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41 thirsty
1. a испытывающий жажду, томимый, мучимый жаждой2. a жаждущий, горячо желающий3. a разг. вызывающий жажду4. a засыхающий; иссохший, выжженныйСинонимический ряд:1. arid (adj.) arid; rainless2. dry (adj.) arid; athirst; bone-dry; droughty; dry; moistureless; sere; unwatered; waterless3. eager (adj.) agog; anxious; appetent; ardent; avid; breathless; craving; desiring; desirous; eager; fain; hankering; hungry; impatient; keen; longing for; raring; solicitous; thirsting; yearning4. needing water (adj.) bone dry; dehydrated; desiccated; dried out; needing something to drink; needing water; parched; wanting a drink -
42 wanting
1. a не обладающий, не имеющийwanting in initiative — безынициативный; недостаточно инициативный
he is wanting in alacrity — ему недостаёт расторопности, он нерасторопен
wanting in courtesy — невежливый, неучтивый
the head of the statue is wanting, the statue wants the head — у статуи нет головы
2. a отсутствующий, недостающий3. a недостаточный, неполноценный4. a диал. придурковатый; ненормальный5. prep без; при отсутствииСинонимический ряд:1. absent (adj.) absent; away; gone; missing; omitted2. desirous of (adj.) acquisitive; covetous; desirous of; envious; grasping; greedy; having one's hear set on; longing for; yearning3. empty (adj.) barren; destitute; devoid; empty; innocent; void4. lacking (adj.) bereft of; defective; deficient; deprived of; devoid of; in default; in want of; incomplete; lacking5. short (adj.) defective; deficient; failing; inadequate; insufficient; scant; scanty; scarce; scrimpy; short; shy; skimpy; slender; uncomplete; unsufficient6. liking (verb) choosing; coveting; craving; desiring; liking; pleasing; willing; wishing7. needing (verb) lacking; needing; requiring; wanting8. without (other) absent; in default of; lacking; sans; without -
43 willing
1. a готовый, склонный, расположенный, согласный; не возражающийwilling to oblige — услужливый, обязательный, любезный
willing or not — волей-неволей, хочешь не хочешь
2. a старательный, усердный; охотно делающийwilling hands — усердная работа, усердие, рвение
3. a добровольный, невынужденный4. a филос. волевой; относящийся к волеto spur a willing horse — подгонять того, кто и так старается изо всех сил; заниматься бесполезным делом
willing ear — благосклонное внимание, желание выслушать
to flog a willing horse — подгонять того, кто и так изо всех сил старается; заниматься бесполезным делом
Синонимический ряд:1. ready (adj.) acquiescent; agreeable; amenable; compliant; disposed; fain; inclined; minded; predisposed; prone; ready; tractable2. voluntary (adj.) deliberate; intentional; unforced; unprescribed; volitional; voluntary; willful; witting3. zealous (adj.) active; eager; energetic; enthusiastic; prompt; zealous4. bequeathing (verb) bequeathing; devising; leaving; legating; willing5. liking (verb) choosing; desiring; electing; liking; pleasing; wanting; wishing -
44 BE
Quenya uses forms of ná as the copula used to join adjectives, nouns or pronouns “in statements (or wishes) asserting (or desiring) a thing to have certain quality, or to be the same as another” (VT49:28). It may also denote a position, as in tanomë nauvan “I will be there” (VT49:19). PE17:68 mentions návë “being” as a “general infinitive” form; the gloss would suggest that návë may also be regarded as a gerund. Present tense ná “is” (Nam), pl. nar or nár ”are" (PE15:36, VT49:27, 30), dual nát (VT49:30). Also attested with various pronominal endings: nányë/nanyë “I am”, nalyë or natyë “you (sg.) are” (polite and familiar, respectively), nás “it is”, násë “(s)he is”, nalmë “we are” (VT49:27, 30). Some forms listed in VT49:27 are perhaps intended as aorist forms (nain “I am”, naityë/nailyë “you are”); VT49:30 however lists aorist forms with no intruding i (nanyë *“I am”, nalyë *”thou art”, ná “is”, nassë *”(s)he is”, nalmë *“we are”, nar “are”). Pa.t. nánë or né “was”, pl. náner/nér and dual nét “were” (VT49:6, 10, 27, 30). According to VT49:31, né “was” cannot receive pronominal endings (though nésë “he was” is attested elsewhere, VT49:28-29), and such endings are rather added to the form ane-, e.g. anen “I was”, anel “you