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1 DÓTTIR
* * *(gen., dat., and acc., dóttur, pl. dœtr), f. daughter.* * *f., gen. dat. acc. dóttur, plur. dœtr, later dætr or dætur; gen. dætra, dat. dætrum; the Icel. keeps a single t throughout in the plur., whereas Swed. and Dan. have döttre; dættr also occurs in Sks. B. (a Norse MS.), and at least once or twice in poetry, cp. the rhyme, Ægis dættr ok tættu, Edda (Ed. A. M.) i. 324; and Hlés dættr, Skálda 198: [Gr. θυγάτηρ; Ulf. dauhtar; A. S. dohtor; Engl. daughter; Swed. dotter; Dan. datter; O. H. G. tohtar; Germ. tochter; the Greek has a short υ, and the Goth. has au, answering to Gr. ο; the diphthongal ó and the double t in the Scandin. is only caused by the suppression of the middle consonant gh]:—a daughter; hann átti dóttur eina er Unnr hét, Nj. 1; Þóra dóttir Sigurðar Orms í auga; Þorgerðr dóttir Þorsteins ens Rauða, 2; Höskuldr átti sér dóttur er Hallgerðr hét, id.; er illt at eiga dáðlausa sonu, ok víst ætla ek yðr til þess betr felda at þér værit dætr föðurs yðvars ok værit giptar, Ld. 236; gott skaplyndi hefðit þér þá fengit, ef þér værit dætr einhvers bónda, 216; nú veit ek at þú ert d. en ekki sonr, er þú þorir eigi at verja frændr þína, Háv. 43. If suffixed to a name, -dóttir denotes a woman, -son a man, e. g. Þorsteinn Egils-son, but his sister Þorgerðr Egils-dóttir; Halldórr Ólafs-son, but Halldóra Ólafs-dóttir, vide the Index of Names to Landn., the Sagas, etc.: this custom, in early times common to all Teut. people, is still in almost exclusive use in Icel., where a lady keeps her name all her life, whether married or not: einga-dóttir, only daughter; sonar-dóttir, son’s daughter; dóttur-dóttir, a daughter’s daughter, a granddaughter, Grág. i. 171; dóttur-maðr, a son-in-law, Germ. eidam, Fms. ix. 240, Grág. i. 175: the waves are poët. called Ránar-dætr, Hlés-dætr, Ægis-dætr, the daughters of Ran, etc., Edda: the Earth is daughter of Onar, and, on the mother’s side, of Night, Edda; the Sun is daughter of Mundil-fari, 7.2. Dótta is a fem. pr. name in Denmark, prob. akin to daughter, Fms. vi. -
2 skila-dottir
f. = skilgetin dóttir, D. N. -
3 ambáttar-dóttir
f. daughter of an a., Eg. 345. -
4 biskups-dóttir
f. a bishop’s daughter, Sturl. i. 207. -
5 eigin-dóttir
f. one’s own daughter, Stj. 516. -
6 einga-dóttir
f. an only daughter, Fas. i. (in a verse), Stj. 407. Judges xi. 34, Þiðr. 224, Fas. i. 76. -
7 fóstr-dóttir
f. a foster-daughter. -
8 frillu-dóttir
f. an illegitimate daughter, Gþl. 238, 239. -
9 guð-dóttir
f. a god-daughter, K. Á. 216. -
10 laun-dóttir
f. a natural daughter. -
11 læri-dóttir
f. a ‘ lore-daughter,’ female disciple, Stj. 157. -
12 skripta-dóttir
f. a ‘shrift-daughter,’ a female confessor, H. E. ii. 190. -
13 systur-dóttir
f. a sister’s daughter, Grág. i. 171, Ld. 26, Finnb. 258; systurdóttur sonr, N. G. L. i. 77. -
14 guðdóttir
f. god-daughter. -
15 kona/systir/dóttir soldáns
-
16 stjúpsystir/-dóttir/-barn
step-sister, step-brother -
17 RÚM
