current-generating

1) General subject: power station

2) Military: generating station

3) Engineering: power house, power plant

4) Railway term: power generating plant

5) Metallurgy: current-generating plant

6) Electronics: generating plant

current-generating; agregat prądotwórczy current-generating unit.

 

аппаратура получения токов управляющих частот
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[ ГОСТ 22832-77]

Тематики

• системы передачи

EN

• control current generating equipment

DE

• Steuerstromerzeugung-Einrichtungen

FR

• equipement generateur des courants de commande

1) Naval: generating plant, generating set

2) Engineering: generator set

3) Construction: gen set

4) Railway term: Current generating plant

5) Metallurgy: generator plant, generator unit

6) Geophysics: transmitter coil, transmitter loop, transmitting coil, transmitting loop

7) Sakhalin energy glossary: generator package

8) General subject: generator

1) Military: generating unit

2) Engineering: electric set generator, generating set, generator set, generator set (gs)

3) Railway term: Current generating plant

 

ток, создающий поле возбуждения
—
[Я.Н.Лугинский, М.С.Фези-Жилинская, Ю.С.Кабиров. Англо-русский словарь по электротехнике и электроэнергетике, Москва, 1999 г.]

Тематики

• электротехника, основные понятия

EN

• field-generating current

SUBJECT AREA: Horology

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Warren studied electrical engineering at the Boston Institute of Technology (later to become the Massachusetts Institute of Technology) and graduated in 1894. In 1912 he formed the Warren Electric Clock Company to make a battery-powered clock that he had patented a few years earlier. The name was changed to the Warren Telechron (time at a distance) Company after he had started to produce synchronous clocks.

In 1840 Charles Wheatstone had produced an electric master clock that produced an alternating current with a frequency of one cycle per second and which was used to drive slave dials. This system was not successful, but when Ferranti introduced the first alternating current power generator at Deptford in 1895 Hope-Jones saw in it a means of distributing time. This did not materialize immediately because the power generators did not control the frequency of the current with sufficient accuracy, and a reliable motor whose speed was related to this frequency was not available. In 1916 Warren solved both problems: he produced a reliable self-starting synchronous electric motor and he also made a master clock which could be used at the power station to control accurately the frequency of the supply. Initially the power-generating companies were reluctant to support the synchronous clock because it imposed a liability to control the frequency of the supply and the gain was likely to be small because it was very frugal in its use of power. However, with the advent of the grid system, when several generators were connected together, it became imperative to control the frequency; it was realized that although the power consumption of individual clocks was small, collectively it could be significant as they ran continuously. By the end of the 1930s more than half the clocks sold in the USA were of the synchronous type. The Warren synchronous clock was introduced into Great Britain in 1927, following the setting up of a grid system by the Electricity Commission.

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n (Elektrizitätswerk) < Umwelt> generating station

* * *

m electronics generator

* * *

generatore agg. generative, generating, productive

◆ s.m.

1 generator, producer

2 (mecc., elettr.) generator: generatore di corrente alternata, alternating current generator (o alternator); generatore di corrente continua, direct current generator (o dynamo); generatore elettrostatico, electrostatic generator; generatore di radiofrequenza, oscillator; generatore di vapore, steam generator: generatore per corrente alternata e continua, double current generator.

* * *

aggettivo generative

sostantivo maschile tecn. generator

* * *

generatore

/dʒenera'tore/

I aggettivo

 generative

II sostantivo maschile

 tecn. generator.

* * *

1. (устройство для включения и отключения цепей и установок преимущественно при нормальных режимах и для целей управления) switch

включа́ть выключа́тель — close the switch

выключа́тель вы́веден на … (переднюю, заднюю и т. п. панель) — the switch is brought out to …

выключа́ть выключа́тель — open the switch

выключа́тель замыка́ет цепь — the switch makes [completes] the circuit

выключа́тель размыка́ет [разрыва́ет] цепь — the switch breaks [interrupts] the circuit

ста́вить выключа́тель в положе́ние ВКЛ или ВЫКЛ — move [set, place] the switch to [in] the ON or OFF position

2. ( мат для отключения цепей и установок преимущественно в аварийных режимах) (automatic) circuit breaker

включа́ть выключа́тель повто́рно — reclose the circuit breaker

включа́ть выключа́тель, стоя́щий на защё́лке — trip the circuit breaker

довключа́ть выключа́тель — push past the closed position

выключа́тель отключа́ет ток коро́ткого замыка́ния — the circuit breaker interrupts short-circuit current

