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1 ротация сельскохозяйственных культур
ротация сельскохозяйственных культур
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
crop rotation
An agricultural technique in which, season after season, each field is sown with crop plants in a regular rotation, each crop being repeated at intervals of several years. Crop rotation minimizes the risks of depleting the soil of particular nutrients. In rotation systems, a grain crop is often grown the first year, followed by a leafy-vegetable crop in the second year, and a pasture crop in the third. The last usually contains legumes; such plants can restore nitrogen to the soil. Notwithstanding, high yields tend to depend upon the continued addition of chemical fertilizers to the soil. (Source: GILP96)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > ротация сельскохозяйственных культур
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2 защита посевов
защита посевов
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crop protection
The problem of crop protection has changed dramatically since 1945. There is now a whole arsenal of chemicals with which to combat agricultural pests and diseases, but this development has itself many drawbacks. Such sophisticated techniques are available only to a minority of farmers; in most parts of the world the standard of crop protection remains abysmally low. In addition, modern crop protection methods have been criticized for relying too heavily on chemical control. Biological controls, both natural and contrived, have been neglected. In some cases involving misuse of agricultural chemicals, crops must be protected from the very measures intended for their protection. Meanwhile previously localized pests and diseases continue to spread worldwide. (Source: WPR)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > защита посевов
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3 инвазия посевов сельскохозяйственных культур
инвазия посевов сельскохозяйственных культур
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infestation of crops
Invasion of crop by parasites. Among vertebrate animals, many crop pests are mammals, especially in the order of rodents and birds. Among invertebrates, certain species of gastropods and a large number of roundworms from the class of nematodes harm crops. The most varied and numerous species of crop pests are arthropods-insects, arachnids and some species of millipedes and crustaceans. Diseases vary from viral, bacterial, and nutritional to fungal, environmental and non-specific. The FAO has estimated that annual worldwide losses done by plant pests and diseases amount to approximately 20-25% of the potential worldwide yield of food crops. (Source: RRDA / WPR)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > инвазия посевов сельскохозяйственных культур
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4 промышленная культура
промышленная культура
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industrial crop
Any crop that provides materials for industrial processes and products such as soybeans, cotton (lint and seed), flax, and tobacco. (Source: MGH)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > промышленная культура
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5 корнеплод
корнеплод
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root crop
Plants which store edible material in a root, corm or tuber; root crops used as food vegetables or fodder include carrots, parsnips, swedes and turnips; starchy root crops include potatoes, cassavas and yams. (Source: PHC)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > корнеплод
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6 обработка сельскохозяйственных культур химикатами
обработка сельскохозяйственных культур химикатами
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crop treatment
Use of chemicals in order to avoid damage of crops by insects or weeds. (Source: WRIGHTa)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > обработка сельскохозяйственных культур химикатами
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7 отходы сбора сельскохозяйственных культур
отходы сбора сельскохозяйственных культур
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
crop waste
Any unusable portion of plant matter left in a field after harvest. (Source: CNI)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > отходы сбора сельскохозяйственных культур
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8 производство зерновых культур
производство зерновых культур
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
crop production
The act or process of yielding produce from farmland, for livestock or human consumption. (Source: RHW / AGP)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > производство зерновых культур
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9 товарная сельскохозяйственная культура
товарная сельскохозяйственная культура
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
cash crop
Crops that are grown for sale in the town markets or for export. They include coffee, cocoa, sugar, vegetables, peanuts and non-foods, like tobacco and cotton. Huge areas of countries in the developing world have been turned over to cash crops. Those countries with no mineral or oil resources depend on cash crops for foreign money, so that they can import materials do develop roads, for construction, or to buy Western consumer goods and, indeed, food. However, critics argue that cash crops are planted on land that would otherwise be used to grow food for the local community and say this is a cause of world famine. Cash crops, such as peanuts, can ruin the land if it is not left fallow after six years of harvests. Moreover, if the best agricultural land is used for cash crops, local farmers are forced to use marginal land to grow food for local consumption, and this has a further dramatic effect on the environment. (Source: WRIGHT)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > товарная сельскохозяйственная культура
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10 фуражная культура
фуражная культура
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forage crop
Cultivation of crops for consumption by livestock. (Source: PHC)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > фуражная культура
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11 агрономия
агрономия
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
agronomy
The principles and procedures of soil management and of field crop and special-purpose plant improvement, management, and production. (Source: MGH)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > агрономия
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12 голод
голод
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famine
A severe shortage of food, as through crop failure or over population. It may be due to poor harvests following drought, floods, earthquake, war, social conflict, etc. (Source: CED / GUNN)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > голод
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13 засуха
засуха
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
drought
A period of abnormally dry weather sufficiently prolonged so that the lack of water causes a serious hydrologic imbalance (such as crop damage, water supply shortage) in the affected area. (Source: MGH)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > засуха
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14 комбинированное цветное изображение
комбинированное цветное изображение
