytus: turbatis distractus equis,

Verg. A. 7, 787:

quae (materia) neque perrumpi neque distrahi potest,

Caes. B. G. 7, 23 fin.; cf.

vallum (with diripere),

Liv. 25, 36:

ut aciem ejus distrahi paterentur,

i. e. to be separated, broken up, Caes. B. C. 3, 92, 1:

Taurus mons mediam distrahens Asiam,

Plin. 5, 27, 27, § 97 et saep.—

In partic., in mercant. lang., to sell separately, in parcels, to retail = divendere (mostly post-Aug.): dividant, differant, dissipent, distrahant, Lucil. ap. Non. 287, 9:

coëmendo quaedam tantum ut pluris postea distraheret,

Suet. Vesp. 16:

agros,

Tac. A. 6, 17; cf.

fundum,

Dig. 2, 15, 8, § 15:

merces,

Just. 9, 1, 6:

bona venum,

Gell. 20, 1, 19 et saep.—

In gen., to sell:

instrumentum,

Suet. Cal. 39:

levi pretio aetatulam,

App. M. 7, p. 191 fin. —

To waste, squander:

apsenti hic tua res distrahitur tibi,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 1, 16. —

Trop., to draw in different directions; to divide, distract, perplex:

qui haec natura cohaerentia opinione distraxissent,

Cic. Off. 3, 3, 11; cf. Quint. 4, 3, 4:

distrahitur in deliberando animus,

Cic. Off. 1, 3, 9; cf., shortly before: in quo considerando saepe animi in contrarias sententias distrahuntur; cf.:

distrahor, tum hoc mihi probabilius, tum illud videtur,

id. Ac. 2, 43 fin.:

cum Tiberium anceps cura distraheret, vine militum... an, etc.,

Tac. A. 2, 40; cf. id. ib. 6, 44:

obsessos hinc fides, inde egestas inter decus ac flagitium distrahebant,

id. H. 4, 60:

oratoris industriam in plura studia distrahere nolim,

Cic. de Or. 1, 59:

sic distrahuntur in contrarias partes impotentium cupiditates,

id. Tusc. 5, 20 fin.; cf. Tac. A. 4, 40: res publica [p. 599] distracta lacerataque, Liv. 2, 57; cf.

quae sententia omnem societatem distrahit civitatis,

Cic. Off. 3, 6, 28: Caesarem et Pompeium perfidia hominum distractos in pristinam concordiam reducere, Balbus ap. Cic. Att. 8, 15 A.:

amorem,

Ter. Ph. 3, 2, 33:

concilium Boeotorum,

Liv. 42, 47:

collegia,

Suet. Caes. 42:

matrimonium,

Dig. 24, 2, 2 et saep.:

rem,

to frustrate, prevent, Caes. B. C. 1, 33, 3:

controversias, i. e. dirimere,

to end, adjust, Cic. Caecin. 2, 6; Suet. Caes. 85: voces, i. e. to leave a hiatus (opp. contrahere), Cic. Or. 45, 152:

qua ipse fama distraheretur, i. q. differretur (cf. differo, B. 2.),

would be assailed, Tac. A. 3, 10.

To tear away, draw away, part, to separate, remove.

Lit.:

membra divellere ac distrahere,

Cic. Sull. 20 fin.:

illam a me distrahit necessitas,

Ter. Hec. 3, 5, 42; id. Phorm. 1, 4, 24; Cic. Fam. 4, 13, 2.—

Trop.:

sapientiam, temperantiam, fortitudinem copulatas esse docui cum voluptate, ut ab ea nullo modo nec divelli nec distrahi possint,

Cic. Fin. 1, 16, 50.—

Of persons, to separate in sentiment, to estrange, alienate:

aliquem ab aliquo (preceded by: a conjunctione avocare, and: a familiaritate disjungere),

id. Phil. 2, 10, 23;

so with divellere,

id. Planc. 42, 102.—Hence, distractus, a, um, P. a.

Divided (very rarely):

(conjectus animaï) divisior inter se ac distractior,

Lucr. 4, 961.—

Trop., distracted, perplexed:

distractissimus tantorum onerum mole,

Vell. 2, 114, 1.— Adv. does not occur.

fāma, ae, f. [for, fa-ri], = phêmê, the talk of the multitude, like rumor, either as relating or as judging (v. rumor; cf. also: nomen, gloria, laudatio; clamor, plausus; honos, dignitas, honestas, laus, etc.).

That which people say or tell, the common talk, a report, rumor, saying, tradition (freq. and class.; plur. very rare); absol., or with a statement of the subject-matter annexed with de, or as an object-clause; rarely with gen.

Absol.:

hascine propter res maledicas famas ferunt?