выключа́тель отключё́н — the circuit breaker is open

автога́зовый выключа́тель — hard-gas [self-generated, gas-blast] circuit breaker

быстроде́йствующий выключа́тель

1. high-speed switch

2. high-speed circuit breaker

ва́куумный выключа́тель — vacuum switch

взрывозащищё́нный выключа́тель — брит. flame-proof switch; амер. explosion-proof switch

возду́шный выключа́тель

1. air(-break) switch

2. air(-break) circuit breaker

выключа́тель в це́пи управле́ния — control switch

генера́торный выключа́тель — generating-station circuit breaker

герко́новый выключа́тель — reed switch

гермети́ческий выключа́тель — hermetically sealed switch

горшко́вый выключа́тель — small-oil volume separate-pole porcelain-insulated circuit breaker

группово́й выключа́тель — group switch

дверно́й выключа́тель — door(-operated) switch

двухпо́люсный выключа́тель — double-pole switch

дистанцио́нный выключа́тель — remote switch

дифманометри́ческий выключа́тель — differential-pressure switch

выключа́тель для откры́той прово́дки — surface switch

выключа́тель для скры́той прово́дки — flush(-mounting) switch

заземля́ющий выключа́тель — брит. earthing switch; амер. grounding switch

закры́тый выключа́тель — enclosed [safety] switch

и́мпульсный выключа́тель — impulse switch

кно́почный выключа́тель — push-button switch

конта́ктный выключа́тель — contact switch

концево́й выключа́тель — limit switch

кулачко́вый выключа́тель — cam(-operated) switch

лине́йный выключа́тель — line circuit breaker

максима́льный выключа́тель — overcurrent [overvoltage] circuit breaker

малоё́мкостный выключа́тель — anti-capacitance switch

малома́сляный выключа́тель — small-oil volume [low-oil content] circuit breaker

ма́сляный выключа́тель

1. oil(-immersed) switch

2. oil circuit breaker

ма́сляный, ба́ковый выключа́тель — single-tank oil circuit breaker

ма́сляный, ка́мерный выключа́тель — multitank oil circuit breaker

выключа́тель мгнове́нного де́йствия — snap(action) switch

минима́льный выключа́тель — low-voltage [under-voltage] circuit breaker, low-current [under-current] circuit breaker

многоконта́ктный выключа́тель — multi(ple-)contact switch

многопозицио́нный выключа́тель — multi(ple-)position switch

выключа́тель нагру́зки — load-breaking isolator

выключа́тель нака́ла — filament switch

выключа́тель на одно́ или два направле́ния — single-way or double-way switch

выключа́тель на одно́ или два фикси́рованных положе́ния — single or double throw switch

выключа́тель на ответвле́нии — branch switch

ножево́й выключа́тель — knife(-blade) switch

ножно́й выключа́тель — foot(-operated) switch

норма́льно за́мкнутый выключа́тель — normally closed [N.C.] switch

норма́льно разо́мкнутый выключа́тель — normally open [N.O.] switch

выключа́тель обхо́дов — by-pass switch

однопо́люсный выключа́тель — single-pole switch

выключа́тель освеще́ния, дверно́й — door light switch

паке́тный выключа́тель — rotary [packet] switch

выключа́тель пита́ния — power switch

пневмати́ческий выключа́тель — air-pressure switch

подстанцио́нный выключа́тель — substation circuit breaker

поплавко́вый выключа́тель — float [liquid-level] switch

пусково́й выключа́тель — starting switch

путево́й выключа́тель — limit switch

рту́тный выключа́тель — mercury switch

ручно́й выключа́тель — hand-operated [manual] switch

выключа́тель с автомати́ческим повто́рным включе́нием — auto(matic)-reclosing circuit breaker

выключа́тель с автомати́ческим повто́рным включе́нием, многокра́тный — multishot auto-reclosing circuit breaker

выключа́тель с автомати́ческим повто́рным включе́нием, однора́зовый — single-shot auto-reclosing circuit breaker

