-
41 Aufbau
Aufbau m 1. GEN structure; 2. GEN, V&M development; 3. LOGIS platform* * *m < Geschäft> structure* * *Aufbau
(Gestaltung) getup (coll.), (Karriere) island, (Struktur) set-up, framework, composition;
• im Aufbau begriffen in the initial stages;
• europäischer Aufbau building of Europe;
• institutioneller Aufbau institution building;
• Aufbau des Binnenmarktes (EU) development the a single market;
• Aufbau stabiler Handelsstrukturen establishment of stable trade structures;
• Aufbau der Industrie industrial organization (rehabilitation);
• Aufbau von Kinderbetreuungseinrichtungen development of childcare infrastructure;
• Aufbau eines Lagers buildup of stocks;
• Aufbau einer Organisation structure of an organization;
• Aufbau der öffentlichen Verwaltung institutional building;
• Aufbau der Wirtschaft economic structure;
• Aufbau eines aktiven Wohlfahrtsstaates development of an active welfare state;
• Aufbau einer Gesellschaft finanzieren to rehabilitate a company financially;
• Aufbauanleihe rehabilitation loan;
• Aufbauarbeit work of development;
• Aufbauarbeiten [re]construction work. -
42 Bibliography
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43 развитие сельских областей
развитие сельских областей
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
rural development
Any course destined to promote economic growth, modernization, increase in agricultural production and the creation of a framework in which to fulfill primary needs, such as education, health and supply of water in the rural areas. The attainment of such objectives depends in general on the type of administrative systems proposed for the various programmes and on the national political situation as regards, for instance land tenure, agrarian reform, the disbursement of assistance and food policy. (Source: GREMES)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
FR
Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > развитие сельских областей
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44 закладывать основу
•The book lays the groundwork for the important area of solid state physics and...
•He laid the groundwork (or foundation) for the discipline of ethology.
•The work of these pioneers was primarily responsible for the development of the theory.
* * *Закладывать основу (метаболизма)-- The reactions included in carbohydrate metabolism provide the basic framework of metabolic machinery. Закладывать основу -- to lay (down) the foundation (for), to lay the groundwork (for), to provide the basic framework (of)The foundations for a systematic and coherent body of knowledge were laid in the years 1880 to 1930 by the efforts of scientists and engineers in a number of countries.The foundations for these developments were laid down in the early 1960s.Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > закладывать основу
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45 Jenney, William Le Baron
[br]b. 25 September 1832 Fairhaven, Massachusetts, USAd. 15 June 1907 Los Angeles, California, USA[br]American architect and engineer who pioneered a method of steel-framed construction that made the skyscraper possible.[br]Jenney's Home Insurance Building in Chicago was completed in 1885 but demolished in 1931. It was the first building to rise above ten to twelve storeys and was possible because it did not require immensely thick walls on the lower storeys to carry the weight above. Using square-sectioned cast-iron wall piers, hollow cylindrical cast-iron columns on the interior and, across these, steel and cast-iron beams and girders, Jenney produced a load-bearing metal framework independent of the curtain walling. Beams and girders were united by ties as well as being bolted to the vertical members, so providing a strong framework to take the building load. Jenney went on to build in Chicago the Second Leiter Building (1889–91) and, in 1891, the Manhattan Building. He played a considerable part in the planning of the 1893 Chicago World's Fair. Jenney is accepted as having been the founder of the Chicago school of architecture, and he trained many of the later noted architects and builders of the city, such as William Holabird, Martin Roche and Louis Sullivan.[br]Further ReadingA.Woltersdorf, 1924, "The father of the skeleton frame building", Western Architecture 33.F.A.Randall, 1949, History of the Development of Building Construction in Chicago, Urbana: University of Illinois Press.C.Condit, 1964, The Chicago School of Architecture: A History of Commercial and Public Building in the Chicago Area 1875–1925, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.DYBiographical history of technology > Jenney, William Le Baron
