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101 Reynolds, Edwin
[br]b. 1831 Mansfield, Connecticut, USAd. 1909 Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA[br]American contributor to the development of the Corliss valve steam engine, including the "Manhattan" layout.[br]Edwin Reynolds grew up at a time when formal engineering education in America was almost unavailable, but through his genius and his experience working under such masters as G.H. Corliss and William Wright, he developed into one of the best mechanical engineers in the country. When he was Plant Superintendent for the Corliss Steam Engine Company, he built the giant Corliss valve steam engine displayed at the 1876 Centennial Exhibition. In July 1877 he left the Corliss Steam Engine Company to join Edward Allis at his Reliance Works, although he was offered a lower salary. In 1861 Allis had moved his business to the Menomonee Valley, where he had the largest foundry in the area. Immediately on his arrival with Allis, Reynolds began desig-ning and building the "Reliance-Corliss" engine, which becamea symbol of simplicity, economy and reliability. By early 1878 the new engine was so successful that the firm had a six-month backlog of orders. In 1888 he built the first triple-expansion waterworks-pumping engine in the United States for the city of Milwaukee, and in the same year he patented a new design of blowing engine for blast furnaces. He followed this in March 1892 with the first steam engine sets coupled directly to electric generators when Allis-Chalmers contracted to build two Corliss cross-compound engines for the Narragansett Light Company of Providence, Rhode Island. In 1893, one of the impressive attractions at the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago was the 3,000 hp (2,200 kW) quadruple-expansion Reynolds-Corliss engine designed by Reynolds, who continued to make significant improvements and gained worldwide recognition of his outstanding achievements in engine building.Reynolds was asked to go to New York in 1898 for consultation about some high-horsepower engines for the Manhattan transport system. There, 225 railway locomotives were to be replaced by electric trains, which would be supplied from one generating station producing 60,000 hp (45,000 kW). Reynolds sketched out his ideas for 10,000 hp (7,500 kW) engines while on the train. Because space was limited, he suggested a four-cylinder design with two horizontal-high-pressure cylinders and two vertical, low-pressure ones. One cylinder of each type was placed on each side of the flywheel generator, which with cranks at 135° gave an exceptionally smooth-running compact engine known as the "Manhattan". A further nine similar engines that were superheated and generated three-phase current were supplied in 1902 to the New York Interborough Rapid Transit Company. These were the largest reciprocating steam engines built for use on land, and a few smaller ones with a similar layout were installed in British textile mills.[br]Further ReadingConcise Dictionary of American Biography, 1964, New York: C.Scribner's Sons (contains a brief biography).R.L.Hills, 1989, Power from Steam. A History of the Stationary Steam Engine, Cambridge University Press (provides a brief account of the Manhattan engines) Part of the information for this biography is derived from a typescript in the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC: T.H.Fehring, "Technological contributions of Milwaukee's Menomonee Valley industries".RLH -
102 Wright, Frank Lloyd
SUBJECT AREA: Architecture and building[br]b. 8 June 1869 Richland Center, Wisconsin, USAd. 9 April 1959 Phoenix, Arizona, USA[br]American architect who, in an unparalleled career spanning almost seventy years, became the most important figure on the modern architectural scene both in his own country and far further afield.[br]Wright began his career in 1887 working in the Chicago offices of Adler \& Sullivan. He conceived a great admiration for Sullivan, who was then concentrating upon large commercial projects in modern mode, producing functional yet decorative buildings which took all possible advantage of new structural methods. Wright was responsible for many of the domestic commissions.In 1893 Wright left the firm in order to set up practice on his own, thus initiating a career which was to develop into three distinct phases. In the first of these, up until the First World War, he was chiefly designing houses in a concept in which he envisaged "the house as a shelter". These buildings displayed his deeply held opinion that detached houses in country areas should be designed as an integral part of the landscape, a view later to be evidenced strongly in the work of modern Finnish architects. Wright's designs were called "prairie houses" because so many of them were built in the MidWest of America, which Wright described as a "prairie". These were low and spreading, with gently sloping rooflines, very plain and clean lined, built of traditional materials in warm rural colours, blending softly into their settings. Typical was W.W.Willit's house of 1902 in Highland Park, Illinois.In the second phase of his career Wright began to build more extensively in modern materials, utilizing advanced means of construction. A notable example was his remarkable Imperial Hotel in Tokyo, carefully designed and built in 1916–22 (now demolished), with special foundations and structure to withstand (successfully) strong earthquake tremors. He also became interested in the possibilities of reinforced concrete; in 1906 he built his church at Oak Park, Illinois, entirely of this material. In the 1920s, in California, he abandoned his use of traditional materials for house building in favour of precast concrete blocks, which were intended to provide an "organic" continuity between structure and decorative surfacing. In his continued exploration of the possibilities of concrete as a building material, he created the dramatic concept of'Falling Water', a house built in 1935–7 at Bear Run in Pennsylvania in which he projected massive reinforced-concrete terraces cantilevered from a cliff over a waterfall in the woodlands. In the later 1930s an extraordinary run of original concepts came from Wright, then nearing 70 years of age, ranging from his own winter residence and studio, Taliesin West in Arizona, to the administration block for Johnson Wax (1936–9) in Racine, Wisconsin, where the main interior ceiling was supported by Minoan-style, inversely tapered concrete columns rising to spreading circular capitals which contained lighting tubes of Pyrex glass.Frank Lloyd Wright continued to work until four days before his death at the age of 91. One of his most important and certainly controversial commissions was the Solomon R.Guggenheim Museum in New York. This had been proposed in 1943 but was not finally built until 1956–9; in this striking design the museum's exhibition areas are ranged along a gradually mounting spiral ramp lit effectively from above. Controversy stemmed from the unusual and original design of exterior banding and interior descending spiral for wall-display of paintings: some critics strongly approved, while others, equally strongly, did not.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsRIBA Royal Gold Medal 1941.Bibliography1945, An Autobiography, Faber \& Faber.Further ReadingE.Kaufmann (ed.), 1957, Frank Lloyd Wright: an American Architect, New York: Horizon Press.H.Russell Hitchcock, 1973, In the Nature of Materials, New York: Da Capo.T.A.Heinz, 1982, Frank Lloyd Wright, New York: St Martin's.DY -
103 проработка
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104 встречаться
•This problem crops up (or is encountered) frequently in shock tube reactions.