сблоки́рованный выключа́тель — interlocked switch

выключа́тель с блоки́рующим устро́йством — lock-out circuit breaker

выключа́тель с больши́м объё́мом ма́сла — bulk-oil circuit breaker

выключа́тель с возду́шным дутьё́м — air-blast circuit breaker

выключа́тель с вы́держкой вре́мени — delayed-action switch

выключа́тель с вы́держкой вре́мени на замыка́ние — delayed make switch

выключа́тель с вы́держкой вре́мени на размыка́ние — delayed break switch

выключа́тель с га́зовым дутьё́м — gas-blast circuit breaker

секцио́нный выключа́тель

1. sectionalizing switch

2. sectionalizing circuit breaker, sectionalizer

сетево́й выключа́тель — mains switch

силово́й выключа́тель — power switch

выключа́тель с магни́тным дутьё́м — magnetic blow-out [blast] circuit breaker

выключа́тель с магни́тным при́водом — magnetically operated switch

выключа́тель с одни́м или двумя́ разры́вами — single-break or double-break switch

солено́идный выключа́тель — solenoid switch

выключа́тель со свобо́дным расщепле́нием — trip-free circuit breaker

выключа́тель с пла́вким предохрани́телем — fuse(d) switch

выключа́тель с пневмати́ческим при́водом — pneumatically operated circuit breaker

выключа́тель с пружи́нным возвра́том — spring-return switch

выключа́тель с роговы́м искрогаси́телем — horn-gap switch

столбово́й выключа́тель — pole switch

ступе́нчатый выключа́тель — step switch

выключа́тель с часовы́м механи́змом — clock-controlled switch

теплово́й выключа́тель — thermal cut-out

тири́сторный выключа́тель — thyristor switch

флажко́вый выключа́тель — (mechanical) flag switch

центробе́жный выключа́тель — centrifugal switch

шиносоедини́тельный выключа́тель — busbar coupler, bus-tie switch

ште́псельный выключа́тель — plug(-in) switch

щелчко́вый выключа́тель — snap switch

элега́зовый выключа́тель — sulphur hexafluoride switch

электромагни́тный выключа́тель — solenoid(-operated) switch

электромехани́ческий выключа́тель — motor(-operated) switch

SUBJECT AREA: Architecture and building, Automotive engineering, Electricity, Electronics and information technology, Metallurgy, Photography, film and optics, Public utilities, Recording, Telecommunications

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He was the son of Samuel Edison, who was in the timber business. His schooling was delayed due to scarlet fever until 1855, when he was 8½ years old, but he was an avid reader. By the age of 14 he had a job as a newsboy on the railway from Port Huron to Detroit, a distance of sixty-three miles (101 km). He worked a fourteen-hour day with a stopover of five hours, which he spent in the Detroit Free Library. He also sold sweets on the train and, later, fruit and vegetables, and was soon making a profit of $20 a week. He then started two stores in Port Huron and used a spare freight car as a laboratory. He added a hand-printing press to produce 400 copies weekly of The Grand Trunk Herald, most of which he compiled and edited himself. He set himself to learn telegraphy from the station agent at Mount Clements, whose son he had saved from being run over by a freight car.

At the age of 16 he became a telegraphist at Port Huron. In 1863 he became railway telegraphist at the busy Stratford Junction of the Grand Trunk Railroad, arranging a clock with a notched wheel to give the hourly signal which was to prove that he was awake and at his post! He left hurriedly after failing to hold a train which was nearly involved in a head-on collision. He usually worked the night shift, allowing himself time for experiments during the day. His first invention was an arrangement of two Morse registers so that a high-speed input could be decoded at a slower speed. Moving from place to place he held many positions as a telegraphist. In Boston he invented an automatic vote recorder for Congress and patented it, but the idea was rejected. This was the first of a total of 1180 patents that he was to take out during his lifetime. After six years he resigned from the Western Union Company to devote all his time to invention, his next idea being an improved ticker-tape machine for stockbrokers. He developed a duplex telegraphy system, but this was turned down by the Western Union Company. He then moved to New York.

Edison found accommodation in the battery room of Law's Gold Reporting Company, sleeping in the cellar, and there his repair of a broken transmitter marked him as someone of special talents. His superior soon resigned, and he was promoted with a salary of $300 a month. Western Union paid him $40,000 for the sole rights on future improvements on the duplex telegraph, and he moved to Ward Street, Newark, New Jersey, where he employed a gathering of specialist engineers. Within a year, he married one of his employees, Mary Stilwell, when she was only 16: a daughter, Marion, was born in 1872, and two sons, Thomas and William, in 1876 and 1879, respectively.