were”, anes “(s)he/it was” (VT49:28). Future tense nauva "will be" (VT42:34, VT49:19; alternative form uva only in VT49:30) Perfect anaië “has been” (VT49:27, first written as anáyë). The form na may be used as imperative (na airë "be holy", VT43:14, alcar...na Erun "glory...be to God", VT44:34); this imperative na is apparently incorporated in the word nai "be it that" (misleading translation "maybe" in LotR). This nai can be combined with a verb to express a hope that something will happen (Nam: nai hiruvalyë Valimar, “may you find Valimar”) or if the verb is in the present rather than the future tense, that it is already happening (VT49:39: nai Eru lye mánata “God bless you” or *”may God be blessing you”). According to PE17:58, imperative na is short for á na with the imperative particle included. – Ná "is" appears with a short vowel (na) in some sources, but writers should probably maintain the long vowel to avoid confusion with the imperative na (and with the wholly distinct preposition na "to"). The short form na- may however be usual before pronominal suffixes. By one interpretation, na with a short vowel represents the aorist (VT49:27). – The word ëa is variously translated "is", "exists", "it is", "let it be". It has a more absolute meaning than ná, with reference to existence rather than being a mere copula. It may also be used (with prepositional phrases) to denote a position: i ëa han ëa “[our Father] who is beyond [the universe of] Eä” (VT43:12-14), i Eru i or ilyë mahalmar ëa “the One who is above all thrones” (UT:305). The pa.t. of this verb is engë, VT43:38, perfect engië or rarely éyë, future euva, VT49:29. – Fíriel's Song contains a word ye "is" (compare VT46:22), but its status in LotR-style Quenya is uncertain. – NOT BE, NOT DO: Also attested is the negative copula uin and umin "I do not, am not" (1st pers. aorist), pa.t. úmë. According to VT49:29, forms like ui “it is not”, uin(yë) “I am not”, uil(yë) *“you are not”, *uis *”(s)he is not” and uilmë *”we are not” are cited in a document dating from about 1968, though some of this was struck out. The monosyllable ú is used for “was not” in one text. The negation lá can be inflected for time “when verb is not expressed”. Tense-forms given: (aorist) lanyë “I do not, am not”; the other forms are cited without pronominal suffixes: present laia, past lánë, perfect alaië, future lauva, imperative ala, alá. MAY IT BE SO, see AMEN. –VT49:27-34, Nam/RGEO:67, VT43:34/An Introduction to Elvish:5, VT42:34,Silm:21/391, FS, UGU/UMU, VT49:13 -
45 DESIRE
(vb) \#mer- (cited in the form merë, evidently the 3rd person aorist; pa.t. given as mernë) (want, wish). The stem YES yields a word yesta- "desire" (which may however be confused with yesta “beginning”). DESIRE (noun) írë, náma (= "a desire" or "a judgement"), námië (= "a (single) desire" or "a (single) judgement"), milmë (greed). (Note: írë also means "when".) See SEXUAL DESIRE for a term that possibly has this meaning. DESIREABLE írima (loveable), DESIRER Irmo (name of a Vala). DESIRING TO START mína (eager to go), also verb DESIRE TO GO IN SOME DIRECTION mína- (to wish to go to a place, make for it, have some end in view). –MER, ID, VT41:13, MIL-IK, YES/VT46:23, WJ:403, VT39:11 -
46 EAGER TO
GO mína- (desiring to start) –VT39:11 -
47 one's (or the) mouth waters (after, at или for)
cлюнки тeкут (пpи видe)A child that was passing towed by a nurse-maid, tossed a luxurious big pear minus one bite into the gutter. I stopped, of course, and fastened my desiring eye on that muddy treasure. My mouth watered for it, my whole being begged for it (M. Twain)Concise English-Russian phrasebook > one's (or the) mouth waters (after, at или for)
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48 Intelligence