•Aragonite is found (or occurs, or is encountered) in many localities.
•Plastic materials are not found in their natural form.
•The temperature likely to be met with in practice...
•These absorption bands do not occur in the vapour phase.
•A nonlinear equation that occurs frequently in scientific work...
•These features are not encountered in studies of...
•This forest formation is seldom seen in mature form.
•Tall trees are sometimes present along the streams.
•Occasionally, one comes across a patient with Milroy's disease.
•Such situations often occur in practice.
* * *Встречаться -- to be, to occur, to be encountered; to confront (на пути кого-либо) Встречаться в -- to be found in, to be encountered in, to occur in; to be identified with (быть связанным с)Oscillatory motion is frequently encountered in the design of peripheral equipment.Typical examples of Category C valves are identified with the following systems:Встречаться с -- to be encountered; to meet; to confront with (сталкиваться с); to make contact with (о людях)The streamline dividing the mainstream from the separated region meets the wall.During the decade he made contact with a number of eminent scientists and engineers.Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > встречаться
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105 На этапе проектного моделирования разрабатывается программная архитектура систем
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > На этапе проектного моделирования разрабатывается программная архитектура систем
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106 Проект Сахалин II. Этап 2. Проектирование сооружений
Sakhalin A: Sakhalin II phase II project facilities designУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > Проект Сахалин II. Этап 2. Проектирование сооружений
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107 завершение проекта
1) Engineering: design completion2) Management: abandonment, plc close out phase, project sunset, sunset3) EBRD: project completion4) Programming: project finish5) oil&gas: close-out, closeout, project close-out, project closeoutУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > завершение проекта
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108 период разработки прототипа изделия
Astronautics: design and development phaseУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > период разработки прототипа изделия
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109 проектное моделирование: этап жизненного цикла объектно-ориентированного ПО в методе COMET, на котором разрабатыва
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > проектное моделирование: этап жизненного цикла объектно-ориентированного ПО в методе COMET, на котором разрабатыва
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110 стадия разработки проекта
Construction: design development phaseУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > стадия разработки проекта
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111 стадия разработки рабочего проекта
Architecture: design development phaseУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > стадия разработки рабочего проекта
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112 этап выбора варианта конструкции
Economy: design selection phaseУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > этап выбора варианта конструкции
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113 этап выбора конструкции
Economy: design selection phaseУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > этап выбора конструкции
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114 этап выработки концепции проекта
Astronautics: design concept phaseУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > этап выработки концепции проекта
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115 этап изучения конструкции
Economy: design study phaseУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > этап изучения конструкции
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116 этап проектного моделирования
Programming: design modeling phaseУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > этап проектного моделирования
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117 группировка
bunching, grouping* * *группиро́вка ж.
group(ing)группиро́вка кла́ссов мат. — pooling or classesско́бочная группиро́вка мат. — parenthetic groupingгруппиро́вка строк полигр. — typographic designгруппиро́вка строк, бло́чная полигр. — boxing or type linesфа́зовая группиро́вка — phase-focusing actionгруппиро́вка чле́нов мат. — grouping of terms* * * -
118 planen
planen v GEN plan; envisage, propose (vorschlagen); schedule (Zeitablauf)* * ** * *planen
to plan, to project, to scheme, to map out, to blueprint (US), (entwerfen) to devise, to design, (zeitlich) to time, to schedule, to phase;
• im Haushalt planen to budget for;
• Stadt planen to plan a city;
• seine wirtschaftliche Zukunft planen to plot its economic future. -
119 Entwicklungsanleihe
Entwicklungsanleihe
development loan;
• Entwicklungsanleihefonds development loan fund;
• Entwicklungsarbeit work of development;
• Entwicklungsarbeiten development (design) work;
• Entwicklungsausgaben development costs;
• Entwicklungsausschuss committee for development aid;
• Entwicklungsaussichten economic prospects;
• Asiatische Entwicklungsbank Asian Development Bank (ADB);
• Entwicklungsbank für die lateinamerikanischen Länder Inter-American Development Bank;
• Entwicklungsbehörde Development Commissioner;
• Entwicklungsbehörde für Zonenrandgebiete Development Board (Br.);
• Entwicklungsbeihilfe development aid;
• Entwicklungsbericht progress report;
• Entwicklungsdarlehn development loan;
• Entwicklungsdiagramm progress chart;
• Entwicklungsdynamik evolutionary dynamics;
• Entwicklungseinrichtung development organization;
• Entwicklungsetappe phase (stage) of development;
• Entwicklungsetat development budget;
• Entwicklungsfachmann development expert. -
120 Konstruktionsphase
Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch Engineering > Konstruktionsphase
См. также в других словарях:
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phase de conception — projektavimo tarpsnis statusas T sritis radioelektronika atitikmenys: angl. design phase vok. Entwurfsphase, f; Entwurfsstufe, f rus. этап проектирования, m pranc. phase de conception, f; étape de conception, f … Radioelektronikos terminų žodynas