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46 Need, Samuel
SUBJECT AREA: Textiles[br]b. 1718d. 14 April 1781 Bread Street, Cheapside, London, England[br]English manufacturer of hosiery who helped to finance Arkwright's spinning machine and early cotton mills.[br]Samuel Need was apprenticed as a framework knitter and entered the hosiery trade c. 1742. He was a Dissenter and later became an Independent Congregationalist. He married Elizabeth Gibson of Hacking, Middlesex, who survived him and died in 1781. He had a warehouse in Nottingham, where he was made a burgess in 1739–40. In 1747 he bought a mill there and had a house adjoining it, but in 1777 he bought an estate at Arnold, outside the city. From about 1759 he supported Jedediah Strutt and William Woollat in their development of Strutt's invention of the rib attachment to the knitting machine. Need became a partner with Strutt in 1762 over the patent and then they shared a joint hosiery business. When Arkwright sought financial assistance from Ichabod and John Wright, the Nottingham bankers, to develop his spinning mill in that town, the Wrights turned him over to Samuel Need. Need, having profited so much from the successful patent with Strutt, was ready to exploit another; on 19 January 1770 Need and Strutt, on payment of £500, became co-partners with Arkwright, Smalley and Thornley for the remainder of Arkwright's patent. In Need, Arkwright had secured the patronage of the leading hosier in Nottingham. Need was leader of the Hosiers' Federation in 1779 when the framework knitters petitioned Parliament to better their conditions. He gave evidence against the workers' demands and, when their bill failed, the Nottingham workers attacked first his Nottingham house and then the one at Arnold.Need was to remain a partner with Arkwright until his death in 1781. He was involved in die mill at Cromford and also with some later ones, such as the Birkacre mill near Chorley, Lancashire, in 1777. He made a fortune and died at his home in London.[br]Further ReadingM.L.Walker, 1963, A History of the Family of Need of Arnold, Nottinghamshire, London (a good biography).R.S.Fitton, 1989, The Arkwrights, Spinners of Fortune, Manchester (covers Need's relationship with Arkwright).R.S.Fitton and A.P.Wadsworth, 1958, The Strutts and the Arkwrights, 1758–1830, Manchester.S.D.Chapman, 1967, The Early Factory Masters, Newton Abbot (describes his wider contacts with the Midlands hosiery industry).RLH -
47 процесс
1) (ход развития) processвнутренние процессы — internal / domestic processes
процесс становления взаимосвязанного и целостного мира — process of asserting the interdependence and integrity of the world
2) (производственный) processвести процесс — to plead a cause, to carry on a lawsuit
выиграть процесс — to gain (one's) cause
гражданский процесс — lawsuit, suit, civil procedure
судебный процесс — cause, action, suit, litigation
начать судебный процесс — to take / to institute legal proceedings (against)
уголовный процесс — (criminal) trial / procedure
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48 Albert, Wilhelm August Julius
SUBJECT AREA: Mining and extraction technology[br]b. 24 January 1787 Hannover, Germanyd. 4 July 1846 Clausthal, Harz, Germany[br]German mining official, successful applier of wire cable.[br]After studying law at the University of Göttingen, Albert turned to the mining industry and in 1806 started his career in mining administration in the Harz district, where he became Chief Inspector of mines thirty years later. His influence on the organization of the mining industry was considerable and he contributed valuable ideas for the development of mining technology. For example, he initiated experiments with Reichenbach's water-column pump in Harz when it had been working successfully in the transportation of brine in Bavaria, and he encouraged Dörell to work on his miner's elevator.The increasing depths of shafts in the Harz district brought problems with hoisting as the ropes became too heavy and tended to break. At the beginning of the nineteenth century, iron link chains replaced the hempen ropes which were expensive and wore out too quickly, especially in the wet conditions in the shafts. After he had experimented for six years using counterbalancing iron link chains, which broke too easily, in 1834 he conceived the idea of producing stranded cables from iron wires. Their breaking strength and flexibility depended greatly on the softness of the iron and the way of laying the strands. Albert produced the cable by attaching the wires to strings which he turned evenly; this method became known as "Albert lay". He was not the first to conceive the idea of metal cables: there exists evidence for such cables as far back as Pompeii; Leonardo da Vinci made sketches of cables made from brass wires; and in 1780 the French engineer Reignier applied iron cables for lightning conductors. The idea also developed in various other mining areas, but Albert cables were the first to gain rapidly direct common usage worldwide.