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 149: a Brundisio nulla adhuc fama venerat, Cic. Att. 9, 3, 2:

cum tristis a Mutina fama manaret,

id. Phil. 14, 6, 15:

at fuit fama. Quotusquisque est, qui istam effugere potest in tam maledica civitate?

id. Cael. 16, 38: magna illico fama surrexit, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 2:

aliquod fama ac nuntiis afferre,

Caes. B. G. 6, 30, 2:

hac fama ad Treviros perlata,

id. ib. 5, 53, 2:

reliquos (deos) ne famā quidem acceperunt,

id. ib. 6, 21, 2; cf.:

quam Eratostheni et quibusdam Graecis famā notam esse video,

id. ib. 6, 24, 2:

concedamus famae hominum,

Cic. Rep. 2, 2:

Daedalus, ut fama est, fugiens, etc.,

Verg. A. 6, 14; cf.:

pulsis (vetus est ut fama) Sabellis,

Hor. S. 2, 1, 36:

ita fama ferebat,

Ov. M. 12, 197:

duplex inde fama est,

a twofold tradition, Liv. 1, 1, 6.— In plur.:

inhonestas famas adjungere diis,

Arn. 7, 219:

per omnem provinciam magnae atrocesque famae ibant,

Sall. H. 1, 67 Dietsch, ex conj.—

Stating the subject-matter or contents.

With de:

si quis quid de republica a finitimis rumore aut fama acceperit,

Caes. B. G. 6, 20, 1:

si quid ipsi audistis communi fama atque sermone de vi, de manu, de armis, etc.,

Cic. Fl. 6, 13:

de interitu P. Clodii,

id. Mil. 35, 98:

de Afranio fama est,

id. Att. 7, 26, 1:

de Titurii morte,

Caes. B. G. 5, 39, 1; cf.:

de victoria Caesaris,

id. ib. 5, 53, 1;

5, 51, 1: de proelio Dyrrhachino,

id. B. C. 3, 80.— Plur.: ingentes esse famas de Regulo, Arrunt. ap. Sen. Ep. 114, 19 fin. —

With an appos. clause:

ne mihi hanc famam differant, Me... dedisse, etc.,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 63;

v. differo, B. 2.: accipere fama et auditione, esse quoddam numen et vim deorum,

Cic. N. D. 2, 37, 95:

quod tibi esse antiquissimum constante famā atque omnium sermone celebratum est,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8, § 24; so,

constans fama,

Liv. 6, 25, 4:

cum esse praestantem Numam Pompilium fama ferret,

Cic. Rep. 2, 13:

cum fama per orbem terrarum percrebuisset, illum, etc.,

Caes. B. C. 3, 43 fin.:

fama nuntiabat, te esse in Syria,

Cic. Fam. 12, 4, 2:

fama incerta duos equites venisse,

a vague rumor, Liv. 27, 50, 6:

capsis quem (Cassium) fama est esse librisque Ambustum propriis,

Hor. S. 1, 10, 63 al. —

With gen.:

vix ad aures meas istius suspicionis fama pervenit,

Cic. Sull. 4, 12:

propter incertam famam aeris alieni,

an unsupported rumor, Liv. 6, 27, 3.—

Personified: Fama, a goddess, daughter of Terra, swiftfooted, all-seeing, growing as she runs:

Fama, malum qua non aliud velocius ullum,

Verg. A. 4, 173 sq.; Ov. M. 12, 43 sq.; Val. Fl. 2, 116 sq.; Stat. Th. 3, 426 sq.; Ov. M. 8, 267; 9, 137; 14, 726; 15, 4; 853 al.

The voice or judgment of the many, public opinion; more freq. objectively, the fame, character, reputation which a man has, either in general or in particular, as a good or bad reputation, etc. (very freq. and class.).

In gen.:

famam atque rumores pars altera consensum civitatis et velut publicum testimonium vocat: altera sermonem sine ullo certo auctore dispersum, cui malignitas initium dederit, incrementum credulitas,

Quint. 5, 3; cf.:

adversus famam rumoresque hominum si satis firmus steteris,

Liv. 22, 39, 18:

contra opinionem militum famamque omnium videri proelium defugisse, magnum detrimentum afferebat,

Caes. B. C. 1, 82, 2; cf. id. ib. 3, 56 fin.: fama popularis, popular fame or favor, Cic. Tusc. 3, 2, 4; 5, 16, 46:

forensis,

Q. Cic. Petit. Cons. 5, 17: de bona fama (quam enim appellant eudoxian, aptius est hoc loco bonam famam appellare quam gloriam), Cic. Fin. 3, 17, 57:

bona de Domitio, praeclara de Afranio fama est,

id. Att. 7, 26, 1; cf.:

qui bonam famam bonorum, quae sola vere gloria nominari potest, expetunt,

id. Sest. 66, 139; Sall. C. 7, 6:

si bonam famam mihi servasso, sat ero dives,

Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 70 sq.:

bona,

Cat. 61, 62:

bene loquendi fama,

Cic. Brut. 74, 259:

eloquentiae,

Quint. 7, 1, 41:

sapientiae,

Cic. Lael. 4, 15:

pudica,

Prop. 2, 32 (3, 30), 21:

alium mala fama et timor impediebat,

Sall. J. 35, 4:

inconstantiae,

Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 11:

vappae ac nebulonis,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 12.—In plur.: inter arma civilia aequi boni famas petit, Sall. Fragm. ap. Sen. Ep. 114, 19 (Hist. inc. lib. 76 Dietsch).—

In partic.