n.1) room, space (hvergi nær hafði þar r. lið þeirra); fá rúms, to get space; e-m liggr e-t í miklu rúmi, it is of great concern, importance to one;2) place, seat (Egill gekk til rúms þess, er dóttir jarlsins hafði setit um daginn);4) ‘room’ in a ship, one for each pair of rowers (mikit skip, þar vóru sex rúm ok tuttugu);5) space of time; þriggja daga r., a space of three days.* * *n. [Ulf. rúms = τόπος; common to all Teut. languages]:—room, space; hvergi nær hafði þar rúm lið þeirra, Eg. 276; gafsk honum svá rúm, 532; ok rúm hindrar þik eigi at vera hvar er þú vill, Stj. 136; fá rúms, to get space, Hm. 106: the phrase, e-m liggr e-t í miklu rúmi, it takes up much room, is of great concern, Fms. i. 208, iv. 80, Fas. iii. 522, Ld. 210, Al. 152; í léttu rúmi, of little concern: the saying, ekki fyllir annars rúm, i. e. everything has its own place.2. a room, seat, place, Am. 58; þeir skolu sitja á miðpalli, þar eigu biskupar várir rúm, Grág. i. 4; gef mér rúm, Fs. 52; ef þeir menn koma til lögréttu er þar eigu setur, en aðrir hafa sezk í rúm þeirra, þá skolu þeir beiða sér rúma, 5; búðar rúm, 24; ór lögsögu-manns rúmi at sjá, 26; Egill gékk til rúms þess er dóttir jarlsins hafði setið um daginn, en er menn skipuðusk í sæti sín, þá gékk jarls-dóttir at rúmi sínu, hón kvað—Hvat skaltú sveinn í sess minn! Eg. 248; hverr í sínu rúmi, Ld. 4; í biskups rúmi sá ek sitja, Bs. i. 155; þokaði hann um manns rúm, Vígl. 25; í dag mun ek búa rúm yðvart á himnum, Post. 656 C. 37; aldrei gékk hann ór rúmi sínu nema jarl gengi, Fs. 69; hann vann sem áðr ok sat í rúmi sínu, Orkn. 200.3. a place of rest, a bed; hann sá rekkju eina, … er þetta rúm var mátuligt, Fs. 5, 7; hann gékk til rúms síns ok lagðisk niðr í klæðum sínum, Eg. 326; síðan rannsakaði hann rúmit er hón hafði hvílt í, 566; Hallfreðr lá í lokhvílu … í því lagði Björn í rúmit, Fs. 200; var biskup færðr heim í Skálaholt, ok var gört rúm hans í kirkju, Bs. i. 63, Nj. 201, Fs.4. naut.; the ships of the ancients were divided into ‘rooms,’ one for each pair of oars; each room consisted of two ‘half-rooms’ (hálf-rými), viz. one for each oar, thus a ship of thirty ‘rooms’ had sixty oars, see Vidal. Skýr. s. v. sessum at telja; á Lang-ormi vóru fjögur rúm ok þrjá-tigi, Fms. i. 219 (fjögur rúm ens sétta tigar, Hkr. i. 294, v. l.), cp. Fms. viii. 181; hann var sjau rúm ok tuttugu, Bs. i. 30; var þat skip þrítugt at rúma tali, ok ekki mikit í sér, … þat skip kallaði hann Tranann, Hkr. i. 275; mikit skip, þar vóru sex rúm ok tuttugu, Fms. viii. 131; var þat þrítugt rúmum, 372. The interesting passage in Fms. ix. 33 (ch. 14) is an instance of ships with double rows of oars; Knútr inn ríki hafði skip furðu-liga stór, hann hafði sjálfr dreka þann er svá var mikill, at sextugr var at ruma tali … Hákon hafði annan dreka, var sá fertugr at rúma tali, Ó. H. 161: the Hálfd. Eyst. S. ch. 26 (of a ship, tirætt at rúma tali) is a mere fable: only a few of the oar-rooms are known by special names, e. g. stafn-rúm, the two fyrir-rúm (eptra ok fremra), the two austr-rúm (one fore and one aft, or even four, cp. senn jósu vér í fjórum rúmum, Fms, vi, in a verse), the klofa-rúm, krappa-rúm, q. v.; betra er autt rúm en ílla skipað, better an empty seat than an ill-filled one, cp. Landn. 82 (in a verse).COMPDS: rúmbrík, rúmfastr, rúmfjöl, rúmföt, rúmgylta, rúmrusk, rúmstafr, rúmstæði. -
