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81 formato
"molded;Geformt;moldado"* * *m sizedi libro format* * *formato agg.1 formed; made up (of), consisting (of), composed (of): una giuria formata da cinque esperti, a panel made up (o consisting) of five experts2 ( modellato) shaped; ( forgiato) moulded: ben formato, well shaped (o well-built o well-proportioned)◆ s.m. format; ( misura) size: formato commerciale, commercial size; formato economico, economy size; confezione formato famiglia, family-size pack; il formato di un libro, the format of a book; edizione a formato ridotto, pocket edition (o fam. amer. pony edition) // una foto formato tessera, a passport photo.* * *[for'mato] formato (-a)1. agg(maturo) fully-developed, fully-grown2. sm(dimensioni) size, format, Inform format* * *I 1. [for'mato]participio passato formare2.1) (istruito, professionalmente) trained2) (maturo) [carattere, gusto] (fully-)formed, grown-upII [for'mato]sostantivo maschile1) (dimensioni) (di giornale, foto, carta, libro) format, sizeformato famiglia — [ confezione] family-size(d)
2) inform. format* * *formato1/for'mato/→ formareII aggettivo1 (istruito, professionalmente) trained2 (maturo) [carattere, gusto] (fully-)formed, grown-up.————————formato2/for'mato/sostantivo m.1 (dimensioni) (di giornale, foto, carta, libro) format, size; libro formato tascabile pocket edition; formato famiglia [ confezione] family-size(d)2 inform. format. -
82 mundo desarrollado
el mundo desarrollado(n.) = developed world, theEx: Australia's economy is a tower of strength after two respected international reports confirmed it continued to lead the developed world.
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83 country
1) страна2) родина, отечество3) район, сельская местность -
84 st|ać1
impf (stoję, stoisz) vi 1. (być w pozycji pionowej) [osoba] to stand- stać na palcach to stand on tiptoe- stać na rękach to stand on one’s hands- stać na głowie to stand on one’s head- stać okrakiem nad czymś to straddle sth- stać na baczność to stand at attention- robić coś stojąc to do sth standing up- ledwie stał na nogach ze zmęczenia he was so tired that he could hardly stand- nie może stać o własnych siłach he’s too weak to stand up on his own2. (trwać bez ruchu) to stand- stać w miejscu [osoba] to stand still- stoimy w miejscu a. projekt stoi w miejscu we’re not making headway a. any progress- stój spokojnie! stand still!- nie stój tak, zrób coś don’t just stand there, do something!- stać w korku to be stuck in a traffic jam- pociąg stoi na stacji the train is standing at the station- winda stoi między piętrami the lift is stuck between floors- statek stoi na kotwicy the ship is lying at anchor- stój! a. stać! (komenda wojskowa) halt!; (do uciekającego przestępcy) freeze!- stójcie, nie tak szybko (idźcie wolniej) slow down!; (zastanówcie się jeszcze) hold on, not so fast!- powietrze stoi the air is still3. (być umiejscowionym, być obecnym) [osoba, przedmiot] to stand- stać w szeregu to stand in a row- przy oknie stał jakiś mężczyzna some man or other was standing at the window- nie stójcie na deszczu don’t stand in the rain- szafa stojąca w kącie pokoju a wardrobe standing in the corner of the room- na półce stały książki there were some books on the shelf- sok stoi w dzbanku the juice is in the jug- dom stoi na wzgórzu the house stands on a hill- stać na solidnych fundamentach [budynek, związek, firma] to have solid foundations- stojące rzędami samochody cars standing in rows- gdzie stoisz? (samochodem) where have you parked?- stać przed/za czymś [przymiotnik, przecinek] to precede/follow sth, to go before/go after sth- na ulicy stoi woda the streets are flooded with water- stać wysoko na niebie [księżyc, słońce] to be high in the sky- stać komuś w pamięci przen. to stand out in sb’s memory- w oczach stoi mi jej postać przen. I can see her in my mind’s eye4. (wykonywać czynność, pełnić funkcję) stać na warcie to be on guard- stać przy kuchni to stand over a stove- stać na czele partii to be the leader of a party- stać na bramce to be in goal- stać przy maszynie to operate a machine- stać za ladą to stand behind the counter- stać po mięso/chleb pot. to queue GB a. line up US for meat/bread5. (znajdować się w położeniu, być w stanie) stać na skraju przepaści przen. to be on the edge of disaster- stać u progu kariery to be on the threshold of a career- stać wysoko w hierarchii to be high up in the pecking order- stać wysoko w sondażach to be riding high in the polls- stać na równi z kimś to be on an equal footing with sb- stać wyżej od kogoś na szczeblach władzy to be above sb in the ranks of power- stać ponad prawem to be above the law- stać za czymś przen. (być sprawcą) to be behind sth- kto za tym wszystkim stoi? who’s behind all this?