-
1 Cotton, Cut Staple
COTTON, CUT STAPLEA defective cotton, having cut fibres caused by ginning with blunt saws, over-feeding of the machine, too great a speed of the saws, or rubbing of the grid bars on the saws, etc.Dictionary of the English textile terms > Cotton, Cut Staple
-
2 Cotton, William
SUBJECT AREA: Textiles[br]b. 1819 Seagrave, Leicestershire, Englandd. after 1878[br]English inventor of a power-driven flat-bed knitting machine.[br]Cotton was originally employed in Loughborough and became one of the first specialized hosiery-machine builders. After the introduction of the latch needle by Matthew Townsend in 1856, knitting frames developed rapidly. The circular frame was easier to work automatically, but attempts to apply power to the flat frame, which could produce fully fashioned work, culminated in 1863 with William Cotton's machine. In that year he invented a machine that could make a dozen or more stockings or hose simultaneously and knit fashioned garments of all kinds. The difficulty was to reduce automatically the number of stitches in the courses where the hose or garment narrowed to give it shape. Cotton had early opportunities to apply himself to the improvement of hosiery machines while employed in the patent shop of Cartwright \& Warner of Loughborough, where some of the first rotaries were made. He remained with the firm for twenty years, during which time sixty or seventy of these machines were turned out. Cotton then established a factory for the manufacture of warp fabrics, and it was here that he began to work on his ideas. He had no knowledge of the principles of engineering or drawing, so his method of making sketches and then getting his ideas roughed out involved much useless labour. After twelve years, in 1863, a patent was issued for the machine that became the basis of the Cotton's Patent type. This was a flat frame driven by rotary mechanism and remarkable for its adaptability. At first he built his machine upright, like a cottage piano, but after much thought and experimentation he conceived the idea of turning the upper part down flat so that the needles were in a vertical position instead of being horizontal, and the work was carried off horizontally instead of vertically. His first machine produced four identical pieces simultaneously, but this number was soon increased. Cotton was induced by the success of his invention to begin machine building as a separate business and thus established one of the first of a class of engineering firms that sprung up as an adjunct to the new hosiery manufacture. He employed only a dozen men and turned out six machines in the first year, entering into an agreement with Hine \& Mundella for their exclusive use. This was later extended to the firm of I. \& R.Morley. In 1878, Cotton began to build on his own account, and the business steadily increased until it employed some 200 workers and had an output of 100 machines a year.[br]Bibliography1863, British patent no. 1,901 (flat-frame knitting machine).Further ReadingF.A.Wells, 1935, The British Hosiery and Knitwear Industry: Its History and Organisation, London (based on an article in the Knitters' Circular (Feb. 1898).A brief account of the background to Cotton's invention can be found in T.K.Derry and T.I. Williams, 1960, A Short History of Technology from the Earliest Times to AD 1900, Oxford; C. Singer (ed.), 1958, A History of Technology, Vol. V, Oxford: Clarendon Press.F.Moy Thomas, 1900, I. \& R.Morley. A Record of a Hundred Years, London (mentions cotton's first machines).RLH -
3 Sledded Cotton
This is the name given to raw cotton which has been picked by a machine termed the " Sled." The sled is a form of box about 8 feet long and 4 feet wide, which is drawn between the rows of cotton plants so that the bolls pass into grooves and are stripped off and fall into the box. Owing to the device also stripping off leaf, twig and bits of the stems, the waste after cleaning in the spinning mill is at least 50 per cent more than from hand-picked cotton. -
4 Garnett Machine
A machine for opening hard-twisted woollen, worsted, cotton and silk wastes; also for use in succession to the rag-tearing machine in further opening the material and preparing it for the subsequent process of carding. The machines are made ' with one, two, three or more swifts, with self-contained component parts, while the back and front parts of the machine are detachable and can be moved away on rails. The material is fed to the machine either by hand or through an automatic feeder, and after passing between feed rollers is subjected to the first opening process by encountering the teeth or " Garnett " clothing on a licker-in roller. The points of this clothing pass through the material held by the feed rollers, and carry forward any loose fibres liberated from their grip. Continuing its course through the machine the material is carried on to the first large cylinder or swift, which is also covered with " Garnett " clothing, the points of which are keener than those on the licker-in roller. -
5 Slasher Sizing Machine
This is a large machine used in cotton manufacturing for coating the warp yarn with a size mixture. The required number of beams, four to eight, to make the complete warp are placed in the beam creel at the back of the machine. All the threads from these beams are drawn together into one sheet of ends, passed through the size box, between squeezing rollers, dried by hot cylinders or hot air, then passed round a measuring roller on to the weaver's beam at the front. Each back beam contains about 500 threads and lengths vary up to 12,000 yards or more according to counts. This constitutes a " taper's set."Dictionary of the English textile terms > Slasher Sizing Machine
-
6 Damping Machine
A finishing machine which softens cotton fabrics by damping to prepare for finishing. -
7 коттон-машина
-
8 бумагопрядильная машина
Русско-английский словарь по общей лексике > бумагопрядильная машина
-
9 бумагопрядильная машина
Русско-английский синонимический словарь > бумагопрядильная машина
-
10 коттон-машина
Textile: Cotton-patent full-fashioned knitting machine, F/F machine, cotton machine, cotton-machine, fashioning m., full-fashioned machine, fully fashioned machine -
11 плосковязальная сбавочная машина
Textile: Cotton machine, Cotton-patent full-fashioned knitting machine, F/F machine, cotton-machine, fashioning m., full-fashioned machine, fully fashioned machineУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > плосковязальная сбавочная машина
-
12 плоскочулочная машина
Textile: Cotton-patent full-fashioned knitting machine, F/F machine, cotton machine, cotton-machine, fashioning m., full-fashioned machine, fully fashioned machineУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > плоскочулочная машина
-
13 Cottonmaschine
f < textil> (Flachkulierwirkmaschine nach William Cotton 1817-1887) ■ Cotton machine; Cotton's patent full-fashioned knitting machine; Cotton's patent flat knitting machine -
14 Cottonmaschine
f[nach William Cotton]1. Cotton's patent flat knitting machine2. Cotton's patent full-fashioned knitting machine3. Cotton machine -
15 машина
жен.1) machine; engine ( двигатель); mechanism перен.бумагорезальная машина — paper-cutter полигр.