[br]Bibliography1835, "Die Anfertigung von Treibseilen aus geflochtenem Eisendraht", Karstens Archiv 8: 418–28.Further ReadingK.Karmarsch, "W.A.J.Albert", Allgemeine deutsche Biographie 1:212–3.W.Bornhardt, 1934, W.A.J.Albert und die Erfindung der Eisendrahtseile, Berlin (a detailed description of his inventions, based on source material).C.Bartels, 1992, Vom frühneuzeitlichen Montangewerbe zur Bergbauindustrie, Bochum: Deut sches Bergbau-Museum (evaluates his achievements within the framework of technological development in the Harz mining industry).WKBiographical history of technology > Albert, Wilhelm August Julius
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49 Rammler, Erich
[br]b. 9 July 1901 Tirpersdorf, near Oelsnitz, Germanyd. 6 November 1986 Freiberg, Saxony, Germany[br]German mining engineer, developer of metallurgic coke from lignite.[br]A scholar of the Mining Academy in Freiberg, who in his dissertation dealt with the fineness of coal dust, Rammler started experiments in 1925 relating to firing this material. In the USA this process, based on coal, had turned out to be very effective in large boiler furnaces. Rammler endeavoured to apply the process to lignite and pursued general research work on various thermochemical problems as well as methods of grinding and classifying. As producing power from lignite was of specific interest for the young Soviet Union, with its large demand from its new power stations and its as-yet unexploited lignite deposits, he soon came into contact with the Soviet authorities. In his laboratory in Dresden, which he had bought from the freelance metallurgist Paul Otto Rosin after his emigration and under whom he had been working since he left the Academy, he continued his studies in refining coal and soon gained an international reputation. He opened up means of producing coke from lignite for use in metallurgical processes.His later work was of utmost importance after the Second World War when several countries in Eastern Europe, especially East Germany with its large lignite deposits, established their own iron and steel industries. Accordingly, the Soviet administration supported his experiments vigorously after he joined Karl Kegel's Institute for Briquetting in Freiberg in 1945. Through his numerous books and articles, he became the internationally leading expert on refining lignite and Kegel's successor as head of the Institute and Professor at the Bergakademie. Six years later, he produced for the first time high-temperature coke from lignite low in ash and sulphur for smelting in low-shaft furnaces. Rammler was widely honoured and contributed decisively to the industrial development of his country; he demonstrated new technological processes when, under austere conditions, economical and ecological considerations were neglected.[br]BibliographyRammler, whose list of publications comprises more than 600 titles on various matters of his main scientific concern, also was the co-author (with E.Wächtler) of two articles on the development of briquetting brown coal in Germany, both published in 1985, Freiberger Forschungshefte, D 163 and D 169, Leipzig.Further ReadingE.Wächtler, W.Mühlfriedel and W.Michel, 1976, Erich Rammler, Leipzig, (substantial biography, although packed with communist propaganda).M.Rasch, 1989, "Paul Rosin—Ingenieur, Hochschullehrer und Rationalisierungsfachmann". Technikgeschichte 56:101–32 (describes the framework within which Rammler's primary research developed).WK -
50 Ванкуверская рамочная программа по укреплению партнерских отношений между государственным и частным секторами в области развития инфраструктуры
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > Ванкуверская рамочная программа по укреплению партнерских отношений между государственным и частным секторами в области развития инфраструктуры
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51 Манильское рамочное соглашение об укреплении экономического сотрудничества и развития
