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121 наработки
1) General subject: work in progress, groundwork (Но и у нас есть немало наработок - We've done a good deal of groundwork too), know-how (some contexts), progress (some contexts), best practice2) Economy: best practices (англ. контекстуальный перевод приводится по: Палажченко П.Р. Мой несистематический словарь (Из записной книжки переводчика). — 6-е изд., стереотипное, — М.: Р. Валент, 2002), know-how (англ. контекстуальный перевод приводится по: Палажченко П.Р. Мой несистематический словарь (Из записной книжки переводчика). — 6-е изд., стереотипное, — М.: Р. Валент, 2002)3) Research and development: exploratory work (англ. контекстуальный перевод приводится по: Палажченко П.Р. Мой несистематический словарь (Из записной книжки переводчика). — 6-е изд., стереотипное, — М.: Р. Валент, 2002), preliminary work (англ. контекстуальный перевод приводится по: Палажченко П.Р. Мой несистематический словарь (Из записной книжки переводчика). — 6-е изд., стереотипное, — М.: Р. Валент, 2002), exploratory studies (англ. контекстуальный перевод приводится по: Палажченко П.Р. Мой несистематический словарь (Из записной книжки переводчика). — 6-е изд., стереотипное, — М.: Р. Валент, 2002), preliminary studies (англ. контекстуальный перевод приводится по: Палажченко П.Р. Мой несистематический словарь (Из записной книжки переводчика). — 6-е изд., стереотипное, — М.: Р. Валент, 2002), pilot projects (англ. контекстуальный перевод приводится по: Палажченко П.Р. Мой несистематический словарь (Из записной книжки переводчика). — 6-е изд., стереотипное, — М.: Р. Валент, 2002) -
122 hatua
------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -piga hatua[English Word] take measures[Part of Speech] verb[Swahili Definition] kufanya tendo linalofaa jambo fulani------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] hatua[Swahili Plural] hatua[English Word] action[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9/10------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] hatua[English Word] development[Part of Speech] noun------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] hatua[Swahili Plural] hatua[English Word] measure[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9/10------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] hatua[English Word] opportunity[Part of Speech] noun------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] hatua[English Word] possibility[Part of Speech] noun------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] hatua[English Word] progress[Part of Speech] noun------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] hatua[Swahili Plural] hatua[English Word] stage (in progress)[English Plural] stages[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9/10[Derived Word] Arabic[Swahili Example] alisha fikia hatua ya kumlaza kitandani [Muk]------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] hatua[Swahili Plural] hatua[English Word] step[English Plural] steps[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9/10[Swahili Example] hatua chache tu mbele yake [Sul], anapiga hatua mbili na kufikia kabati moja la nguo [Muk]------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] hatua[Swahili Plural] hatua[English Word] pace[English Plural] paces[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9/10[Swahili Example] pima kwa hatua; ni hatua tu------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] hatua[Swahili Plural] hatua[English Word] punishment[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9/10------------------------------------------------------------ -
123 Schritt
Imperf. schreiten* * *der Schrittfootstep; footfall; gait; step; pace; stride* * *Schrịtt [ʃrɪt]m -(e)s, -emit schnellen/langsamen Schritten — quickly/slowly, with quick/slow steps
mit schleppenden Schritten — dragging one's feet, with dragging feet
kleine or kurze/große or lange Schritte machen — to take small steps/long strides
ich habe seit Wochen keinen/kaum einen Schritt aus dem Haus getan — I haven't/have hardly set foot outside the house for weeks
die ersten Schritte machen or tun — to take one's first steps; (fig) to take the first step
den Schritt tun (fig) — to take the plunge
Schritte gegen jdn/etw unternehmen — to take steps against sb/sth
ein großer Schritt sein hin zu... (fig) — to be a huge step towards...
ich würde sogar noch einen Schritt weiter gehen und behaupten... — I would go even further and maintain...