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
colour composition
A remote-sensing term referring to the process of assigning different colours to different spectral bands. The colour picture formed by this process is called a "colour composite" (a colour image produced through optical combination of multiband images by projection through filters) and is produced by assigning a colour to an image of the Earth's surface recorded in a particular waveband. For a Landsat colour composite, the green waveband is coloured blue, the red waveband is coloured green and the infrared waveband is coloured red. This produces an image closely approximating a false colour photograph. Colour composite images are easier to interpret than separate images recording different wavebands. US national experimental crop inventories are based upon visual interpretation of Landsat colour composites. (Source: RRDA / WHIT)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > комбинированное цветное изображение
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15 контроль за сорняками
контроль за сорняками
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weed control
Freeing an area of land from weeds by several means, such as herbicides, tillage, burning, mowing, and crop competition. (Source: RRDA)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > контроль за сорняками
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16 кустарниковые заросли
кустарниковые заросли
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
brushwood
Woody vegetation including shrubs and scrub trees of non-commercial height and form, often seen in the initial stages of succession following a disturbance. Brush often grows in very dense thickets that are impenetrable to wild animals and serve to suppress the growth of more desirable crop trees. However, brush can also serve an important function as desirable habitat for a range or bird, animal, and invertebrate species, and often provides a good source of browse and cover for larger wildlife. It adds structural diversity within the forest and is important in riparian zones. It is also termed scrub. (Source: DUNSTE)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > кустарниковые заросли
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17 мигрирующая рабочая сила
мигрирующая рабочая сила
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migrant labour
Temporary employment performed by persons who move from place to place, such as agricultural workers following crop seasons. (Source: RHW)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > мигрирующая рабочая сила
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18 отходы сельского хозяйства
отходы сельского хозяйства
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
agricultural waste
Unusable materials, liquid or solid, that result from agricultural practices, such as fertilizers, pesticides, crop residue (such as orchard prunings) and cattle manure. (Source: HMD / MHD)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > отходы сельского хозяйства
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19 разведение устриц
разведение устриц
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oyster farming
There are two types of oyster farming: suspension culture, in which oysters are grown off bottom, in floating trays, is a labor-intensive form of cultivation that requires continuous tending and cleaning of both gear and shellfish, and bottom culture, which is similar to conventional crop farming on land; it involves selecting areas of the sea floor that provide a natural food supply, necessary currents, minimum exposure to predators, and proper temperature and then "seeding" the bottom with shellfish stock that are left to grow to market size. Then they are harvested with a bottom drag from a boat. Both suspension culture and bottom culture depend on natural food supplies for growing the shellfish being raised. (Source: MSTF)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > разведение устриц
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20 сельскохозяйственное загрязнение
сельскохозяйственное загрязнение
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
agricultural pollution
The liquid or solid wastes from farming, including: runoff from pesticides, fertilizers, and feedlots; erosion and dust from plowing; animal manure and carcasses, crop residues, and debris. (Source: LANDY)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > сельскохозяйственное загрязнение
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См. также в других словарях:
crop — crop; crop·man; crop·py; kill·crop; ma·crop·sis; mi·crop·o·dal; mi·crop·sia; mi·crop·ter·ism; mi·crop·ter·ous; mi·crop·ter·us; mi·crop·te·ryg·i·dae; mi·crop·tic; ne·crop·o·lis; out·crop·per; an·ti·crop; crop·per; in·ter·crop; ma·crop·o·did;… … English syllables
crop — [krɒp ǁ krɑːp] noun [countable] FARMING 1. a plant such as wheat, rice, or fruit that is grown by farmers in order to be eaten or used in industry: • The main crop in China is rice. • the cotton crop 2. the amount of wheat, rice, fruit etc that… … Financial and business terms
Crop — (kr[o^]p), n. [OE. crop, croppe, craw, top of a plant, harvest, AS. crop, cropp, craw, top, bunch, ear of corn; akin to D. krop craw, G. kropf, Icel. kroppr hump or bunch on the body, body; but cf. also W. cropa, croppa, crop or craw of a bird,… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
crop — [kräp] n. [ME croppe < OE croppa, a cluster, flower, crop of bird, hence kidney, pebble; akin to Frank * kruppa, Ger kropf, a swelling, crop of bird (basic sense “something swelling out or swollen”) < IE * gr eu b , curving out < base *… … English World dictionary
crop — ► NOUN 1) a plant, especially a cereal, fruit, or vegetable, cultivated for food or other use. 2) an amount of a crop harvested at one time. 3) an amount of people or things appearing at one time: the current crop of politicians. 4) a very short… … English terms dictionary
Crop — Crop, v. i. To yield harvest. [1913 Webster] {To crop out}. (a) (Geol.) To appear above the surface, as a seam or vein, or inclined bed, as of coal. (b) To come to light; to be manifest; to appear; as, the peculiarities of an author crop out. {To … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Crop — Crop, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Cropped} (kr[o^]pt); p. pr. & vb. n. {Cropping}.] 1. To cut off the tops or tips of; to bite or pull off; to browse; to pluck; to mow; to reap. [1913 Webster] I will crop off from the top of his young twigs a tender one … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
crop — s.n. (reg.; despre lichide, în expr.) A da în crop = a începe să se încălzească, a se încropi; a da în fiert. – Din uncrop. Trimis de IoanSoleriu, 31.07.2004. Sursa: DEX 98 crop s. n. Trimis de siveco, 10.08.2004. Sursa: Dicţionar ortografic … Dicționar Român
crop — O.E. cropp bird s craw, also head or top of a sprout or herb. The common notion is protuberance. Cognate with O.H.G. kropf, O.N. kroppr. Meaning harvest product is c.1300, probably through verb meaning cut off the top of a plant (c.1200). The… … Etymology dictionary
crop — [n] harvest of fruit, vegetable annual production, byproduct, crops, fruitage, fruits, gathering, gleaning, output, produce, product, reaping, season’s growth, vintage, yield; concept 429 crop [v] cut, trim off chop, clip, curtail, detach,… … New thesaurus
Crop — Crop. См. Прибыль. (Источник: «Металлы и сплавы. Справочник.» Под редакцией Ю.П. Солнцева; НПО Профессионал , НПО Мир и семья ; Санкт Петербург, 2003 г.) … Словарь металлургических терминов