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1 снижение излишка
Russian-English Dictionary "Microeconomics" > снижение излишка
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2 valore
m value( coraggio) bravery, valo(u)rvalore aggiunto added valuevalore commerciale market valuevalore corrente current valuevalore energetico energy valuevalori pl securitiesdi valore valuablesenza valore worthless* * *valore s.m.1 ( pregio) value, worth, merit: valore inestimabile, priceless value; il valore di un libro, di una casa, the value of a book, of a house; un oggetto di grande, poco, nessun valore, an object of great, little, no value; senza valore, worthless; avere un valore, to be of value; non avere valore, to be of no value; aumentare, diminuire di valore, to rise, to decrease in value; le sue obiezioni non hanno alcun valore in questo caso, his objections are quite worthless in this case; la vostra osservazione non è senza valore, there is some truth in what you say; dare poco, molto valore a qlco., to set a low, a high value on sthg.; do molto valore alla sua opinione, I attach great importance to his opinion; un uomo di grande valore, a man of great merit; uno studioso di grande valore, a leading scholar; valore scientifico, affettivo, scientific, sentimental value; valori etici, umani, ethical, human values; scala di valori, scale of values2 (econ.) value: valore attuale, corrente, present (o current) value; valore aggiunto, value added; valore approssimativo, estimated value; valore assicurabile, insurable value; valore catastale, assessed value; valore complessivo, aggregate value; valore contabile, book value (o price); valore di avviamento, goodwill (o going concern) value; valore di mercato, market value (o price); valore di scambio, exchange value; valore reale, real (o material) value // (fin.): valore capitalizzato, capitalized value; valore di rimborso, di riscatto, ( di titoli) redemption value, ( di polizza di assicurazione) surrender value; valore nominale, nominal (o face o par) value // (trib.): valore imponibile, assessable (o rateable o taxable) value; valore dichiarato, stated (o declared) value; valore fiscale, tax value3 ( validità, efficacia) value, validity, effect: un principio di valore generale, a principle that is generally valid // participio con valore aggettivale, participle used adjectivally // (dir.): il valore di un documento, the validity of a document; valore legale di un contratto, the legal value of a contract; cambiale priva di valore, invalid bill of exchange; valore della prova, weight of evidence4 ( coraggio) valour, bravery, courage, gallantry: un atto di valore, an act of bravery; combattere con valore, to fight vallantly // valore civile, militare, civic, military valour; medaglia al valore, medal for valour5 pl. ( oggetti preziosi) valuables; ( titoli) sucurities, stock (sing.): tenere i valori in cassaforte, to keep one's valuables in a safe // valori bollati, revenue stamps // (fin.): valori attivi, assets; valori mobiliari, securities (o stocks and shares)7 (mus., scient.) value: (mat.) valore principale, principal value; (stat.) valore medio, mean value; (fis.) valore istantaneo, instantaneous value; (chim.) valore limite di soglia, threshold limiting value (abbr. TLV)* * *[va'lore]sostantivo maschile1) (prezzo) valueacquistare, perdere valore — to go up, down in value
acquistare qcs. del valore di 100 euro — to buy sth. worth 100 euros
di grande valore — of great value o worth
di poco o scarso valore of little value o worth; di nessun valore, senza valore — of no value o worth, worthless
2) (qualità) (di persona, artista) worth; (di opera) value, merit; (importanza) valueavere un valore simbolico, sentimentale — to have symbolic, sentimental value
3) (validità) validity4) (principio morale) valuei -i — valuables, valuable goods
6) econ. (in borsa) securityborsa -i — stock exchange o market
7) mat. mus. value8) (coraggio) valour BE, valor AE, braverymedaglia al valore — bravery award, award for bravery
•valore nominale — nominal o face value
valore nutritivo — food o nutritional value