im gleichen Schritt und Tritt (lit, fig) — in step
auf Schritt und Tritt (lit, fig) — wherever or everywhere one goes
Schritt für or um Schritt — step by step; (fig auch) little by little, gradually
2) (= Gang) walk, gait; (= Tempo) paceSchritt halten (lit, fig) — to keep pace, to keep up
haben — to walk quickly/incredibly quickly
gemessenen/leichten/langsamen Schrittes (geh) — with measured/light/slow step(s) or tread
seinen Schritt or seine Schritte beschleunigen/verlangsamen (geh) —
3) (= Schrittgeschwindigkeit) walking pace(im) Schritt fahren — to go at a crawl, to drive at walking speed
"Schritt fahren" — "dead slow" (Brit), "slow"
im Schritt reiten/gehen — to go at a walk
4) (Maßangabe) ≈ yard5) (= Hosenschritt) crotch; (= Schrittweite) crotch measurement* * *der1) (the sound of a foot: She heard his footsteps on the stairs.) footstep2) (a step: He took a pace forward.) pace3) (one movement of the foot in walking, running, dancing etc: He took a step forward; walking with hurried steps.) step4) (the distance covered by this: He moved a step or two nearer; The restaurant is only a step (= a short distance) away.) step5) (the sound made by someone walking etc: I heard (foot) steps.) step6) (a particular movement with the feet, eg in dancing: The dance has some complicated steps.) step7) (a stage in progress, development etc: Mankind made a big step forward with the invention of the wheel; His present job is a step up from his previous one.) step8) (an action or move (towards accomplishing an aim etc): That would be a foolish/sensible step to take; I shall take steps to prevent this happening again.) step9) (a long step: He walked with long strides.) stride10) (a way of walking or putting one's feet: I heard his heavy tread.) tread* * *<-[e]s, -e>[ʃrɪt]mer machte einen \Schritt zur Tür he took a step towards the doorich gehe nur ein paar \Schritte spazieren I'm only going for a short walksie hat seit Wochen kaum einen \Schritt aus dem Haus getan she has hardly set foot outside the house for weeksmit zwei \Schritten durchquerte er das Zimmer he crossed the room in two stridessie kam mit trippelnden \Schritten auf mich zu she tripped towards meder Schnee knirschte unter seinen \Schritten the snow crunched under his footstepsjds \Schritte beflügeln to hasten sb's stepdie Freude beflügelte meine \Schritte joy gave me wingsseine \Schritte beschleunigen/verlangsamen to quicken one's pace [or walk faster]/to slow one's pace [or stride]die ersten \Schritte machen [o tun] to take one's first stepsmit großen/kleinen \Schritten in big strides/small stepslangsame/schnelle \Schritte machen to walk slowly/quicklymit langsamen/schnellen \Schritten slowly/quicklymit schleppenden \Schritten dragging one's feeteinen \Schritt zur Seite gehen/zurücktreten to step aside/backer trat einen \Schritt von der Bahnsteigkante zurück he took a step back from the edge of the platform; s.a. Politikseinen \Schritt beschleunigen/verlangsamen to quicken one's pace [or walk faster]/to slow one's pace [or stride]eines beschwingten \Schrittes (geh) with a spring [or bounce] in one's stepjdn am \Schritt erkennen to recognize sb by his/her walk [or gait]einen flotten [o ziemlichen] \Schritt am Leibe haben to be walking quickly [or at a fair pace]der hat aber auch einen \Schritt am Leibe! he seems to be in a bit of a hurry!gemessenen/langsamen/leichten \Schrittes with measured/slow/light stepseines würdevollen \Schrittes with dignity in one's step3. (als Maßangabe) pacenur ein paar \Schritte entfernt only a few yards away from usin etwa 50 \Schritt[en] Entfernung at a distance of about 50 pacesmit 5 \Schritt[en] Abstand at a distance of five paces; (fig)sie ist der Konkurrenz immer ein paar \Schritte voraus she is always a few steps ahead of the competitionjdn einen großen [o guten] \Schritt voranbringen (fig) to take sb a lot furthereinen \Schritt weiter gehen (fig) to go a step furthereinen \Schritt zu weit gehen (fig) to go too far, to overstep the markim \Schritt gehen to walk in stepaus dem \Schritt kommen to get out of stepsie ritt im \Schritt auf ihn zu she walked her horse towards himim Schritt \Schritt to walk„\Schritt fahren“ “dead slow”8. (Maßnahme) measure, stepden ersten \Schritt [zu etw dat] tun to take the first step [in sth]; (mit etw beginnen) to take the first step; (als Erster handeln) to make the first movegerichtliche \Schritte einleiten to initiate judicial proceedings\Schritte [gegen jdn/etw] unternehmen to take steps [against sb/sth]\Schritte in die Wege leiten to arrange for steps [or measures] to be taken9.