- stać przy kimś przen. (wspierać) to stand by sb- stać nad kimś przen. (pilnować) to stand over sb- stać nad kimś, jak kat nad dobrą duszą to stand over sb like a prison guard- stać po czyjejś stronie (popierać) to be on sb’s side- stać z boku to stand to one side- stać ponad podziałami to be above petty divisions- stać w ogniu [budynek, miasto] to be in flames- stać otworem [brama, drzwi] to stand open- dom stoi pusty the house stands empty- dobrze stać finansowo [osoba, przedsiębiorstwo] to be doing well- dobrze/kiepsko stoję z matematyki pot. my maths marks are good/poor- jak stoimy z czasem? pot. how are we (doing) for time?- stać na wysokim/niskim poziomie [mecz, zawody] to be of high quality- stać wysoko/nisko [kultura, przemysł] to be well/poorly developed- nasze akcje nisko/wysoko stoją our shares are doing well/badly- jak stoją dolary? pot. what’s the exchange rate for the dollar?- jak sprawy stoją? what’s the situation?- stać na stanowisku, że… to be of the opinion that…- stać przed problemem/wyzwaniem/dylematem to be faced with a problem/challenge/dilemma- stać wobec groźby czegoś to face the threat of sth- stać w obliczu konieczności zrobienia czegoś to be confronted with the necessity of doing sth- stać w sprzeczności z czymś to be at odds with sth- stać w sprzeczności ze zdrowym rozsądkiem to go against common sense- nic nie stoi na przeszkodzie, żebyśmy… there’s no reason why we/you shouldn’t…- chcę wiedzieć, na czym stoję pot. I want to know where I stand6. (nie zmarnieć) [roślina] to last- róże mogą stać i miesiąc roses can last a month cut7. (być w pionie, sterczeć do góry) to stand- stojące uszy psa a dog’s pricked-up ears- stojąca lampa a standard lamp- wieszak stojący a coat stand8. (nie działać) [fabryka] (z powodu strajku) to be on strike; (wstrzymać produkcję) to not work- mój zegarek stoi my watch has stopped- produkcja stoi the production is on hold- cały kraj stoi the entire country is on strike9. pot. (być napisanym) to say- tam stoi napisane, że… it says there that…- w dokumencie stoi, że… it says in the document that…10. książk. (opierać się) stać na czymś to be based on sth- nasza gospodarka stoi na węglu our economy is based on coal mining- Polska rolnictwem stoi the Polish economy is based on agriculture11. przest. (dbać) stać o coś to be after sth- ja nie stoję o pieniądze I’m not after money12. przest. (mieszkać, stacjonować) stać gdzieś na kwaterze to be quartered somewhere- stać gdzieś obozem [armia, wódz] to encamp somewhere- we wsi stało wojsko soldiers were stationed in the village13. przest. (wystarczyć) nie stało mu sił he ran out of strength- nie stało mu talentu he didn’t have enough talent■ umowa stoi! it’s a deal- wybiegł, jak stał he stormed out without stopping to thinkThe New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > st|ać1
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85 country
nстрана, государство -
86 теория неразложимых экономик
Маккензи (1959) разработал теорию неразложимых экономик, которая гарантирует, что в квазиравновесии условие (более) дешевого потребления выполняется для каждого потребителя (и поэтому квазиравновесие является равновесием). В неформальном описании основная идея заключается в том, что экономика неразложима, если, независимо от способа разбиения экономики на две группы, у каждой группы есть нечто такое, на что другая группа готова обменять нечто своё. — McKenzie (1959) has developed a theory of indecomposable economies that guarantees that at a quasiequilibrium the cheaper consumption condition is satisfied for every consumer (and therefore the quasiequilibrium is an equilibrium). The basic idea, informally described, is that an economy is indecomposable if, no matter how we partition the economy into two groups, each of the groups has something for which the other group is willing to exchange something of its own.