There is no mystery about it: the child who is familiar with books, ideas, conversation-the ways and means of the intellectual life-before he begins school, indeed, before he begins consciously to think, has a marked advantage. He is at home in the House of intellect just as the stableboy is at home among horses, or the child of actors on the stage. (Barzun, 1959, p. 142)It is... no exaggeration to say that sensory-motor intelligence is limited to desiring success or practical adaptation, whereas the function of verbal or conceptual thought is to know and state truth. (Piaget, 1954, p. 359)ntelligence has two parts, which we shall call the epistemological and the heuristic. The epistemological part is the representation of the world in such a form that the solution of problems follows from the facts expressed in the representation. The heuristic part is the mechanism that on the basis of the information solves the problem and decides what to do. (McCarthy & Hayes, 1969, p. 466)Many scientists implicitly assume that, among all animals, the behavior and intelligence of nonhuman primates are most like our own. Nonhuman primates have relatively larger brains and proportionally more neocortex than other species... and it now seems likely that humans, chimpanzees, and gorillas shared a common ancestor as recently as 5 to 7 million years ago.... This assumption about the unique status of primate intelligence is, however, just that: an assumption. The relations between intelligence and measures of brain size is poorly understood, and evolutionary affinity does not always ensure behavioral similarity. Moreover, the view that nonhuman primates are the animals most like ourselves coexists uneasily in our minds with the equally pervasive view that primates differ fundamentally from us because they lack language; lacking language, they also lack many of the capacities necessary for reasoning and abstract thought. (Cheney & Seyfarth, 1990, p. 4)Few constructs are asked to serve as many functions in psychology as is the construct of human intelligence.... Consider four of the main functions addressed in theory and research on intelligence, and how they differ from one another.1. Biological. This type of account looks at biological processes. To qualify as a useful biological construct, intelligence should be a biochemical or biophysical process or at least somehow a resultant of biochemical or biophysical processes.2. Cognitive approaches. This type of account looks at molar cognitive representations and processes. To qualify as a useful mental construct, intelligence should be specifiable as a set of mental representations and processes that are identifiable through experimental, mathematical, or computational means.3. Contextual approaches. To qualify as a useful contextual construct, intelligence should be a source of individual differences in accomplishments in "real-world" performances. It is not enough just to account for performance in the laboratory. On [sic] the contextual view, what a person does in the lab may not even remotely resemble what the person would do outside it. Moreover, different cultures may have different conceptions of intelligence, which affect what would count as intelligent in one cultural context versus another.4. Systems approaches. Systems approaches attempt to understand intelligence through the interaction of cognition with context. They attempt to establish a link between the two levels of analysis, and to analyze what forms this link takes. (Sternberg, 1994, pp. 263-264)High but not the highest intelligence, combined with the greatest degrees of persistence, will achieve greater eminence than the highest degree of intelligence with somewhat less persistence. (Cox, 1926, p. 187)There are no definitive criteria of intelligence, just as there are none for chairness; it is a fuzzy-edged concept to which many features are relevant. Two people may both be quite intelligent and yet have very few traits in common-they resemble the prototype along different dimensions.... [Intelligence] is a resemblance between two individuals, one real and the other prototypical. (Neisser, 1979, p. 185)Given the complementary strengths and weaknesses of the differential and information-processing approaches, it should be possible, at least in theory, to synthesise an approach that would capitalise upon the strength of each approach, and thereby share the weakness of neither. (Sternberg, 1977, p. 65)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Intelligence
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См. также в других словарях:
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