18 SONR
(gen. sonar, dat. syni and søni; pl. synir, sønir; ace. sonu and syni), m. son.* * *m., gen. sonar, dat. syni, pl. synir, acc. sonu, and mod. syni, which form occurs in vellums of the end of the 13th century (Cod. Fris.), Sks. 329 B: an acc. sing. sunu, Thorsen 335 (a Dan. Runic stone). The forms syni, synir refer to an older nom. sunr, which is freq. in Norse vellums; on the other hand, Icel, vellums now and then have dat. søni, pl. sønir, Grág. ii. 174; senir, 656 C. 14; Guðs senir, id.; even spelt seyni, seynir, Bs. i, Rafns. S.; the ø (ey) representing the vowel change of o. When sonr is suffixed to a name, the Icel. (but not Norsemen) drop the r, e. g. Snorri Sturlu-son (not sonr); it is in Edd. written in one word, Árni Magnússon, but in the vellums in two words, as in the list D. I. i. 185, 186 (Fiðr Halls son, Hjalti Arnsteins son …): [the root is sunu; cp. Goth. sunus, A. S. sunu, whence Engl. son, Dan. sön, but sen when suffixed, as Peter-sen.]B. A son; skilgetinn sonr, laun-s., bróður-s., systur-s., dóttur-s., sonar-s., Grág. i. 171; sonar-dóttir. id.; sonar-kona, sonar-kvon, a daughter-in-law, N. G. L. i. 350, K. Á. 142; sonar-synir, a son’s sons, grandsons, Eg. 591; sona-torrek, a son’s loss, the name of an old poem, Eg.; sonar-dauði, sonar-missir, Stj.; sonar-bani, slayer of one’s son, Háv. 44, Fms. vi. 106; sonar-bætr, the weregild for a son, Nj. 21, Fms. i. 194; sonar iðgjöld, engi getr s. nema sjálfr ali, Stor.; sona-eign, Ld. 236, Fas. ii. 112; sonar-gjöld = sonar-bætr. Eg. 311; sonar-hefndir, Grett. 150. ☞ We may notice the brief way of stating a pedigree upwards with a running genitive; e. g. móðir hans hét Þórgerðr ok var dóttir Þorsteins ins Rauða, Óláfs-sonar ins Hvíta, Ingjalds-sonar, Helga-sonar, … Th. was the daughter of Th. the Red, son of Olave the White, son of Ingjald, son of Helgi; … Auðr var dóttir Ketils Flatnefs, Bjarnar-sonar Bunu, Grims-sonar hersis or Sogni, A. was the daughter of K. Flatnose, son of Bjórn Buna, son of Grim Hersir of Sogn, Nj. 2, see the Landn. passim. -
19 BÓNDI
* * *(pl. bœndr, gen. bónda), m.1) husbandman, farmer, peasant (dóttir eins lítils bónda); a yeoman, franklin, landowner (hinir stœrri bœndr);2) master, head of a household (= húsbóndi);3) husband (nú er bóndi dauðr, en kona lifir eptir).* * *a, m.: older form búandi, or even bóandi, pl. búendr or bóendr; gen. búanda, bóanda; dat. buöndum, bóöndum, Edda 28, Grág. i. 370, 371. Ó. H. 203, 209–211, 215, Nj. 14, 220; búanda (gen. pl.), 211, 212, 215–217, 220; búöndum, 219; bóandi, Grág. i. 114, 157, 187, 377, Nj. 52; but the common Icel. form is bóndi, pl. bændr; gen. dat. pl. in old writers either bónda, bóndum, or as at present keeping the æ throughout all plur. cases (bænda, (gen.) bændum): properly a part. act. from búa (turned into a noun subst., cp. frændi, fjándi), A. S. buan; Germ. bauer, and therefore originally a tiller of the