теория обучения, дисциплинарная — discipline-based teaching theory
Цель дисциплинарной теории обучения заключается в том, чтобы придавать определенной дисциплине конкретный учебный формат и оценивать практическую ценность теоретически детерминированных концепций обучения в конкретных учебных ситуациях. — The objective of discipline-based teaching theory is to give the particular discipline a concrete teaching format and to judge the practical value of the theoretically determined teaching concepts in concrete teaching situations.
Russian-English Dictionary "Microeconomics" > теория неразложимых экономик
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87 Brunel, Isambard Kingdom
SUBJECT AREA: Civil engineering, Land transport, Mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic engineering, Ports and shipping, Public utilities, Railways and locomotives[br]b. 9 April 1806 Portsea, Hampshire, Englandd. 15 September 1859 18 Duke Street, St James's, London, England[br]English civil and mechanical engineer.[br]The son of Marc Isambard Brunel and Sophia Kingdom, he was educated at a private boarding-school in Hove. At the age of 14 he went to the College of Caen and then to the Lycée Henri-Quatre in Paris, after which he was apprenticed to Louis Breguet. In 1822 he returned from France and started working in his father's office, while spending much of his time at the works of Maudslay, Sons \& Field.From 1825 to 1828 he worked under his father on the construction of the latter's Thames Tunnel, occupying the position of Engineer-in-Charge, exhibiting great courage and presence of mind in the emergencies which occurred not infrequently. These culminated in January 1828 in the flooding of the tunnel and work was suspended for seven years. For the next five years the young engineer made abortive attempts to find a suitable outlet for his talents, but to little avail. Eventually, in 1831, his design for a suspension bridge over the River Avon at Clifton Gorge was accepted and he was appointed Engineer. (The bridge was eventually finished five years after Brunel's death, as a memorial to him, the delay being due to inadequate financing.) He next planned and supervised improvements to the Bristol docks. In March 1833 he was appointed Engineer of the Bristol Railway, later called the Great Western Railway. He immediately started to survey the route between London and Bristol that was completed by late August that year. On 5 July 1836 he married Mary Horsley and settled into 18 Duke Street, Westminster, London, where he also had his office. Work on the Bristol Railway started in 1836. The foundation stone of the Clifton Suspension Bridge was laid the same year. Whereas George Stephenson had based his standard railway gauge as 4 ft 8½ in (1.44 m), that or a similar gauge being usual for colliery wagonways in the Newcastle area, Brunel adopted the broader gauge of 7 ft (2.13 m). The first stretch of the line, from Paddington to Maidenhead, was opened to traffic on 4 June 1838, and the whole line from London to Bristol was opened in June 1841. The continuation of the line through to Exeter was completed and opened on 1 May 1844. The normal time for the 194-mile (312 km) run from Paddington to Exeter was 5 hours, at an average speed of 38.8 mph (62.4 km/h) including stops. The Great Western line included the Box Tunnel, the longest tunnel to that date at nearly two miles (3.2 km).Brunel was the engineer of most of the railways in the West Country, in South Wales and much of Southern Ireland. As railway networks developed, the frequent break of gauge became more of a problem and on 9 July 1845 a Royal Commission was appointed to look into it. In spite of comparative tests, run between Paddington-Didcot and Darlington-York, which showed in favour of Brunel's arrangement, the enquiry ruled in favour of the narrow gauge, 274 miles (441 km) of the former having been built against 1,901 miles (3,059 km) of the latter to that date. The Gauge Act of 1846 forbade the building of any further railways in Britain to any gauge other than 4 ft 8 1/2 in (1.44 m).The existence of long and severe gradients on the South Devon Railway led to Brunel's adoption of the atmospheric railway developed by Samuel Clegg and later by the Samuda brothers. In this a pipe of 9 in. (23 cm) or more in diameter was laid between the rails, along the top of which ran a continuous hinged flap of leather backed with iron. At intervals of about 3 miles (4.8 km) were pumping stations to exhaust the pipe. Much trouble was experienced with the flap valve and its lubrication—freezing of the leather in winter, the lubricant being sucked into the pipe or eaten by rats at other times—and the experiment was abandoned at considerable cost.Brunel is to be remembered for his two great West Country tubular bridges, the Chepstow and the Tamar Bridge at Saltash, with the latter opened in May 1859, having two main spans of 465 ft (142 m) and a central pier extending 80 ft (24 m) below high water mark and allowing 