* * *valore/va'lore/sostantivo m.1 (prezzo) value; acquistare, perdere valore to go up, down in value; per un valore di to the value of; acquistare qcs. del valore di 100 euro to buy sth. worth 100 euros; di grande valore of great value o worth; di poco o scarso valore of little value o worth; di nessun valore, senza valore of no value o worth, worthless2 (qualità) (di persona, artista) worth; (di opera) value, merit; (importanza) value; avere un valore simbolico, sentimentale to have symbolic, sentimental value; un uomo di valore a man of great value3 (validità) validity; valore legale legal validity4 (principio morale) value; scala di -i scale of values5 (oggetti preziosi) i -i valuables, valuable goods7 mat. mus. value8 (coraggio) valour BE, valor AE, bravery; medaglia al valore bravery award, award for bravery; medaglia al valor militare campaign medalvalore aggiunto surplus value; imposta sul valore aggiunto value-added tax; valore nominale nominal o face value; valore nutritivo food o nutritional value; valore reale real value; valore di scambio market value. -
3 перепад давления
1) Engineering: differential head2) Chemistry: pressure overfall3) Mathematics: the pressure drop, the pressure drop (across)4) Automobile industry: pressure fall5) Architecture: change in pressure6) Oil: differential pressure, drawdown (создаваемый по мере отбора жидкости из пласта или движения жидкости к скважине), pressure decrease, pressure difference, pressure differential, pressure drop, pressure gradient, pressure overbalance, pressure surge7) Astronautics: delta pressure8) Drilling: draw-down (создающийся по мере отбора жидкости из пласта или движения жидкости к скважине), drop of pressure9) Sakhalin energy glossary: underbalance (ТЭО стр.)10) Automation: surplus pressure11) Arms production: pressure loss12) Sakhalin R: differential pressure (между стволом скважины и пластом)13) Makarov: differential pressure (разность давлений), drop in pressure, pressure differential (разность давлений)14) Combustion gas turbines: pressure ratio15) Cement: gradient -
4 Einfuhrerklärung
Einfuhrerklärung f 1. BANK bill of entry, B/E; 2. IMP/EXP clearance inwards, bill of entry, B/E* * ** * *Einfuhrerklärung
bill of entry (Br.), entry (declaration, Br.) inwards, import declaration (US);
• Einfuhrerlaubnis, Einfuhrgenehmigung import licence (permit, certificate, facilities);
• Einfuhrerleichterungen, Einfuhrfreigabe import facilities;
• Einfuhrerleichterungspolitik policy of easing imports;
• Einfuhrfinanzierung financing of imports;
• Einfuhrfinanzierungskredit advance to finance imports;
• Einfuhrfirma import house, importer;
• Einfuhrflut import tide;
• Einfuhrgenehmigung import authorization;
• Einfuhrgeschäft import transaction;
• Einfuhrgeschäfte import trade;
• Einfuhrgüter imported goods, imports;
• Einfuhrhafen port of entry, import (inward) port;
• Einfuhrhandel import (passive, inward) trade;
• Einfuhrhändler importer, import merchant (dealer);
• Einfuhrhindernis import bar;
• Einfuhrhinterlegungssumme import deposit (Br.);
• Einfuhrkommissionär import commission agent, importer;
• Einfuhrkonnossement inward bill of lading;
• Einfuhrkontingent import quota;
• Einfuhrkontingente für Weine (EU) wine import quotas;
• Einfuhrkontingente festsetzen (verteilen) to fix quotas for import;
• Einfuhrkontingentierung fixing of import quotas;
• Einfuhrkontrolle import control;
• Einfuhrkredit advance for imports, import (domestic, US) credit;
• Einfuhrkurve trend in imports;
• Einfuhrland country of importation (purchase), importing country;
• Einfuhrliberalisierung decontrol of imports;
• Einfuhrliste list of arrivals;
• unbeschränkte Einfuhrlizenz open general licence (Br.);
• größere Einfuhrmengen hereinlassen to open the door to more imports;
• Einfuhrmonopol import monopoly;
• lebhafte Einfuhrnachfrage rush of imports;
• Einfuhrplafond import ceiling;
• Einfuhrprämie bounty on importation;
• Einfuhrpreis import price;
• Einfuhrpreisindex price index of imports;
• Einfuhrquote import quota;
• überhöhte Einfuhrrechnungen ausstellen to overinvoice imports;
• Einfuhrregelung import arrangement;
• einheitliche Einfuhr- und Ausfuhrregelungen unified import and export rules;
• Einfuhrrückgang turndown (decrease, fall-off) in imports, import reduction;
• rasanter Einfuhrrückgang import slump;
• Einfuhrschein bill of entry;
• inflatorisch bedingter Einfuhrsog inflation-induced pull of imports;
