development+trust

société [sɔsjete]

1. feminine noun

   a. ( = groupe, communauté) society

• la société society

• la vie en société life in society

• la société de consommation/de loisirs the consumer/leisure society

• dans la bonne société in polite society

• la haute société high society

   b. ( = club) (littéraire) society ; (sportif) club

• société de pêche angling club

• société secrète/savante secret/learned society

• la Société protectrice des animaux ≈ the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (Brit), ≈ the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (US)

   c. ( = firme) company

• société financière finance company

2. compounds

► société anonyme ≈ limited (liability) company ; (ouverte au public) ≈ public limited company

► société commerciale trading company

► société de crédit finance company

► société écran bogus company

► Société nationale des chemins de fer français French national railway company

► société à responsabilité limitée limited liability company

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+1! Dans le sens commercial, société se traduit par company.

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1) gén, Sociologie society

2) ( groupe spécifique) society

3) ( entreprise) company

4) ( vie mondaine) society

5) ( compagnie) fml company, society sout

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société nf

1 Sociol society; vivre en société to live in society; la vie en société life in society;

2 ( communauté humaine) society; la place de l'enfant dans la société the place of children in society;

3 ( groupe humain) society; les sociétés primitives/modernes primitive/modern societies; dans notre société in our society;

4 ( groupe spécifique) society; société savante/secrète learned/secret society; société d'écrivains/d'artistes writers'/artists' society; société de chasse/pêche/tir hunting/angling/shooting club;

5 Ind, Jur, Fin company; constituer une société to set up a company; société d'emballage/de nettoyage packaging/cleaning company;

6 ( vie mondaine) society; en société in society; faire ses débuts dans la société to make one's debut in society; la bonne/haute société polite/high society;

7 ( compagnie) company, society sout; rechercher la société de qn to seek sb's company; dans la société de qn in sb's company.

société d'abondance affluent society; société par actions Jur, Fin joint stock company; société anonyme, SA public company; société d'assistance Assur motoring organization GB, automobile club; société de Bourse Fin broking firm; société civile Sociol society; Jur, Fin non-trading company; société civile immobilière, SCI investment company that rents out property; société commerciale Jur, Fin business firm; société de consommation consumer society; société d'économie mixte semi-public company; société écran dummy company; société d'exploitation development company; société fiduciaire trust company; société d'investissement investment company; société en nom collectif, SNC general partnership; société à responsabilité limitée, SARL private company; société de services service company; société à succursales multiples chain store; Société de Jésus Relig Society of Jesus; Société des Nations, SDN Hist League of Nations.

[sɔsjete] nom féminin

1. SOCIOLOGIE

2. (littéraire) [présence] company, society

3. (familier) [personnes réunies] company, gathering

4. [catégorie de gens] society

5. [association - de gens de lettres, de savants] society ; [ - de sportifs] club

la Société protectrice des animaux → link=SPA SPA

6. COMMERCE & DROIT & ÉCONOMIE company, firm

société d'investissement à capital variable → link=SICAV SICAV

Société nationale des chemins de fer français → link=SNCF SNCF

7. BANQUE

8. DROIT

9. INFORMATIQUE

10. LOISIRS

1) ( развитие трестов) development / formation of trusts

2) ( образование треста) organization of a trust

SUBJECT AREA: Agricultural and food technology

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A farmer's son, at the age of 17 McKay developed modifications to the existing stripper harvester and created a machine that would not only strip the seed from standing corn, but was able to produce a threshed, winnowed and clean sample in one operation. The prototype was produced in 1884 and worked well on the two acres of wheat that had been set aside on the family farm. By arrangement with a Melbourne plough maker, five machines were made and sold for the 1885 season. In 1886 the McKay Harvester Company was formed, with offices at Ballarat, from which the machines, built by various companies, were sold. The business expanded quickly, selling sixty machines in 1888, and eventually rising to the production of nearly 2,000 harvesters in 1905. The name "Sunshine" was given to the harvester, and the "Sun" prefix was to appear on all other implements produced by the company as it diversified its production interests. In 1902 severe drought reduced machinery sales and left 2,000 harvesters unsold. McKay was forced to look to export markets to dispose of his surplus machines. By 1914 a total of 10,000 machines were being exported annually. During the First World War McKay was appointed to the Business Board of the Defence Department. Increases in the scale of production resulted in the company moving to Melbourne, where it was close to the port of entry of raw materials and was able to export the finished article more readily. In 1909 McKay produced one of the first gas-engined harvesters, but its cost prevented it from being more than an experimental prototype. By this time McKay was the largest agricultural machinery manufacturer in the Southern hemisphere, producing a wide range of implements, including binders. In 1916 McKay hired Headlie Taylor, who had developed a machine capable of harvesting fallen crops. The jointly developed machine was a major success, coming as it did in what would otherwise have been a disastrous Australian harvest. Further developments included the "Sun Auto-header" in 1923, the first of the harvesting machines to adopt the "T" configuration to be seen on modern harvesters. The Australian market was expanding fast and a keen rivalry developed between McKay and Massey Harris. Confronted by the tariff regulations with which the Australian Government had protected its indigenous machinery industry since 1906, Massey Harris sold all its Australian assets to the H.V. McKay company in 1930. Twenty-three years later Massey Ferguson acquired the old Sunshine works and was still operating from there in the 1990s.

Despite a long-running history of wage disputes with his workforce, McKay established a retiring fund as well as a self-help fund for distressed cases. Before his death he created a charitable trust and requested that some funds should be made available for the "aerial experiments" which were to lead to the establishment of the Flying Doctor Service.

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SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy, Railways and locomotives

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Reynolds was born into a Quaker family, his father being an iron merchant and a considerable customer for the products of the Darbys (see Abraham Darby) of Coalbrookdale in Shropshire. After education at a Quaker boarding school in Pickwick, Wiltshire, Reynolds was apprenticed to William Fry, a grocer of Bristol, from whom he would have learned business methods. The year before the expiry of his apprenticeship in 1757, Reynolds was being sent on business errands to Coalbrookdale. In that year he met and married Hannah Darby, the daughter of Abraham Darby II. At the same time, he acquired a half-share in the Ketley ironworks, established not long before, in 1755. There he supervised not only the furnaces at Ketley and Horsehay and the foundry, but also the extension of the railway, linking this site to Coalbrookdale itself.

On the death of Abraham Darby II in 1763, Reynolds took charge of the whole works during the minority of Abraham Darby III. During this period, the most notable development was the introduction by the Cranage brothers of a new way of converting pig-iron to wrought iron, a process patented in 1766 that used coal in a reverberatory furnace. This, with other processes for the same purpose, remained in use until superseded by the puddling process patented by Henry Cort in 1783 and 1784. Reynolds's most important innovation was the introduction of cast-iron rails in 1767 on the railway around Coalbrookdale. A useful network had been in operation for some time with wooden rails, but these wore out quickly and were expensive to maintain. Reynolds's iron rails were an immediate improvement, and some 20 miles (32 km) were laid within a short time. In 1768 Abraham Darby III was able to assume control of the Coalbrookdale works, but Reynolds had been extending his own interest in other ironworks and various other concerns, earning himself considerable wealth. When Darby was oppressed with loan repayments, Reynolds bought the Manor of Madely, which made him Landlord of the Coalbrookdale Company; by 1780 he was virtually banker to the company.

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