He continued to work on the automatic telegraph, a device to send out messages faster than they could be tapped out by hand: that is, over fifty words per minute or so. An earlier machine by Alexander Bain worked at up to 400 words per minute, but was not good over long distances. Edison agreed to work on improving this feature of Bain's machine for the Automatic Telegraph Company (ATC) for $40,000. He improved it to a working speed of 500 words per minute and ran a test between Washington and New York. Hoping to sell their equipment to the Post Office in Britain, ATC sent Edison to England in 1873 to negotiate. A 500-word message was to be sent from Liverpool to London every half-hour for six hours, followed by tests on 2,200 miles (3,540 km) of cable at Greenwich. Only confused results were obtained due to induction in the cable, which lay coiled in a water tank. Edison returned to New York, where he worked on his quadruplex telegraph system, tests of which proved a success between New York and Albany in December 1874. Unfortunately, simultaneous negotiation with Western Union and ATC resulted in a lawsuit.

Alexander Graham Bell was granted a patent for a telephone in March 1876 while Edison was still working on the same idea. His improvements allowed the device to operate over a distance of hundreds of miles instead of only a few miles. Tests were carried out over the 106 miles (170 km) between New York and Philadelphia. Edison applied for a patent on the carbon-button transmitter in April 1877, Western Union agreeing to pay him $6,000 a year for the seventeen-year duration of the patent. In these years he was also working on the development of the electric lamp and on a duplicating machine which would make up to 3,000 copies from a stencil. In 1876–7 he moved from Newark to Menlo Park, twenty-four miles (39 km) from New York on the Pennsylvania Railway, near Elizabeth. He had bought a house there around which he built the premises that would become his "inventions factory". It was there that he began the use of his 200- page pocket notebooks, each of which lasted him about two weeks, so prolific were his ideas. When he died he left 3,400 of them filled with notes and sketches.

Late in 1877 he applied for a patent for a phonograph which was granted on 19 February 1878, and by the end of the year he had formed a company to manufacture this totally new product. At the time, Edison saw the device primarily as a business aid rather than for entertainment, rather as a dictating machine. In August 1878 he was granted a British patent. In July 1878 he tried to measure the heat from the solar corona at a solar eclipse viewed from Rawlins, Wyoming, but his "tasimeter" was too sensitive.

Probably his greatest achievement was "The Subdivision of the Electric Light" or the "glow bulb". He tried many materials for the filament before settling on carbon. He gave a demonstration of electric light by lighting up Menlo Park and inviting the public. Edison was, of course, faced with the problem of inventing and producing all the ancillaries which go to make up the electrical system of generation and distribution-meters, fuses, insulation, switches, cabling—even generators had to be designed and built; everything was new. He started a number of manufacturing companies to produce the various components needed.

In 1881 he built the world's largest generator, which weighed 27 tons, to light 1,200 lamps at the Paris Exhibition. It was later moved to England to be used in the world's first central power station with steam engine drive at Holborn Viaduct, London. In September 1882 he started up his Pearl Street Generating Station in New York, which led to a worldwide increase in the application of electric power, particularly for lighting. At the same time as these developments, he built a 1,300yd (1,190m) electric railway at Menlo Park.

On 9 August 1884 his wife died of typhoid. Using his telegraphic skills, he proposed to 19-year-old Mina Miller in Morse code while in the company of others on a train. He married her in February 1885 before buying a new house and estate at West Orange, New Jersey, building a new laboratory not far away in the Orange Valley.

Edison used direct current which was limited to around 250 volts. Alternating current was largely developed by George Westinghouse and Nicola Tesla, using transformers to step up the current to a higher voltage for long-distance transmission. The use of AC gradually overtook the Edison DC system.

In autumn 1888 he patented a form of cinephotography, the kinetoscope, obtaining film-stock from George Eastman. In 1893 he set up the first film studio, which was pivoted so as to catch the sun, with a hinged roof which could be raised. In 1894 kinetoscope parlours with "peep shows" were starting up in cities all over America. Competition came from the Latham Brothers with a screen-projection machine, which Edison answered with his "Vitascope", shown in New York in 1896. This showed pictures with accompanying sound, but there was some difficulty with synchronization. Edison also experimented with captions at this early date.

In 1880 he filed a patent for a magnetic ore separator, the first of nearly sixty. He bought up deposits of low-grade iron ore which had been developed in the north of New Jersey. The process was a commercial success until the discovery of iron-rich ore in Minnesota rendered it uneconomic and uncompetitive. In 1898 cement rock was discovered in New Village, west of West Orange. Edison bought the land and started cement manufacture, using kilns twice the normal length and using half as much fuel to heat them as the normal type of kiln. In 1893 he met Henry Ford, who was building his second car, at an Edison convention. This started him on the development of a battery for an electric car on which he made over 9,000 experiments. In 1903 he sold his patent for wireless telegraphy "for a song" to Guglielmo Marconi.