100 ft (30 m) of headroom above the same. His timber viaducts throughout Devon and Cornwall became a feature of the landscape. The line was extended ultimately to Penzance.As early as 1835 Brunel had the idea of extending the line westwards across the Atlantic from Bristol to New York by means of a steamship. In 1836 building commenced and the hull left Bristol in July 1837 for fitting out at Wapping. On 31 March 1838 the ship left again for Bristol but the boiler lagging caught fire and Brunel was injured in the subsequent confusion. On 8 April the ship set sail for New York (under steam), its rival, the 703-ton Sirius, having left four days earlier. The 1,340-ton Great Western arrived only a few hours after the Sirius. The hull was of wood, and was copper-sheathed. In 1838 Brunel planned a larger ship, some 3,000 tons, the Great Britain, which was to have an iron hull.The Great Britain was screwdriven and was launched on 19 July 1843,289 ft (88 m) long by 51 ft (15.5 m) at its widest. The ship's first voyage, from Liverpool to New York, began on 26 August 1845. In 1846 it ran aground in Dundrum Bay, County Down, and was later sold for use on the Australian run, on which it sailed no fewer than thirty-two times in twenty-three years, also serving as a troop-ship in the Crimean War. During this war, Brunel designed a 1,000-bed hospital which was shipped out to Renkioi ready for assembly and complete with shower-baths and vapour-baths with printed instructions on how to use them, beds and bedding and water closets with a supply of toilet paper! Brunel's last, largest and most extravagantly conceived ship was the Great Leviathan, eventually named The Great Eastern, which had a double-skinned iron hull, together with both paddles and screw propeller. Brunel designed the ship to carry sufficient coal for the round trip to Australia without refuelling, thus saving the need for and the cost of bunkering, as there were then few bunkering ports throughout the world. The ship's construction was started by John Scott Russell in his yard at Millwall on the Thames, but the building was completed by Brunel due to Russell's bankruptcy in 1856. The hull of the huge vessel was laid down so as to be launched sideways into the river and then to be floated on the tide. Brunel's plan for hydraulic launching gear had been turned down by the directors on the grounds of cost, an economy that proved false in the event. The sideways launch with over 4,000 tons of hydraulic power together with steam winches and floating tugs on the river took over two months, from 3 November 1857 until 13 January 1858. The ship was 680 ft (207 m) long, 83 ft (25 m) beam and 58 ft (18 m) deep; the screw was 24 ft (7.3 m) in diameter and paddles 60 ft (18.3 m) in diameter. Its displacement was 32,000 tons (32,500 tonnes).The strain of overwork and the huge responsibilities that lay on Brunel began to tell. He was diagnosed as suffering from Bright's disease, or nephritis, and spent the winter travelling in the Mediterranean and Egypt, returning to England in May 1859. On 5 September he suffered a stroke which left him partially paralysed, and he died ten days later at his Duke Street home.[br]Further ReadingL.T.C.Rolt, 1957, Isambard Kingdom Brunel, London: Longmans Green. J.Dugan, 1953, The Great Iron Ship, Hamish Hamilton.IMcNBiographical history of technology > Brunel, Isambard Kingdom
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88 newly industrializing country
сокр. NIC межд. эк. новая индустриальная [новая промышленно развитая\] страна (страна, которая еще не приобрела статуса развитой страны, но благодаря высоким темпам роста, за относительно короткий срок достигла достаточно высоких объемов промышленного производства и доходов на душу населения; такие страны по классификации международных организаций продолжают относится к категории "развивающиеся", но выделяются в особую подгруппу; к этому типу традиционно относят Гонконг, Сингапур, Малайзию, Тайвань, Южную Корею, а иногда также включают Аргентину, Бразилию, Мексику и ряд других стран)Syn:See:Англо-русский экономический словарь > newly industrializing country
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89 CPE
1) Общая лексика: Certificate of Proficiency in English2) Медицина: кардиогенный отёк легких (Cardiogenic pulmonary edema), Certified Postnatal Educator (http://www.icea.org/)3) Военный термин: Central Production Element, Collective Protective Equipment, Conventional Planning and Execution, central processing element, circular probable error, collective protection equipment, command post equipment, communications processor element, contractor performance evaluation, chemical protective equipment4) Техника: call on parity even, central programmer evaluator, computer peripheral equipment, control processing electronics, customer-premises equipment5) Математика: круговая вероятная ошибка (circular probable error)6) Бухгалтерия: Continuing Professional Education, (Continuing Professional Education) дополнительное