• Einfuhrsonderzoll surcharge on imports;
• Einfuhrsperre embargo on imports;
• Einfuhrstatistik import statistics;
• Einfuhrsteigerung increased (increases in) imports;
• Einfuhr- und Vorratsstelle für landwirtschaftliche Erzeugnisse intervention board for agricultural produce;
• Einfuhrsteuer import excise tax (US);
• Einfuhrstopp embargo on (cessation of) imports;
• Einfuhrüberschuss import surplus, excess of imports over exports;
• Einfuhrunbedenklichkeitsbescheinigung import certificate. -
5 Nachfrageoligopol
Nachfrageoligopol n WIWI demand oligopoly* * *n <Vw> demand oligopoly* * *Nachfrageoligopol
oligopsony;
• Nachfragerückgang decrease (decline, drop, fall) in (decreased, decreasing) demand;
• plötzlicher Nachfragerückgang slump in demand;
• Nachfragerückstau suppressed demand;
• Nachfrageschöpfung demand creation;
• Nachfrageschrumpfung contraction in demand;
• Nachfrageschwäche softness in demand;
• Nachfrageschwankungen fluctuations in demand;
• Nachfrageseite buyer’s market;
• Nachfragesog pressing demand, pressure of demand, demand pull;
• Nachfragesoginflation demand-pull inflation;
• Nachfragespitze peak of demand;
• Nachfragestagnation stagnation of demand;
• Nachfragestau pent-up (piling up of) demand;
• Nachfragesteigerung increase in demand;
• Nachfragesteuerung demand management;
• zurückhaltende Nachfragesteuerung restrictive demand-management policies;
• Nachfragestoß run, rush, surge of demand;
• Nachfragestruktur demand structure;
• Nachfragetendenz trend of demand;
• Nachfragetheorie theory of demand;
• Nachfrageüberhang excess (surplus) demand, buyers over (Br.);
• Nachfrageverlagerung movement in demand;
• Nachfrageverschiebung shift in demand, demand shift;
• Nachfragewachstum growth of demand;
• Nachfrage wandel change of requirement;
• Nachfrageweckung consumptionism;
• Nachfragewelle increase in (wave of) demand;
• Nachfragewirkung demand effect;
• steigende Nachfragewirkung bandwaggon effect. -
6 Absatzposition
Absatzposition
market position;
• Absatzpotenzial sales potential;
• Absatzpreis selling (sales) price;
• Absatzproblem marketing problem;
• Absatzprodukt marketing product;
• Absatzprognose sales forecast;
• Absatzprogramm marketing program(me);
• Absatz- und Vertriebsprogramme marketing plan;
• Absatzprovision seller’s commission;
• Absatzprozess marketing process;
• Absatzquote sales (marketing) quota, sales proportion;
• Absatzregulierung market control;
• Absatzrichtung destination of goods sold;
• Absatzrisiko merchandising risk;
• Absatzrückgang letdown (decline, falling) in sales, sales decline (reduction);
• Absatzrückgang aufweisen to be on a downswing;
• Absatzschrumpfung decrease (decline) in sales, sales decline, dwindling sales;
• Absatzschwierigkeiten marketing (sales) difficulties;
• Absatzspezialist marketing specialist;
• mengenmäßiger Absatzspielraum potential market;
• Absatzstab sales force (people, personnel);
• Absatzstatistik marketing statistics, sales chart (statistics);
• Absatzsteigerung increase in sales, increased sales, sales increase;
• planmäßige Absatzsteigerung sales drive;
• Absatzsteuerung marketing control;
• Absatzstockung stagnation in trade, stagnant market, slowing down of sales;
• Absatzstrategie marketing strategy;
• Absatzstruktur marketing structure;
• Absatzstudie marketing investigation, market (marketing [research]) study;
• spätere Absatzstufe later stage in the commercial chain;
• Absatzsyndikat sellers’ cartel;
• Absatzsystem selling plan, marketing (distribution) system;
• Absatztagung sales convention;
• Absatztätigkeit marketing activity (functions);
• Absatztätigkeit fördern to bolster up marketing;
• Absatztechnik marketing technique;
• Absatztendenz sales trend, trend of the market;
• Absatzterminologie marketing terminology;
• Absatzübereinkommen marketing agreement;
• Absatzüberschuss marketing surplus;
• Absatzumfang sales volume, volume of trade;
• Absatzunternehmen sales agency, marketing institution;
• Absatzunterstützung marketing backing;
• Absatzvereinbarung marketing agreement, selling arrangement;
• Absatzvereinigung marketing cooperative (association);
• Absatzverfahren marketing procedure, distribution method;
• Absatzverhältnisse market[ing] conditions, market situation;
• erschwerte Absatzverhältnisse onerous selling conditions (process);