In 1910 Edison designed a prefabricated concrete house. In December 1914 fire destroyed three-quarters of the West Orange plant, but it was at once rebuilt, and with the threat of war Edison started to set up his own plants for making all the chemicals that he had previously been buying from Europe, such as carbolic acid, phenol, benzol, aniline dyes, etc. He was appointed President of the Navy Consulting Board, for whom, he said, he made some forty-five inventions, "but they were pigeonholed, every one of them". Thus did Edison find that the Navy did not take kindly to civilian interference.

In 1927 he started the Edison Botanic Research Company, founded with similar investment from Ford and Firestone with the object of finding a substitute for overseas-produced rubber. In the first year he tested no fewer than 3,327 possible plants, in the second year, over 1,400, eventually developing a variety of Golden Rod which grew to 14 ft (4.3 m) in height. However, all this effort and money was wasted, due to the discovery of synthetic rubber.

In October 1929 he was present at Henry Ford's opening of his Dearborn Museum to celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of the incandescent lamp, including a replica of the Menlo Park laboratory. He was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal and was elected to the American Academy of Sciences. He died in 1931 at his home, Glenmont; throughout the USA, lights were dimmed temporarily on the day of his funeral.

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прямой пуск вращающегося электродвигателя
Пуск вращающегося электродвигателя путем непосредственного подключения его к питающей сети.
[ ГОСТ 27471-87]

EN

direct-on-line starting
across-the-line starting (US)
the process of starting a motor by connecting it directly to the supply at rated voltage
[IEV number 411-52-15]

FR

démarrage direct
mode de démarrage d'un moteur, consistant à lui appliquer directement sa pleine tension assignée
[IEV number 411-52-15]

Рис. ABB
Схема прямого пуска электродвигателя

Magnetic only circuit-breaker - Автоматический выключатель с электромагнитным расцепителем

Contactor KL - Контактор KL

Thermal relay - Тепловое реле

 

Параллельные тексты EN-RU

Direct-on-line starting

Direct-on-line starting, which is often abbreviated as DOL, is perhaps the most traditional system and consists in connecting the motor directly to the supply network, thus carrying out starting at full voltage.

Direct-on-line starting represents the simplest and the most economical system to start a squirrel-cage asynchronous motor and it is the most used.

As represented in Figure 5, it provides the direct connection to the supply network and therefore starting is carried out at full voltage and with constant frequency, developing a high starting torque with very reduced acceleration times.

The typical applications are relevant to small power motors also with full load starting.

These advantages are linked to some problems such as, for example, the high inrush current, which - in the first instants - can reach values of about 10 to 12 times the rated current, then can decrease to about 6 to 8 times the rated current and can persist to reach the maximum torque speed.

The effects of such currents can be identified with the high electro-dynamical stresses on the motor connection cables and could affect also the windings of the motor itself; besides, the high inrush torques can cause violent accelerations which stress the transmission components (belts and joints) generating distribution problems with a reduction in the mechanical life of these elements.

Finally, also the possible electrical problems due to voltage drops on the supply line of the motor or of the connected equipment must be taken into consideration.
[ABB]

Прямой пуск

Прямой пуск, который по-английски часто сокращенно обозначают как DOL, является, пожалуй наиболее распространенным способом пуска. Он заключается в непосредственном (т. е. прямом) подключении двигателя к питающей сети. Это означает, что пуск двигателя осуществляется при полном напряжении.

Схема прямого пуска является наиболее простым, экономичным и чаще всего применяемым решением для электродвигателей с короткозамкнутым ротором.

Схема прямого подключения к сети представлена на рисунке 5. Пуск осуществляется при полном напряжении и постоянной частоте сети. Электродвигатель развивает высокий пусковой момент при коротком времени разгона.

Типичные области применения – маломощные электродвигатели, в том числе с пуском при полной нагрузке.

Однако, наряду с преимуществами имеются и определенные недостатки, например, бросок пускового тока, достигающий в первоначальный момент 10…12-кратного значения от номинального тока электродвигателя. Затем ток двигателя уменьшается примерно до 6…8-кратного значения номинального тока и будет держаться на этом уровне до тех пор, пока скорость двигателя не достигнет максимального значения.

Такое изменение тока оказывает значительное электродинамическое воздействие на кабель, подключенный к двигателю. Кроме того пусковой ток воздействует на обмотки двигателя. Высокий начальный пусковой момент может привести к значительному ускорению и следовательно к значительной нагрузке элементов привода (ремней, крепления узлов), что вызывает сокращение их срока службы.