In a good sense, fair fame, reputation, renown, = existumatio, fama bona:

ut vos mihi domi eritis, proinde ego ero famā foris,

Tert. Hec. 2, 1, 21: fundamentum [p. 723] est perpetuae commendationis et famae justitia, Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71:

fama et existimatio,

id. Quint. 15, 50; cf.:

ut ante collectam famam conservet (for which, shortly after: habet existimationem multo sudore collectam),

id. Div. in Caecil. 22, 71:

sic ejus (Archiae) adventus celebrabantur, ut famam ingenii exspectatio hominis superaret... hac tanta celebritate famae cum esset jam absentibus notus, etc. (shortly before: celeriter antecellere omnibus ingenii gloriā contigit),

id. Arch. 3, 5;

so corresp. to gloria,

id. Tusc. 1, 46, 110:

fama ingeni abicienda,

id. Fam. 9, 16, 3;

with the latter cf.: anxius de fama ingenii,

Quint. 11, 1, 50; 74:

de alicujus fama detrahere,

Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 5:

famam in tuto collocare,

Quint. 12, 11, 7:

ejus scripta tantum intra famam sunt,

id. 11, 3, 8:

ad famam populi Romani pertinere, eos consules esse, etc.,

Liv. 10, 24, 17:

(ut amicorum) aut caput agatur aut fama,

Cic. Lael. 17, 61:

loco, fortuna, fama superiores,

id. ib. 25, 94:

virtus, fama, decus divitiis parent,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 95:

cui gratia, fama, valetudo, contingat abunde,

id. Ep. 1, 4, 10:

famam dicendi fortius quaerunt,

Quint. 2, 12, 9: Evadne... Occidit Argivae fama pudicitiae, the glory or pride of Argive chastity, i. e. of the chaste women of Argos, Prop. 1, 15, 22.—Esp.: magna fama, great reputation, fame, glory:

magnam famam attulisse Fabio Tarentum rebatur,

Liv. 27, 25, 11:

magnam famam sui relinquere,

Nep. Lys. 1, 1:

habere,

Plin. 36, 21, 39, § 149.—

In a bad sense, illfame, infamy, scandal, = infamia, fama mala (rare): opplere (aliquem) famā ac flagitiis, Turp. ap. Non. 306, 2; Ter. Ad. 2, 3, 10:

neque specie famāve movetur, Nec jam furtivum Dido meditatur amorem,

Verg. A. 4, 172; Sall. C. 3, 5; Tac. A. 12, 49; Plin. Pan. 28, 1; cf.:

laeta apud plerosque, apud quosdam sinistra fama,

Tac. A. 11, 19.

inter-sum, fŭi, esse (interfŭtūrus, Cic. Div. in Caecil. 11, 35;

in tmesi: interque esse desiderat pugnis,

Arn. 7, 255), v. n., to be between, lie between (class.; syn. interjaceo).

In gen.

Of space:

quas (segetes) inter et castra unus omnino collis intererat,

Caes. B. G. 6, 35:

ut Tiberis inter eos et pons interesset,

Cic. Cat. 3, 2:

via interest perangusta,

Liv. 22, 4:

morari victoriam rati, quod interesset amnis,

id. 21, 5:

quod interest spatii,

Plin. 6, 9, 10, § 28.—

Of time:

cujus inter primum et sextum consulatum sex et quadraginta anni interfuerunt,

elapsed, Cic. de Sen. 17, 60:

inter Laviniam et Albam Longam coloniam deductam triginta ferme interfuere anni,

Liv. 1, 3; Cic. Leg. 3, 3, 8.—

Transf.