• Absatzverlagerung transfer of sales;
• Absatzverordnung (Agrarprodukte) marketing order;
• Absatzvertrag marketing contract;
• Absatzvertretung marketing (sales [promotion]) agency, distribution;
• Absatzvolumen sales volume, total sales;
• Absatzvorausschätzung sales forecast[ing];
• Absatzvorbereitung durch Vertriebsplanung merchandising (US);
• Absatzvorschau sales forecasting;
• Absatzvorschlag marketing proposal;
• Absatzweg trade (marketing) channels, channels of distribution (trade);
• ausschließlicher Absatzweg exclusive distribution;
• zweistufiger Absatzweg two-tier distribution channel. -
7 Wertabfall
Wertabfall
drop in value;
• Wertabnahme decrease in (deterioration of) value;
• Wertabschätzung value assessment;
• Wertabstufung graduation in value;
• Wertanalyse value analysis;
• Wertänderungsgewinn reappraisal surplus;
• Wertangabe declaration (statement) of value, (deklarierter Wert) declared valuation;
• zu hohe Wertangabe declaration above value;
• Wertangabeformular (Seeschadenversicherung) declaration form;
• Wertannahme (für Schecks) valuing;
• Wertansatz (Bilanz) valuation, appraisal (US);
• Wertansatz nach Anschaffungskosten value at cost;
• Wertansätze der Einzelbilanzen valuations entered in the individual balance sheets;
• zu verschiedenen Wertansätzen gelangen to arrive at different valuations;
• Wertansetzung valuation, appraisal;
• Wertanstieg increase in value;
• Wertanzeige declaration of value;
• Wertarbeit qualified work, excellent workmanship;
• Wertaufbewahrungsmittel store of value;
• Wertaufstockung appreciation of value, revalorization;
• Wertausgleich value adjustment;
• Wertausgleich bei Grundstückstausch owelty of exchange;
• Wertausgleich bei Naturalteilung owelty of partition;
• Wertausgleichszahlung (Kriegsschäden) value payment;
• Wertbeeinträchtigung impairment of value;
• nach dem formellen Wertbegriff in terms of the technical value. -
8 бюджет
сущ.budget; мн finances- административный бюджетперечисления в пределах бюджета — budgetary transfers; transfers within the budget
- военный бюджет
- годовой бюджет
- государственный бюджет
- доходный бюджет
- расходный бюджет
- сбалансированный бюджет
- семейный бюджет
- текущий бюджет
- утверждённый бюджет
- федеральный бюджет -
9 импорт
(ввоз) import, importation; (стоимость или количество ввезённых товаров) importsснять запрет на импорт — to remove import curbs, to end the ban on / to lift imports
сокращать импорт — to curtail / to reduce imports
импорт составил сумму... — imports amounted to...
невидимый импорт, невидимые статьи импорта — invisible imports
доля импорта — import ratio, share of imports
импорт оборудования — imports / import / importation of equipment
импорт сырья — imports / import / importation of raw materials
рост / увеличение импорта — increase of / in imports
статьи импорта — imports, import articles
стоимостное выражение / стоимость импорта — value / cost of imports
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10 безвозвратные потери
Безвозвратные потери являются лишь одним из пагубных последствий монополии, например связанных с поиском ренты. — The dead-weight loss is only one of the harmful effects of monopoly, such as those associated with rent seeking.
потери в благосостоянии, безвозвратные — deadweight welfare loss
Конечно, безвозвратные потери в благосостоянии представляют только то, что может быть выиграно от перехода от монопольной ситуации к идеальной. — Of course, the dead-weight welfare loss represents only what can be gained from moving from a monopoly situation to an ideal situation.
Чтобы измерить потери в общественном благосостоянии, сравним значение общего излишка при монопольной цене с его же значением при конкурентной (равной предельным затратам) цене. — To measure the loss of social welfare, we compare the total surplus at the monopoly price with that at the competitive (marginal-cost) price.
Потери в благосостоянии необязательно снижаются по мере снижения эластичности спроса даже при снижении относительной наценки. — The welfare loss does not necessarily decrease with the elasticity of demand, even though the relative markup does.
Russian-English Dictionary "Microeconomics" > безвозвратные потери
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