Foreign Ministry: Manila Framework for Strengthening Economic Cooperation and DevelopmentУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > Манильское рамочное соглашение об укреплении экономического сотрудничества и развития
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52 Рамочная программа Организации Объединённых Наций по оказанию помощи в целях развития
General subject: United Nations Development Assistance Framework (ООН)Универсальный русско-английский словарь > Рамочная программа Организации Объединённых Наций по оказанию помощи в целях развития
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53 Рамочная программа по укреплению экономического сотрудничества и развития
Foreign Ministry: Framework for Strengthening Economic Cooperation and DevelopmentУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > Рамочная программа по укреплению экономического сотрудничества и развития
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54 СУУР
1) Engineering: unc2) Sakhalin energy glossary: sustainable development management framework, принципы руководства устойчивым развитием3) Sakhalin R: структура управления устойчивым развитием -
55 Специальная экспертная группа открытого состава для разработ
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > Специальная экспертная группа открытого состава для разработ
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56 Структура поддержки развития ООН
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > Структура поддержки развития ООН
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57 инфраструктура (разработки) приложений
General subject: application framework (в программировании - совокупность средств разработки, состоящая из интегрированной среды разработки (Integrated Development Environment, IDE), библиотек классов, объектов и др. средств; пр)Универсальный русско-английский словарь > инфраструктура (разработки) приложений
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58 конструкция
2) Computers: phrase3) Medicine: structure4) Engineering: arrangement, configuration, construction design, orbiter-based construction, palletizel configuration, project, specification, style, works, concept5) Construction: carcass, protected construction, fabric6) Railway term: carcase7) Law: (документа) structure8) Economy: assembly9) Architecture: spere11) Textile: construction (напр. станка), make (машины)12) Information technology: construct, phrase( синтаксическая)13) Immunology: construct( генно-инженерная) (векторная ДНК, несущая клонированные последовательности искомого гена)14) Sociology: composition, fixture15) Astronautics: airframe16) Metrology: design format, format17) Patents: embodiment19) Oilfield: type of construction (устройство машины, установки)20) Microelectronics: architecture21) Automation: engineering design, hardware22) Cables: aggregate23) Makarov: construct (особ. мысленная), construction (сооружение), design (инженерное решение), installation, structure (сооружение), system24) Research and development: constructional design -
59 обстановка
1) General subject: ambience, appointments, atmosphere (tense atmosphere - напряжённая обстановка), circumstance, condition, context, feel, furnishings, furniture, medium (жизни), scenery, situation, thing, tone, circumstances, lay of the land2) Computers: scene3) Naval: concept4) American: ball game5) French: milieu6) Military: development, picture, posture, scenario, set-up, setting (напр. на учениях), strategic setting7) Engineering: furniture (меблировка)8) Bookish: ambiance9) Mathematics: arrangement10) Architecture: decoration, furnishings (предметы мебели), surroundings11) Psychology: climate12) Jargon: trip13) Information technology: environment14) Oil: furnishing ( building) (здание), trends15) Cartography: situation (по карте)16) Geophysics: framework17) Business: furnishing, setting, setup18) Oilfield: conditions19) Aviation medicine: air20) Makarov: background (кино), circumscription, circumstances (ситуация, условия), condition (ситуация, условия), lie of matters, situation (ситуация, условия), the lie of matters21) Security: (окружающая)(окружающая) environment -
60 сооружение
1) General subject: building, construction, edifice, erection, fabric, fabrication, frame, framing, structure2) Medicine: facility3) Military: emplacement, fortification5) Law: installation6) Accounting: development7) Architecture: canalization, facilities8) Mining: works9) Fishery: device10) Business: building activity11) Drilling: work
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