▶ \Schritt für \Schritt step by step, little by little▶ [mit jdm/etw] \Schritt halten to keep up [with sb/sth]mit der Zeit \Schritt halten to keep abreast of the times▶ auf \Schritt und Tritt everywhere one goes, every move one makessie folgte ihm auf \Schritt und Tritt she followed him wherever she wentsie wurde auf \Schritt und Tritt von ihm beobachtet he watched her every move▶ den zweiten \Schritt vor dem ersten tun to run before one can walk, to put the cart before the horse* * *der; Schritt[e]s, Schritte1) stepeinen Schritt zur Seite machen od. tun — take a step sideways
Schritt für Schritt — (auch fig.) step by step
den ersten Schritt machen od. tun — (fig.) (den Anfang machen) take the first step; (als erster handeln) make the first move
auf Schritt und Tritt — wherever one goes; at every step
2) Plural (Geräusch) footsteps3) (Entfernung) paceaus dem Schritt kommen od. geraten — get out of step
5) o. Pl. (des Pferdes) walk6) o. Pl. (Gangart) walkseinen Schritt verlangsamen/beschleunigen — slow/quicken one's pace
[mit jemandem/etwas] Schritt halten — (auch fig.) keep up or keep pace [with somebody/something]
7) (Schrittgeschwindigkeit) walking pace[im] Schritt fahren — go at walking pace or a crawl
‘Schritt fahren’ — ‘dead slow’
8) (fig.): (Maßnahme) step; measure9) (Teil der Hose, Genitalbereich) crotch* * *mit schnellen Schritten with quick steps, briskly;einen Schritt zur Seite tun step aside;Schritt für Schritt step by step; fig auch little by little, gradually;auf Schritt und Tritt (überall) at every turn;jemandem auf Schritt und Tritt folgen dog sb’s footsteps;es sind nur ein paar Schritte it’s not far;wegen der paar Schritte nehme ich nicht das Auto I’m not taking the car to go those few yards;jemandem drei Schritt vom Leibe bleiben umg give sb a wide berth2. fig (Maßnahme) step, move, besonders pl measures;Politik der kleinen Schritte step-by-step policy;rechtliche Schritte erwägen/einleiten consider/take legal action;der erste Schritt zur Besserung the first step on the road to improvement;mit großen Schritten with giant strides ( oder steps);den ersten Schritt tun take the first step; vor jemand anderem: make the first move;den zweiten Schritt vor dem ersten tun put the cart before the horse;den entscheidenden Schritt tun take the decisive step ( oder the plunge);wir sind keinen Schritt weitergekommen we haven’t made the slightest progress ( oder any headway at all);einen Schritt zu weit gehen overstep the mark;jemanden am Schritt erkennen recognize sb by (the sound of) his etc stepim Schritt at a walking pace;Schritt fahren! dead slow;ein Pferd (im) Schritt gehen lassen make a horse go at a walk;einen schnellen Schritt am Leib haben umg be a fast walker;der hat aber einen (schnellen) Schritt am Leib! auch you’ve got to run to keep up with him;5. meist sg; Hose, auch umg ANAT crotch;die Hose spannt im Schritt the trousers are tight in the crotch* * *der; Schritt[e]s, Schritte1) stepeinen Schritt zur Seite machen od. tun — take a step sideways
Schritt für Schritt — (auch fig.) step by step
den ersten Schritt machen od. tun — (fig.) (den Anfang machen) take the first step; (als erster handeln) make the first move
auf Schritt und Tritt — wherever one goes; at every step
2) Plural (Geräusch) footsteps3) (Entfernung) paceaus dem Schritt kommen od. geraten — get out of step
5) o. Pl. (des Pferdes) walk6) o. Pl. (Gangart) walkseinen Schritt verlangsamen/beschleunigen — slow/quicken one's pace
[mit jemandem/etwas] Schritt halten — (auch fig.) keep up or keep pace [with somebody/something]
7) (Schrittgeschwindigkeit) walking pace[im] Schritt fahren — go at walking pace or a crawl
‘Schritt fahren’ — ‘dead slow’
8) (fig.): (Maßnahme) step; measure9) (Teil der Hose, Genitalbereich) crotch* * *-e m.footfall n.footstep n.pace n.pas n.step n. -
124 prōgressiō
prōgressiō ōnis, f [pro + GRAD-], a going forward, progression, advancement, progress, growth, increase: omnium rerum principia suis progressionibus usa augentur: admirabilis ad excellentiam: rei militaris.—In rhet., a progression, climax.* * *progress/development; advance/forward movement; rising figure of speech; climax -