To be apart; with abl. of distance (syn. disto):

clathros interesse oportet pede,

Cato, R. R. 4.—

To be different, to differ:

ut inter eos, ne minimum quidem intersit,

there is not the slightest difference, Cic. Ac. 2, 17, 52: inter hominem et beluam hoc maxime interest, quod, men differ chiefly from brutes in this, that, etc., id. Off. 1, 4, 11:

vide, quantum interfuturum sit inter meam atque tuam accusationem,

how great a difference there will be, id. Div. in Caecil. 11, 35:

in his rebus nihil omnino interest,

there is no difference whatever, id. Ac. 2; 15, 47:

hoc pater ac dominus interest,

there is this difference, Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 51:

tantum id interest, veneritne eo itinere ad urbem, an ab urbe in Campaniam redierit,

Liv. 26, 11.— With ab (like differo, rare):

negant quidquam a falsis interesse,

Cic. Ac. 2, 9, 27; cf.:

quod intersit aut differat, aliud ab alio,

id. Fin. 3, 7, 25:

quod ab eo nihil intersit, etc.,

id. Ac. 2, 26, 83.—With dat.:

ut matrona Intererit Satyris paulum pudibunda protervis,

Hor. A. P. 232:

quid dimidium dimidiato intersit,

Gell. 3, 14, 4.—With gen. (in analogy with the Gr. diapherein tinos): quoniam to nemesan interest (= diapherei) tou phthonein, i. e. anger differs from envy, Cic. Att. 5, 19 fin. —

To be present at, take part in, attend; constr. absol., with dat. or in and abl.

Absol.:

ac si ipse interfuerit, ac praesens viderit,

Cic. Inv. 1, 54, 104:

interfuisse me memini,

Suet. Dom. 12.—

With dat. rei:

consiliis,

Cic. Att. 14, 22, 2; 2, 23, 3:

crudelitati,

id. ib. 9, 6, 7:

negotiis,

id. Fam. 1, 6:

lacrimis patris,

Verg. A. 11, 62:

ludis,

Suet. Tib. 72:

caedi,

id. Dom. 47:

rebus gerendis,

Gell. 5, 18, 1:

sermoni,

id. 11, 7, 1:

senatui,

Cic. Dom. 11; Suet. Claud. 46:

populo Quirini,

to be among, live with, Hor. C. 1, 2, 46:

rebus divinis,

Caes. B. G. 6, 13, 4:

proelio,

id. ib. 7, 87:

bello,

Liv. 36, 4:

spectaculo,

id. 2, 38.— Also, with dat. loci:

curiae,

Suet. Aug. 38:

contubernio patris,

Aur. Vict. Caes. 27, 1.—Also, with dat. pers.:

sacrificanti interfuit,

attended him, Suet. Oth. 6.—

With in and abl.:

in convivio,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 14, 39:

in testamento faciendo,

id. Clu. 59, 162:

voluerunt eos in suis rebus ipsos interesse,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 6, § 14:

quibus in rebus,

Auct. Her. 1, 9.— Also used of time, to live in:

quisquis illis temporibus interfuit,

Vell. 2, 114, 2:

cui tempori Saturninus interfuit,

Sulp. Sev. Dial. 3, 3; cf.:

ea (ratiocinatio) dicitur interfuisse tum, cum aliquid vitasse aut secutus esse animus videbitur,

to have taken place, Cic. Inv. 2, 5, 18.—

To interest, be of interest to one (very rare as pers. verb):

non quo mea interesset natura loci,

Cic. Att. 3, 19, 1 (cf. interest, impers. infra). —

Esp.: intĕrest, impers., it makes a difference, interests, concerns, imports; is of interest, importance; constr. with gen. pers. or meā, tuā, suā, and with a subj. or rel. clause, ut or ne, or with ad:

ea vos rata habeatis, ne magis reipublicae interest, quam mea,

Liv. 26, 31, 10:

quanto opere reipublicae communisque salutis intersit, manus hostium distineri,

Caes. B. G. 2, 5, 2:

semper ille, quantum interesset P. Clodii, se perire, cogitabat,

Cic. Mil. 21, 56:

quid illius interest, ubi sis?

id. Att. 10, 4, 10:

quis enim est hodie, cujus intersit istam legem manere?

id. Phil. 1, 9:

hoc vehementer interest rei publicae,

id. Q. Fr. 2, 4, 1:

quod ego et mea et rei publicae interesse arbitror,

id. Fam. 2, 19 fin.:

multum interest rei familiaris tuae, te quam primum venire,

id. Fam. 4, 10, 2:

tuā et meā maxime interest, te valere,

id. ib. 16, 4:

id ignorare eos velis, quorum intersit id scire,

id. Off. 3, 13, 57.— With ut or ne:

illud meā magni interest, te ut videam,

Cic. Att. 11, 22, 2:

quod ut facias tuā interesse arbitror,

id. Fam. 12, 18, 2:

vestrā interest, ne imperatorem pessimi faciant,

Tac. H. 1, 30:

non tam suā quam reipublicae interesse ut salvus esset,

Suet. Caes. 86; so,

utriusque nostrum magni interest ut te videam,

Cic. Fam. 3, 5, 4 B. and K. (dub.).— With gen. pretii:

quod meus familiaris tanti suā interesse arbitraretur,

Cic. Fam. 13, 10.—With rel. or interrog.-clause:

in omnibus novis conjunctionibus interest, qualis primus aditus sit,

Cic. Fam. 13, 10, 4: non tam interest, quo animo scribatur, quam quo accipiatur, Caecin. ap. Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 1:

neque multum interest, quod nondum per numeros distributi sunt,

Plin. Ep. 10, 30, 2; cf. with utrum... an: quid interfuit, homo audacissime, utrum hoc decerneres, an, etc., what mattered it? Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 61, § 141:

nihil interest nunc, an violaverim, etc.,

Liv. 26, 31.— With ad:

ad honorem interesse,

Cic. Fam. 16, 1, 1:

ad decus et ad laudem civitatis,

id. N. D. 1, 4, 7:

ad laudem nostram,

id. ib. 5, 12, 2:

ad beate vivendum,

id. Fin. 2, 28, 90.

S, s, indecl. n. or (agreeing with littera) f.

The eighteenth letter of the Latin alphabet, corresponding in form to the old Greek S for S (Etruscan in a reversed form,);

in its nature a sibilant semi-vowel, whose peculiarities were much discussed by the ancients, and are even treated of in a special work by Messala, a contemporary of Augustus (Messala in libro de S littera,

Quint. 1, 7, 23; cf. Mart. Cap. 3, § 245).—

As an initial and medial it has a hard and sharp sound (which is softened, however, between two vowels), and is therefore joined only with the tenues (c, p, t; cf., on the contrary, the Gr. sbennumi);

and, as a medial, often written double after long vowels: caussa, cassus, divissiones (these forms, used by Cicero and Vergil, were already uncommon in Quintilian's time,

Quint. 1, 7, 20; v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 283 sq.).—

As a final it had a weakened sound, and therefore not only admitted the medial b before it (plebs, urbs, abs; Arabs, chalybs, etc.; v. the letter B), but often entirely disappeared. So in the ante-class. poets down to the early years of Cicero (and also in his own poem, entitled Aratus, written in his youth), before words beginning with a consonant, to avoid position: Ratu' Romulus, Fulviu' Nobilior, gravi' Terra, est sati' bella, Hyperioni' cursum, Virgine' nam sibi, etc.; cf. Cic. Or. 48, 161; Quint. 9, 4, 38; and v. Freund, in Jahn's Neue Jahrb. 1835, XIII. p. 25 sq.; less freq. before words beginning with a vowel, in which case, to avoid a hiatus, the vowel before s was also elided; vas' argenteis (for vasis argenteis) and palm' et crinibus (for palmis et crinibus); v. Cic. Or. 45, 153. So, too, in the fourth Epitaph of the Scipios (Inscr. Orell. 553), L. CORNELIO L. F. instead of CORNELIOS (cf. a similar elision of the M under that letter). Final s is also elided, and the preceding vowel either dropped with it or weakened, in the forms sat from satis, mage from magis; in the neutr. forms of adjectives of the third declension, acre, agreste, facile (v. the letter E); in the collat. forms of the sec. pers. sing. pass., fatere, fateare, fatebare, etc.; in the gen. sing. of the first, second, and fifth declensions, and in the nom. plur. of the first and second declensions (aurai for aura-is, analog. to reg is, etc.). Lastly, s disappears in the (mostly familiar) collat. forms abin', scin', viden', satin', from abisne, scisne, videsne, satisne, etc.—

As an etymological initial aspirate, s appears in many words whose Greek equivalents begin with a vowel: sal, semi-, serpo, sex, super, sus, corresp. to hals, hêmi-, herpô, hex, huper, us, etc.; si (archaic sei), sero, Segesta, corresp. to ei, ERÔ (whence eirô), Egesta. Less freq. in radical words beginning with a consonant: sculpo corresp. to gluphô, and the derivatives scruta, from grutê, and scrupedae, from kroupeza. To soften the termination, s appears in abs = ab, and ex corresp. to ek.—Very freq., on the contrary, an initial s appears in cognate forms in other languages, where corresp. Latin words have lost the s: Lat. fallo, Gr. sphallô; fungus, Gr. sphongos; fides, Gr. sphidê (comp. also nix with Engl. [p. 1609] snow, nurus with old Germ. snur, daughterin-law); cf. also cutis and scutum; cauda and root sku-, in Goth. skauts, etc.; casa and Gr. skia, skênê; cerno and Gr. krinô for skirnô, skôr, skôria; calumnia and skallô; gradior and root scra-, Germ. schreiten; parco and sparnos; penuria and spanis; pando and spaô; tego and stegô; tono and stonos; taurus and Sanscr. sthūras, Germ. Stier al.; v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, p. 277 sqq.—In the middle of a word s is dropped in at from ast.—