И, наконец, следует принять во внимание возможное возникновение проблем, связанных с падением напряжения в линии питания двигателя и подключенного к этой линии оборудования.
[Перевод Интент]

 

Тематики

• машины электрические вращающиеся в целом
• управление электродвигателями
• электродвигатель асинхронный

Синонимы

• прямой пуск

EN

• across-the-line starting (US)
• direct line starting
• direct operation of a motor
• direct starting
• direct-on-line starting
• DOL
• full voltage starter application

DE

• Anlauf mit direktem Einschalten

FR

• démarrage direct

 

"дуговая" неисправность
Неисправность, приводящая к возникновению дуги.
[Интент]

Параллельные тексты EN-RU

An arc fault occurs when there is a reduction in the dielectric strength of the insulating means (air, in LV switchboards) interposed between two or more conducting elements at different potential.

The arc is generated at the moment when, due to the high ionization of the air, there is a breakdown of the dielectric of the medium and the consequent flow of the current through it.

In an arc fault the highest stresses are of thermal type and proportional to RaI² owing to the high value taken by the arc resistance Ra; this because the fault current flows in a medium which is always insulating, even if extremely ionized.

Such stresses manifest themselves essentially in the form of:
• high thermal gradients caused by the quick and intense rise in the air temperature;
• high pressure gradients in the form of pressure wave;
• high ionization of the air with consequent reduction of its insulating strength.

Generally speaking, in a LV assembly designed and tested according to the Standard IEC 60439-1 an arc fault is not very likely to occur; however, should it occur, the consequences would be extremely harmful to both the equipment as well as the personnel (see Chapters 2.2 and 2.3).

The causes of an arc fault can be both technical as well as non technical; among the latter the most frequent are the following:
• personnel errors, above all during maintenance operations;
• installation operations not sufficiently accurate;
• inadequate maintenance, above all in the case of severe environmental conditions.

Among the technical causes of an arc fault in a LV assembly the following ones are to be remembered:
• breakdown of the insulation essentially in the proximity of the supports of the busbars and of the plug-in contacts of the withdrawable units (75% of cases);
• overvoltages generating disruptive discharges between the points at minimum clearances (15% of cases);
• constructional defects of the apparatus (10% of cases).

[ABB]

К «дуговой» неисправности, относится неисправность, обусловленная уменьшением электрической прочности изолирующей среды (воздуха в НКУ) между двумя или более токоведущими частями, находящимися под разными электрическими потенциалами.

Дуга образуется в тот момент, когда вследствие высокой ионизации воздуха происходит пробой изолирующей среды, вследствие чего через нее начинает протекать электрический ток.

Проявлением дуговой неисправности, является тепловое воздействие, пропорциональное RaI² и достигающее большого значения вследствие большого сопротивления дуги Ra.
Дело в том, что ток дуги протекает через среду, которая всегда является изолирующей, пусть даже и чрезвычайно ионизированной.

Указанные воздействия очевидны сами по себе особенно в форме:
• теплового градиента температуры, вызванного быстрым и интенсивным подъемом температуры воздуха;
• высоким градиентом давления в форме волны давления;
• высокой ионизацией воздуха с последующим уменьшением электрической прочности.

Вообще говоря, в НКУ, разработанных и испытанных в соответствии с требованиями стандарта МЭК 60439-1 «дуговая» неисправность маловероятна. Однако, если дуга все таки возникнет, ее последствия буду чрезвычайно тяжелыми как для оборудования, так и для персонала (см. п. 2.2 и 2.3).

Причина дуговой неисправности может носить как технический, так и нетехнический характер. Среди последних наиболее часто возникают следующие:
• ошибки персонала, совершаемые главным образом во время технического обслуживания;
• недостаточно аккуратное выполнение монтажа;
• ненадлежащее техническое обслуживание, главным образом при эксплуатации НКУ в тяжелых условиях окружающей среды.

Среди технических причин дуговой неисправности в НКУ необходимо помнить о следующих:
• пробой изоляции, особенно вблизи опор шин и втычных контактов выдвижных частей НКУ (75 % случаев);
• перенапряжения, вызываемые разрушительными электрическими разрядами между точками с минимальными зазорами (15 % случаев);
• конструктивные дефекты аппаратуры (10 % случаев).

[Перевод Интент]

Тематики

• НКУ (шкафы, пульты,...)

EN

• arc fault