ground, husbandman, but it always involved the sense of ownership, and included all owners of land (or bú, q. v.). from the petty freeholder to the franklin, and esp. the class represented by the yeoman of England generally or the statesman of Westmoreland and Cumberland: hence it came to mean the master of the house, A. S. bond and hûsbond, Engl. husband.1. a husbandman. The law distinguishes between a grið-maðr a labourer, búðsetu-maðr a cottager, and a búandi or bóndi a man who has land and stock. In the Icel. Commonwealth only the b. (but neither cottager or labourer) could act as judge or neighbour who gave witness in acquittal of a culprit (cp. þingheyjandi); the griðmaðr could only partly be admitted to the tylptarkviðr, not to the búakviðr, Grág. i. 35, 114; ek ryð þessa tvá menn ór kviðburðinum fyrir þá sök, at þeir eru búðsetu-menn en eigi bændr, Nj. 236; cp. l. c. below, where the distinction between both is defined. The Norse law, on the other hand, distinguishes between hersir or lendir menn ( barons) and búandi, cp. the interesting passage Fms. vi. 279 (verðr mér þá lends manns nafn ekki at virðingu; nú vil ek heldr heita bóndi sem ek á ætt til); the Norse hauldr- or óðals-bóndi nearly answers to the Engl. ‘yeoman.’ In the more despotic Norway and Denmark, as in continental Europe, ‘bóndi’ became a word of contempt, denoting the common, low people, opp. to the king and his ‘men’ (hirð), the royal officers, etc.; just as the Engl. boor degenerated from A. S. gebur, Germ. bauer, Dutch boer; and in mod. Dan. bönder means plebs, a boor; such is the use of bóndi in the Fms., esp. Sverr. S. and Hák. S. In the Icel. Commonwealth the word has a good sense, and is often used of the foremost men—Sighvatr bóndi, Sturl. ii. 78; Rafn bóndi (i. e. Sveinbjarnarsson), Bs. i. Rafn. S. several times; Rútr talaði þá til Marðar, hugsa þú svá um bóndi (Mord Gigja), Nj. 3; optar hefir þú glaðari verit, búndi, en nú, 174 (of Flosi); Njáll bóndi, id.; Þorsteinn bóndi, Illugi bóndi, Gunnl. S. Ísl. ii; Björn bóndi, Safn i. 657; Björn bóndi Einarsson (Jórsalafari), Ann. 1393; Ari bóndi, Daði bóndi, Bs. ii. 474, 505; it is only opp. to the clerks (clergy) or knights, etc. This notion of the word ( a franklin) still prevails in the mind of Icelanders.2. a husband, A. S. hûsbond; eigi var skegglauss Þorvaldr bóandi þinn, Nj. 52, Grág. i. 371, 377, Fms. i. 149; hjá hvílu búanda þíns, Nj. 14. [The learned Icel. clergyman Eyjulf on Vellir (died A. D. 1747) has written a short essay upoii the word bóndi, Icel. MSS. Bodl. no. 71.]COMPDS:—(in mod. use always bænda- if pl., bónda- if sing.)—bónda-bani, a, m. a slayer of a bóndi, Fms. vi. 104. bónda-ból, n. (bónda-bær, m.), a farm, Grett. 