S is interchanged,

Most freq. with r; in partic., an original s, between two vowels, becomes r; v. Varr. L. L. 7, § 26 Müll.; so foederum for foedesum, plurima for plusima, meliorem for meliosem, Lares for Lases, etc.; cf. eram and sum, quaero and quaeso, nasus and naris. Appius Claudius, the censor, is said to have introduced r into the names Furius, Valerius, etc., in place of s, B.C. 312 (v. the letter R, II.).—

With d: Claudius, from the Sabine Clausus; and, on the other hand, rosa, corresp. to the Gr. rhodon; cf. Schneid. Gram. 1, p. 259.—

With t: tensus and tentus, resina corresp. to rhêtinê; and, on the contrary, aggrettus for aggressus; mertare, pultare, for mersare, pulsare (perh. also assentor for assensor).—

With x; v. that letter.—

S is assimilated before f in the compounds of dis: differo, difficilis, diffluo, etc.; v. 3. dis.— On the other hand, it arises by assimilation from d, in assum, assumo, cessi, for adsum, adsumo, ced-si; from t in fassus, from fateor; from b in jussi, from jubeo; from m in pressi, from premo; from r in gessi, from gero; and dossuarius, from dorsum. —

As an abbreviation, S denotes sacrum, semis, sibi, suis, etc.; S. AS. D., sub asciā dedicavit; S. C., senatusconsultum; perh. also, sententia collegii (Inscr. Orell. 2385); S. P., sua pecunia; S. P. Q. R., Senatus Populusque Romanus, etc.

S, s, indecl. n. or (agreeing with littera) f.

The eighteenth letter of the Latin alphabet, corresponding in form to the old Greek S for S (Etruscan in a reversed form,);

in its nature a sibilant semi-vowel, whose peculiarities were much discussed by the ancients, and are even treated of in a special work by Messala, a contemporary of Augustus (Messala in libro de S littera,

Quint. 1, 7, 23; cf. Mart. Cap. 3, § 245).—

As an initial and medial it has a hard and sharp sound (which is softened, however, between two vowels), and is therefore joined only with the tenues (c, p, t; cf., on the contrary, the Gr. sbennumi);

and, as a medial, often written double after long vowels: caussa, cassus, divissiones (these forms, used by Cicero and Vergil, were already uncommon in Quintilian's time,

Quint. 1, 7, 20; v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 283 sq.).—

As a final it had a weakened sound, and therefore not only admitted the medial b before it (plebs, urbs, abs; Arabs, chalybs, etc.; v. the letter B), but often entirely disappeared. So in the ante-class. poets down to the early years of Cicero (and also in his own poem, entitled Aratus, written in his youth), before words beginning with a consonant, to avoid position: Ratu' Romulus, Fulviu' Nobilior, gravi' Terra, est sati' bella, Hyperioni' cursum, Virgine' nam sibi, etc.; cf. Cic. Or. 48, 161; Quint. 9, 4, 38; and v. Freund, in Jahn's Neue Jahrb. 1835, XIII. p. 25 sq.; less freq. before words beginning with a vowel, in which case, to avoid a hiatus, the vowel before s was also elided; vas' argenteis (for vasis argenteis) and palm' et crinibus (for palmis et crinibus); v. Cic. Or. 45, 153. So, too, in the fourth Epitaph of the Scipios (Inscr. Orell. 553), L. CORNELIO L. F. instead of CORNELIOS (cf. a similar elision of the M under that letter). Final s is also elided, and the preceding vowel either dropped with it or weakened, in the forms sat from satis, mage from magis; in the neutr. forms of adjectives of the third declension, acre, agreste, facile (v. the letter E); in the collat. forms of the sec. pers. sing. pass., fatere, fateare, fatebare, etc.; in the gen. sing. of the first, second, and fifth declensions, and in the nom. plur. of the first and second declensions (aurai for aura-is, analog. to reg is, etc.). Lastly, s disappears in the (mostly familiar) collat. forms abin', scin', viden', satin', from abisne, scisne, videsne, satisne, etc.—

As an etymological initial aspirate, s appears in many words whose Greek equivalents begin with a vowel: sal, semi-, serpo, sex, super, sus, corresp. to hals, hêmi-, herpô, hex, huper, us, etc.; si (archaic sei), sero, Segesta, corresp. to ei, ERÔ (whence eirô), Egesta. Less freq. in radical words beginning with a consonant: sculpo corresp. to gluphô, and the derivatives scruta, from grutê, and scrupedae, from kroupeza. To soften the termination, s appears in abs = ab, and ex corresp. to ek.—Very freq., on the contrary, an initial s appears in cognate forms in other languages, where corresp. Latin words have lost the s: Lat. fallo, Gr. sphallô; fungus, Gr. sphongos; fides, Gr. sphidê (comp. also nix with Engl. [p. 1609] snow, nurus with old Germ. snur, daughterin-law); cf. also cutis and scutum; cauda and root sku-, in Goth. skauts, etc.; casa and Gr. skia, skênê; cerno and Gr. krinô for skirnô, skôr, skôria; calumnia and skallô; gradior and root scra-, Germ. schreiten; parco and sparnos; penuria and spanis; pando and spaô; tego and stegô; tono and stonos; taurus and Sanscr. sthūras, Germ. Stier al.; v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, p. 277 sqq.—In the middle of a word s is dropped in at from ast.—