профессиональное образование7) Металлургия: реечный стан (Cross-piercing elongator)8) Телекоммуникации: Client Premises Equipment, Customer Premises Equipment9) Сокращение: Certificate for Proficiency in English, Communications Privacy Equipment, Computer Performance Evaluation, Concept formulation, Planning & preparation, and Execution, Customer Provided Equipment, Creoles and Pidgins, English-based (Other), Шкала эффективности проникновения препарата в ЦНС (The CNS Penetration Effectiveness (CPE) scale was developed to rank the ability of antiretroviral drugs to cross the blood-brain barrier.)10) Физиология: Chronic pulmonary emphysema, Complete Physical Examination11) Вычислительная техника: клиентское оборудование (customer premises equipment)12) Банковское дело: continuous professional education -- Программа непрерывного повышения квалификации13) Образование: Career Placement Employment, Сертификат UCLES 5 уровня общего владения ( профессиональный пользователь) (Certificate of Proficiency in English)14) Сетевые технологии: Canine Performance Events, Communication Protocol Exchange, Cross-Platform Environment, Customer Premise Equipment, единый интерфейс программирования коммуникаций, оборудование, устанавливаемое в помещениях пользователя CPI-C общий программный интерфейс для коммуникаций15) ЕБРР: centrally planned economy16) Полимеры: chlorinated polyethylene17) Контроль качества: contractor-furnished equipment18) Расширение файла: Fax Cover document19) Молекулярная биология: цитопатогенный эффект (cytopathogenic effect), ЦПЭ -
90 освоенная земля
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91 промышленно-развитая страна
1) Economy: industrial country, industrially advanced country2) Business: industrial nation, industrially developed countryУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > промышленно-развитая страна
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92 проявиться
1) General subject: appear, come out, dawn, develop (he has developed a tendency to brood - у него проявилась привычка размышлять, он стал часто задумываться), manifest, peep, reveal oneself, surface2) Mathematics: become apparent3) Economy: show up (о недостатках или преимуществах)4) Makarov: declare itself -
93 развивающиеся страны
1) General subject: Third World, emergent nations, underdeveloped countries2) Military: developing countries3) Economy: frontier countries4) Politics: emerging countries5) Business: developing world, less developed countries, third world countriesУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > развивающиеся страны
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94 развитая инфраструктура
1) Economy: well-developed infrastructure, extended infrastructure2) Management: sprawling infrastructureУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > развитая инфраструктура
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95 развитой социализм
1) General subject: Developed socialism2) Economy: full-fledged socialismУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > развитой социализм
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96 разработанный
1) General subject: developed, engineered (AD)2) Mathematics: mature, worked out (by)3) Economy: elaborated5) Information technology: worked on6) Oil: worked upon7) Mass media: designed8) Business: worked out9) Makarov: due to (метод и т.п.), made -
97 район комплексного жилищного строительства
1) Economy: development area2) Ecology: developed areaУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > район комплексного жилищного строительства
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98 универсализм
2) Economy: universalism -
99 version
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100 rückständig
rückständig adj FIN, GEN, ADMIN overdue, in arrears • rückständig sein GEN be in arrears* * *adj <Finanz, Geschäft, Verwalt> overdue, in arrears ■ rückständig sein < Geschäft> be in arrears* * *rückständig
residuary, (altmodisch) not up-to-date, obsolete, old-fashioned, fusty, old-hat, behind the times, (Land) back, backward, un[der]developed, (Rate) delinquent, (schuldig) unpaid, outstanding, in arrears, behind[hand], (überfällig) overdue;
• rückständig sein to be outstanding, to be in arrears;
• mit den Zahlungen rückständig sein to be behind[hand] with one’s payment;
• rückständig werden to fall behind[hand];
• rückständiger Betrag overdue amount;
• rückständige Beträge arrears;
• rückständige Dividende dividends in arrear;
• rückständiges Gehalt back salary;
• rückständiges Land backward country;
• rückständiger Lohn back pay;
• rückständige Löhne arrears of wages;
• rückständige Miete rent [in] arrears, back rent;
• rückständige Steuern arrears of taxes, tax arrears, delinquent taxes (US);
• rückständige Wirtschaft backward economy;
• rückständige Zahlung overdue payment, payment in arrears;
• rückständige Zinsen arrears of interest, overdue (unpaid) interests.
См. также в других словарях:
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