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1 dickenssch
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2 de la época de Dickens
• Dickensian• from the time of Dickens -
3 antiquiert
Dickensian [old-fashioned] -
4 диккенсовский
General subject: Dickensian -
5 относящийся к Диккенсу
General subject: DickensianУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > относящийся к Диккенсу
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6 относящийся к Ч. Диккенсу
General subject: DickensianУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > относящийся к Ч. Диккенсу
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7 dickensowski
The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > dickensowski
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8 Heaviside, Oliver
[br]b. 18 May 1850 London, Englandd. 2 February 1925 Torquay, Devon, England[br]English physicist who correctly predicted the existence of the ionosphere and its ability to reflect radio waves.[br]Brought up in poor, almost Dickensian, circumstances, at the age of 13 years Heaviside, a nephew by marriage of Sir Charles Wheatstone, went to Camden House Grammar School. There he won a medal for science, but he was forced to leave because his parents could not afford the fees. After a year of private study, he began his working life in Newcastle in 1870 as a telegraph operator for an Anglo-Dutch cable company, but he had to give up after only four years because of increasing deafness. He therefore proceeded to spend his time studying theoretical aspects of electrical transmission and communication, and moved to Devon with his parents in 1889. Because the operation of many electrical circuits involves transient phenomena, he found it necessary to develop what he called operational calculus (which was essentially a form of the Laplace transform calculus) in order to determine the response to sudden voltage and current changes. In 1893 he suggested that the distortion that occurred on long-distance telephone lines could be reduced by adding loading coils at regular intervals, thus creating a matched-transmission line. Between 1893 and 1912 he produced a series of writings on electromagnetic theory, in one of which, anticipating a conclusion of Einstein's special theory of relativity, he put forward the idea that the mass of an electric charge increases with its velocity. When it was found that despite the curvature of the earth it was possible to communicate over very great distances using radio signals in the so-called "short" wavebands, Heaviside suggested the presence of a conducting layer in the ionosphere that reflected the waves back to earth. Since a similar suggestion had been made almost at the same time by Arthur Kennelly of Harvard, this layer became known as the Kennelly-Heaviside layer.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRS 1891. Institution of Electrical Engineers Faraday Medal 1924. Honorary PhD Gottingen. Honorary Member of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.Bibliography1872. "A method for comparing electro-motive forces", English Mechanic (July).1873. Philosophical Magazine (February) (a paper on the use of the Wheatstone Bridge). 1889, Electromagnetic Waves.1892, Electrical Papers.1893–1912, Electromagnetic Theory.Further ReadingI.Catt (ed.), 1987, Oliver Heaviside, The Man, St Albans: CAM Publishing.P.J.Nahin, 1988, Oliver Heaviside, Sage in Solitude: The Life and Works of an Electrical Genius of the Victorian Age, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, New York.J.B.Hunt, The Maxwellians, Ithaca: Cornell University Press.See also: Appleton, Sir Edward VictorKF -
9 Wedgwood, Ralph
SUBJECT AREA: Paper and printing[br]fl. late eighteenth/early nineteenth century London, England[br]English inventor of carbon paper.[br]Wedgwood was descended from Thomas Wedgwood, the father of Josiah Wedgwood, the founder of the famous pottery firm. In 1806, he patented an apparatus for making copies of handwritten documents, Wedgwood's Stylographic Writer. It was originally developed with the intention of helping the blind to write and had a metal stylus instead of a quill pen: a piece of paper that had been soaked in printer's ink and then dried was placed between two sheets of paper, and wires placed across the page guided the stylus in the hand of the blind writer.A few years later Wedgwood developed this apparatus into a way of making a copy of a letter at the time of writing. He used impregnated paper, which he called carbonic or carbonated paper, the first known reference to carbon paper. It was placed between a sheet of good quality writing paper and one of thin, transparent paper. By writing with the stylus on the thin paper, a good copy appeared on the lower sheet, while a reverse copy appeared on the underside of the other, which could be read right way round through the transparent paper. In its final form, the Manifold Stylographic Writer was put on sale, elegantly presented between marbled covers. Eventually a company was established to make and sell the writer, and by 1818 it was in the name of Wedgwood's son, R.Wedgwood Jun. of Rathbone Place, Oxford Street, London. Many of the writers were sold, although they never came into general use in offices, which preferred battalions of Dickensian Bob Cratchits armed with quill pens. Wedgwood himself did not share in the family prosperity, for his pathetic letters to his daughter show that he had to hawk his apparatus to raise the price of his next meal.[br]Further ReadingW.B.Proudfoot, 1972, The Origin of Stencil Duplicating, London: Hutchinson.LRD
См. также в других словарях:
Dickensian — ► ADJECTIVE ▪ reminiscent of the novels of Charles Dickens (1812 1870), especially in terms of the urban poverty that they portray … English terms dictionary
Dickensian — adjective /dɪkɛnziæn/ a) Of or pertaining to or, especially, his writings. As though in expiation of their sires wealth, schoolboys often had to live in conditions that would have disgraced a Dickensian workhouse. b) Reminiscent of the… … Wiktionary
Dickensian — Dic|ken|si|an [dıˈkenziən] adj Dickensian buildings, living conditions etc are poor, dirty, and unpleasant ▪ a single mother living in a Dickensian block of flats … Dictionary of contemporary English
Dickensian — adjective Dickensian buildings, living conditions etc are poor, dirty, and unpleasant: a single mother living in a Dickensian block of flats … Longman dictionary of contemporary English
Dickensian — /dəˈkɛnziən/ (say duh kenzeeuhn) adjective 1. of or relating to Charles Dickens or his works. 2. of or relating to conditions of social decay or poverty such as are portrayed in the novels of Dickens: Dickensian squalor. 3. of or relating to an… …
Dickensian — adjective see Dickens … New Collegiate Dictionary
Dickensian — See Dickens, Charles John Huffam. * * * … Universalium
Dickensian — Dick|en|si|an [ dı kenziən ] adjective typical of the novels of Charles Dickens or of 19th century England as he described it … Usage of the words and phrases in modern English
Dickensian — Charles Dickens (1812 1870) was one of the most popular English novelists, and the most popular of his lifetime. He became the recognized exponent of the English Victorian character. His conscience became the public voice of England, awakening … Dictionary of eponyms
Dickensian — adj. pertaining to Charles Dickens or his style of writing … English contemporary dictionary
Dickensian — [dɪ kɛnzɪən] adjective reminiscent of the novels of Charles Dickens, especially in terms of the poverty and squalor that they portray … English new terms dictionary