S is interchanged,

Most freq. with r; in partic., an original s, between two vowels, becomes r; v. Varr. L. L. 7, § 26 Müll.; so foederum for foedesum, plurima for plusima, meliorem for meliosem, Lares for Lases, etc.; cf. eram and sum, quaero and quaeso, nasus and naris. Appius Claudius, the censor, is said to have introduced r into the names Furius, Valerius, etc., in place of s, B.C. 312 (v. the letter R, II.).—

With d: Claudius, from the Sabine Clausus; and, on the other hand, rosa, corresp. to the Gr. rhodon; cf. Schneid. Gram. 1, p. 259.—

With t: tensus and tentus, resina corresp. to rhêtinê; and, on the contrary, aggrettus for aggressus; mertare, pultare, for mersare, pulsare (perh. also assentor for assensor).—

With x; v. that letter.—

S is assimilated before f in the compounds of dis: differo, difficilis, diffluo, etc.; v. 3. dis.— On the other hand, it arises by assimilation from d, in assum, assumo, cessi, for adsum, adsumo, ced-si; from t in fassus, from fateor; from b in jussi, from jubeo; from m in pressi, from premo; from r in gessi, from gero; and dossuarius, from dorsum. —

As an abbreviation, S denotes sacrum, semis, sibi, suis, etc.; S. AS. D., sub asciā dedicavit; S. C., senatusconsultum; perh. also, sententia collegii (Inscr. Orell. 2385); S. P., sua pecunia; S. P. Q. R., Senatus Populusque Romanus, etc.

trans-fĕro, tŭli, lātum (also written trālātum), ferre, v. a., to bear across; to carry or bring over; to convey over, transport, transfer (syn.: traduco, traicio).

Lit.

In gen.:

cadum modo hinc a me huc cum vino transferam,

Plaut. Stich. 5, 1, 7:

hoc (simulacrum Dianae) translatum Carthaginem,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 33, § 72:

mustela catulos suos cottidie transfert mutatque sedem,

Plin. 29, 4, 16, § 59:

Caesar paulo ultra eum locum castra transtulit,

Caes. B. C. 3, 66:

castra trans Peneum,

Liv. 42, 60, 3:

castra Baetim, Auct. B. Alex. 60, 5: signa ex statione,

Caes. B. C. 1, 60:

signa,

id. ib. 1, 74:

ad se ornamenta ex his (hortis),

Cic. Phil. 3, 12, 30:

copias in Boeotiam,

Just. 2, 14, 3.—

Of personal objects: illinc huc transferetur virgo,

Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 13:

Naevius trans Alpes usque transfertur,

Cic. Quint. 3, 12; cf.:

ex hoc hominum numero in impiorum partem atque in parricidarum coetum ac numerum transferetis?

id. Sull. 28, 77:

o Venus... vocantis Ture te multo Glycerae decoram Transfer in aedem,

transport thyself, Hor. C. 1, 30, 4.—

In partic.

Botanical t. t., of plants, to transplant; to transfer by grafting (syn. transero):

semina, quae transferuntur e terrā in terram,

Varr. R. R. 1, 39, 3; cf. id. ib. 1, 40, 4; Col. Arb. 1, 5; 20, 2:

videndum quā ex arbore in quam transferatur,

Varr. R. R. 1, 40, 5; 1, 41, 1:

omnia translata meliora grandioraque fiunt,

Plin. 19, 12, 60, § 183.—

To transfer by writing from one book into another; to copy, transcribe (syn. transcribo):

litterae... de tabulis in libros transferuntur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 77, § 189; so,

rationes in tabulas,

id. Rosc. Com. 3, 8:

de tuo edicto in meum totidem verbis,

id. Fam. 3, 8, 4:

versus translati,

Suet. Ner. 52.—

To carry along, carry in public, bear in triumph (rare):

triduum triumphavit. Die primo arma tela signaque aerea et marmorea transtulit,

Liv. 34, 52, 4:

in eo triumpho XLIX. coronae aureae translatae sunt,

id. 37, 58, 4:

tantundem auri atque argenti in eo triumpho translatum,

id. 39, 42, 4:

transtulit in triumpho multa militaria signa spoliaque alia,

id. 45, 43, 4:

cum in triumpho Caesaris eborea oppida essent translata,

Quint. 6, 3, 61.—

Trop.