125 развитие
Развитие - evolution; advancement, progress (прогресс); development (разработка)Inspection of Fig. indicates that the evolution of the frozen layer is different depending on the axial station being considered.Strain gauges could thus be used to monitor the progress of vibratory stress relief.Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > развитие
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126 تقدم
1́ adj. advanced2́ n. advantage, ascertainment, crowd, progress, progression, propulsion, advancement, way, careerist, headway, promotion, going, move along, development, evolution, career, rise, procession, improvement, upturn, antecedence, priority, seniority3́ v. advance, break out, gain one's destination, go ahead!, forge ahead, forward, get forward, come on, pull ahead, shoot ahead, get along, move along, step, march, go onward, proceed, progress, work up to, keep step, take steps, move in, make up on4́ n. lead -
127 Castner, Hamilton Young
SUBJECT AREA: Chemical technology[br]b. 11 September 1858 Brooklyn, New York, USAd. 11 October 1899 Saranoe Lake, New York, USA[br]American chemist, inventor of the electrolytic production of sodium.[br]Around 1850, the exciting new metal aluminium began to be produced by the process developed by Sainte-Claire Deville. However, it remained expensive on account of the high cost of one of the raw materials, sodium. It was another thirty years before Castner became the first to work successfully the process for producing sodium, which consisted of heating sodium hydroxide with charcoal at a high temperature. Unable to interest American backers in the process, Castner took it to England and set up a plant at Oldbury, near Birmingham. At the moment he achieved commercial success, however, the demand for cheap sodium plummeted as a result of the development of the electrolytic process for producing aluminium. He therefore sought other uses for cheap sodium, first converting it to sodium peroxide, a bleaching agent much used in the straw-hat industry. Much more importantly, Castner persuaded the gold industry to use sodium instead of potassium cyanide in the refining of gold. With the "gold rush", he established a large market in Australia, the USA, South Africa and elsewhere, but the problem was to meet the demand, so Castner turned to the electrolytic method. At first progress was slow because of the impure nature of the sodium hydroxide, so he used a mercury cathode, with which the released sodium formed an amalgam. It then reacted with water in a separate compartment in the cell to form sodium hydroxide of a purity hitherto unknown in the alkali industry; chlorine was a valuable by-product.In 1894 Castner began to seek international patents for the cell, but found he had been anticipated in Germany by Kellner, an Austrian chemist. Preferring negotiation to legal confrontation, Castner exchanged patents and processes with Kellner, although the latter's had been less successful. The cell became known as the Castner-Kellner cell, but the process needed cheap electricity and salt, neither of which was available near Oldbury, so he set up the Castner-Kellner Alkali Company works at Runcorn in Cheshire; at the same time, a pilot plant was set up in the USA at Saltville, Virginia, with a larger plant being established at Niagara Falls.[br]Further ReadingA.Fleck, 1947, "The life and work of Hamilton Young Castner" (Castner Memorial Lecture), Chemistry and Industry 44:515-; Fifty Years of Progress: The Story of the Castner-Kellner Company, 1947.T.K.Derry and T.I.Williams, 1960, A Short History of Technology, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 549–50 (provides a summary of his work).LRDBiographical history of technology > Castner, Hamilton Young
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128 закономерность исторического развития
законы эволюции, законы развития — derivative laws
законы эволюции; законы развития — derivative laws
Русско-английский военно-политический словарь > закономерность исторического развития
См. также в других словарях:
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