96 A. bónda-dóttir, f. a bóndi’s daughter, Eg. 24, Snót 18. bónda-eiðr, m. a bundi’s oath, Gþl. 67. bónda-far, n. a bóndi’s ferry-boat, Hkr. ii. 292. bónda-fé, n. a provincial fund, Gþl. 11. bónda-fólk, n. a class of bændr, Fms. vii. 293. bónda-fylking (búanda-), f. a host of bændr, Fms. viii. 126. bónda-herr, m. an army of bændr, Fms. i. 162. bónda-hlutr. m. = bóndatíund. Fr. bónda-hus, n. a bóndi’s house, K. Þ. K. 26. bónda-hvíla, u, f. a bóndi’s bed, El. 9. bónda-kirkja (búanda-), u, f. the church belonging to the bóndi in Thingvalla, where the parliament was held; and búanda-kirkjugarðr, m. the churchyard to that church, vide Nj. and Grág. This church was erected about the middle of the 11th century, vide Kristni S., Fms. vi. 266. bónda-kona, u, f. a good wife of a bóndi, Gþl. 511. bónda-laus, adj. husband-less, widowed, Stj. 420. bónda-lega, u, f. the burial place of bændr, N. G. L. i. 368. bónda-lið, n. = bóndaherr, Fms. ii. 48. bónda-ligr, adj. farmer-like. bónda-múgr, m. a crowd, host of bændr, Fms. xi. 248. bónda-nafn, n. the name, title of bóndi, Fms. vi. 279, Gþl. 106. bónda-réttr (búanda-), m. the right of a bóndi, Fms. ix. 135. bónda-safnaðr (- samnaðr) = bóndamúgr, Hkr. ii. 307, Fms. vii. 320. bónda-skapr, m. the state of the bændr, opp. to the clergy, Bs. i. 590. bónda-son, m. the son of a bóndi, Eg. 232. bónda-tala, u, f., vera í b., to be told or counted among bændr, Fas. ii. 326. bónda-tíund, f. tithe to be paid by bændr, Vm. 104. bónda-ungi, a, m. a young bóndi, Hkr. iii. 275. bónda-val, n. the elite of bændr; var þá gott b., there were choice bændr to be found, Sturl. i. 130, Landn. 236. bónda-ætt, f. a bóndi’s extraction, Fms. vi. 278. -
20 KARL
(-s, -ar), m.1) man, opp. to woman (brigðr er karla hugr konum);2) a man of the common people, a carle;3) old man.* * *m. [a word common to all Teut. languages, although not recorded in Ulf.; A. S. carl, ceorl; Engl. carle, churl; Germ. kerl, etc.]:—a man, opp. to a woman; brigðr er karla hugr konum, Hm. 90; kostum drepr kvenna karla ofríki, Am. 69; often in allit. phrases, karla ok konur, konur ok karlar, etc.; bæði karlar ok konur, Fms. i. 14, Kb. 276, 298; kvenna ok karla, Edda 21; drápu þeir menn alla, unga ok gamla, konur sem karla, Fms. ii. 134, viii. 432; er þat ekki karla at annask um matreiðu, Nj. 48; taldi hón afleiðis þoka kurteisi karlanna, er þá skyldi heita verða fyrir þeim sem óhraustum konum, Bs. i. 340; karlar tólf vetra gamlir eða ellri eru lög-segendr eða lög-sjáendr, Grág. ii. 31; yngri menn en sextán vetra gamlir karlar, eða konur yngri en tuttugu, K. Þ. K.; samborin systir, bæði til karls ok konu, a sister on the father’s and mother’s side, D. N. ii. 528; spurði hvat konu varðaði ef hón væri í brókum jafnan svá sem karlar, Ld. 136; svá er mælt um karla ef þeir klæðask kvenna klæðnaði, Grág. (Kb.) ii. 204.COMPDS: karlafólk, karlaföt, karlasiðr, karlaskáli, karlavegr, karlsefni, karlsungi.B. In a political sense, the common folk, opp. to great folk, see jarl; vér karla börn ok kerlinga, we bairns of carles and carlines, Hkr. i. (in a verse), opp. to hróðmögr Haralds, the king’s son; þaðan eru komnar Karla ættir, Rm. 22; era þat karls ætt er at kvernum stendr, Hkv. 2. 