In gen., to convey, direct, transport, transfer:

in Celtiberiam bellum transferre,

Caes. B. C. 1, 61:

cum videat omne ad se bellum translatum,

id. B. G. 7, 8; Liv. 3, 68, 13:

concilium Lutetiam,

Caes. B. G. 6, 3:

disciplina in Britannia reperta atque inde in Galliam translata esse existimatur,

id. ib. 6, 13:

sed, si placet, sermonem alio transferamus,

turn, direct, Cic. de Or. 1, 29, 133:

translatos alio maerebis amores,

Hor. Epod. 15, 23:

amorem huc,

Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 94:

amorem In mares,

Ov. M. 10, 84:

similitudinem ab oculis ad animum,

Cic. Off. 1, 4, 14:

animum ad accusandum,

id. Mur. 22, 46:

quod ab Ennio positum in unā re transferri in multas potest,

id. Off. 1, 16, 51:

definitionem in aliam rem,

id. Ac. 2, 14, 43:

hoc idem transfero in magistratus,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 51, § 126:

nihil est enim, quod de suo genere in aliud genus transferri possit,

id. Ac. 2, 16, 50:

culpam in alios,

id. Font. 4, 8; id. Att. 15, 28:

transferendi in nos criminis causa,

id. Sest. 38, 82:

suscepere duo manipulares imperium populi Romani transferendum et transtulerunt,

Tac. H. 1, 25: invidiam criminis, i. e. to avert from one ' s self, id. A. 2, 66:

ut quisque obvius, quamvis leviter audita in alios transferunt,

id. ib. 2, 82:

in jus Latii nationes Alpium,

id. ib. 15, 32:

ad se Lacedaemonii arma,

Just. 5, 1, 8; 38, 1, 8.—With se, to turn one ' s attention, devote one ' s self:

se ad artes componendas,

Cic. Brut. 12, 48:

se ad album et rubricas,

Quint. 12, 3, 11:

se ad genus dicendi,

Tac. Or. 19.—In eccl. Lat., to remove from the world without death:

translatus in paradisum,

Vulg. Ecclus. 44, 16; id. Heb. 11, 5.—

In partic.

To put off, postpone, defer, in respect of time (syn.: differo, prolato): causa haec integra in proximum annum transferetur, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 9, 2:

subito reliquit annum suum seseque in proximum annum transtulit,

i. e. postponed his suit, Cic. Mil. 9, 24.—

Of speaking or writing.

To [p. 1890] translate into another language (cf.:

verto, reddo, interpretor, exprimo): istum ego locum totidem verbis a Dicaearcho transtuli,

Cic. Att. 6, 2, 3; cf.:

si ad eorum cognitionem divina illa ingenia transferrem... locos quidem quosdam transferam, et maxime ab iis quos modo nominavi,

id. Fin. 1, 3, 7:

analogia, quam proxime ex Graeco transferentes in Latinum proportionem vocaverunt,

Quint. 1, 6, 3:

qui haec ex Graeco transtulerunt,

id. 2, 15, 21:

volumina in linguam Latinam,

Plin. 18, 3, 5, § 22:

quod Cicero his verbis transfert, etc.,

Quint. 5, 11, 27: kat antilêpsin Latine ad verbum translatum non invenio, id. 7, 4, 4; 7, 4, 7:

simul quae legentem fefellissent, transferentem fugere non possunt,

Plin. Ep. 7, 9, 2.—

To transfer to a secondary or figurative signification, to use figuratively or tropically:

utemur verbis aut iis, quae propria sunt... aut iis, quae transferuntur et quasi alieno in loco collocantur,

Cic. de Or. 3, 37, 149; cf. Quint. 8, 6, 5 sq.; 9, 1, 4:

cum verbum aliquod altius transfertur,

Cic. Or. 25, 82:

translata verba atque immutata. Translata dico, ut saepe jam, quae per similitudinem ab aliā re aut suavitatis aut inopiae causā transferuntur,

id. ib. 27, 92:

intexunt fabulas, verba apertius transferunt,

id. ib. 19, 65.—

Rhet. t. t.:

translatum exordium est, quod aliud conficit, quam causae genus postulat,

Cic. Inv. 1, 18, 26; cf. Quint. 4, 2, 71.—

To apply, make use of (for a new purpose, etc.):

hoc animi vitium ad utilitatem non transferemus,

Quint. 6, 2, 30; cf.:

inde stellionum nomine in male translato,

Plin. 30, 10, 27, § 89 Jan. (al. in maledictum; cf. 2. b. supra).—

To change, transform:

omnia In species translata novas,

Ov. M. 15, 420:

civitas verterat se transtuleratque,

Tac. H. 4, 11; cf.:

cum ebur et robur in o litteram secundae syllabae transferunt,

Quint. 1, 6, 22.