2; kölluðu Karl, Rm. 18; ek em konungs dóttir en eigi karls, I am a king’s daughter and not a carle’s, Fas. i. 225; skyldi hón gæta hjarðar ok aldri annat vitask, en hón væri karls dóttir ok kerlingar, 22 (of a king’s daughter in disguise): in the allit. phrase, fyrir konung ok karl, for king and churl, D. N. i. 523, ii. 747, Gþl. 137; so in the saying, þat er margt í karls húsi sem eigi er í konungs garði, there are many things in the carle’s cottage that are not in the king’s palace, Gísl. 79, Fas. iii. 155, Mag. 73: mod., það er mart í koti karls sem kongs er ekki í ranni; so also in the popular tales, which often begin with the phrase, that there was a Kongr og dróttning í riki sinu og karl og kerling í Garðs-horni, and have as a standing incident that the churl’s son marries the king’s daughter, Ísl. Þjóðs. ii, cp. also Ó. T. (1853) pref.; svo byrjar þessa sögu at karl bjó ok átti sér kerlingu, Parc. (begin.); karl hefir búit ok kona öldruð, Fb. ii. 331 (in a verse); karls son, a churl’s son, Fms. ix. 509. karla-ættir, f. pl. the churls, Rm.II. a house-carle, servant; hrundu þeir fram skútu, ok hlupu þar á sex karlar, Nj. 18; hón hafði á skipi með sér tuttugu karla frjálsa, Landn. 109, cp. Fb. i. 265; hús-karl, bú-karl, salt-karl, q. v.; Sléttu-karlar, Fbr.; cp. Swed. Dale-karlar.III. in contempt; fret-karl, q. v.; staf-karl (Norse stakkar, Dan. stakkel), a ‘staff-churl,’ beggar: in the phrase, karl ok kýll, beggar and bag, Nj. 274; bragða-karl, a cunning fellow; lítill karl, you little wretch! þú þorðir ekki, lítill karl, at segja satt til, Fbr. 39 new Ed.: in mod. usage also in a good sense, góðr karl, a good fellow; harðr karl, a hardy carle: as also with the article, karlinn = Germ. der kerl.C. An old carle, old man, opp. to kerling; svá skal körlum skipta ok kerlingum, sem öðrum skuldum, N. G. L. i. 51; heyrit þér hvat karlinn mælir, Nj. 143; karl inn skegglausi; Þorbjörn karl, the old carle Th., Eb. 176; Arngeirr karl, Bjarn. 59, 69, 71; einn gamall karl, Barl. 74; karl afgamall, a decrepit old carle, Eg. (in a verse); hann glíkir sik gömlum karli, Stj, 475, passim in old and mod. usage.
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Herkunftsname — Ein Familienname (auch Nachname, Zuname oder amtsdeutsch einfach Name) dient als Ergänzung zum Vornamen zur besseren Unterscheidbarkeit von Personen. Im Hochdeutschen steht nach dem Vornamen und eventuellen Zwischennamen der Familienname an… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Mädchenname — Ein Familienname (auch Nachname, Zuname oder amtsdeutsch einfach Name) dient als Ergänzung zum Vornamen zur besseren Unterscheidbarkeit von Personen. Im Hochdeutschen steht nach dem Vornamen und eventuellen Zwischennamen der Familienname an… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Nachname — Ein Familienname (auch Nachname, Zuname oder amtsdeutsch einfach Name) dient als Ergänzung zum Vornamen zur besseren Unterscheidbarkeit von Personen. Im Hochdeutschen steht nach dem Vornamen und eventuellen Zwischennamen der Familienname an… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Nordische Mythologie — Mythische Personen und Orte (Die Liste ist nicht vollständig) Asen Balder, Bör, Bragi, Buri, Dag, Delling, Forseti, Heimdall, Hermod, Höder, Hönir, Kvasir, Lodur, Loki, Magni und Modi, Odr, Odin … Deutsch Wikipedia