бурильная машина — горн. boring machine
врубовая машина — coal-cutter, header горн.
государственная машина — apparatus, state machine, the wheels of state
доильная машина — milker, milking-machine
наборная машина — composing-machine, type-setting machine
сукновальная машина — текст. fulling-mill
счетная машина — calculator; calculating machine
2) мн. ч. машины; коллект. machinery, enginery3) разг. ( автомобиль) car, bike, lorryсанитарная машина — field ambulance, field hospital
4) воен. (combat) vehicleбоевая машина — fighting machine авиац.
-
16 многополотенная коттон-машина
Textile: multihead machine, multisection cotton-machineУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > многополотенная коттон-машина
-
17 двухполотенная коттон-машина
Textile: twin-head cotton-machineУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > двухполотенная коттон-машина
-
18 многополотенная машина коттонного типа
Textile: multisection cotton machineУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > многополотенная машина коттонного типа
-
19 однополотенная коттон-машина
Textile: single-head cotton-machineУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > однополотенная коттон-машина
-
20 котонмашина
текст.cotton machine
См. также в других словарях:
Cotton-spinning machinery — Cotton Manufacturing Processes (after Murray 1911) Bale Breaker Blowing Room … Wikipedia
Cotton picker — at work The mechanical cotton picker is a machine that automates cotton harvesting in a way that reduces harvest time and maximizes efficiency. Contents … Wikipedia
Cotton (motorcycle) — Cotton Motorcycle Company Fate Dissolved Founded 1918 Founder(s) Frank Willoughby Cotton Defunct 1980 (1980) Headquarters Gloucester, Uni … Wikipedia
Cotton Hill — Hank Hill (left), former U.S. President Jimmy Carter (middle), and Cotton Hill (right). First appearance Pilot (in a flashback) Shins of the Father (official) … Wikipedia
cotton harvester — ▪ machine machine for harvesting cotton bolls. Mechanical cotton harvesters are of two basic types, strippers and pickers. Stripper type harvesters strip the entire plant of both open and unopened bolls along with many leaves and stems. The … Universalium
Cotton — Cot ton (k[o^]t t n), n. [F. coton, Sp. algodon the cotton plant and its wool, coton printed cotton, cloth, fr. Ar. qutun, alqutun, cotton wool. Cf. {Acton}, {Hacqueton}.] 1. A soft, downy substance, resembling fine wool, consisting of the… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Cotton cambric — Cotton Cot ton (k[o^]t t n), n. [F. coton, Sp. algodon the cotton plant and its wool, coton printed cotton, cloth, fr. Ar. qutun, alqutun, cotton wool. Cf. {Acton}, {Hacqueton}.] 1. A soft, downy substance, resembling fine wool, consisting of the … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Cotton flannel — Cotton Cot ton (k[o^]t t n), n. [F. coton, Sp. algodon the cotton plant and its wool, coton printed cotton, cloth, fr. Ar. qutun, alqutun, cotton wool. Cf. {Acton}, {Hacqueton}.] 1. A soft, downy substance, resembling fine wool, consisting of the … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Cotton gin — Cotton Cot ton (k[o^]t t n), n. [F. coton, Sp. algodon the cotton plant and its wool, coton printed cotton, cloth, fr. Ar. qutun, alqutun, cotton wool. Cf. {Acton}, {Hacqueton}.] 1. A soft, downy substance, resembling fine wool, consisting of the … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Cotton grass — Cotton Cot ton (k[o^]t t n), n. [F. coton, Sp. algodon the cotton plant and its wool, coton printed cotton, cloth, fr. Ar. qutun, alqutun, cotton wool. Cf. {Acton}, {Hacqueton}.] 1. A soft, downy substance, resembling fine wool, consisting of the … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Cotton mouse — Cotton Cot ton (k[o^]t t n), n. [F. coton, Sp. algodon the cotton plant and its wool, coton printed cotton, cloth, fr. Ar. qutun, alqutun, cotton wool. Cf. {Acton}, {Hacqueton}.] 1. A soft, downy substance, resembling fine wool, consisting of the … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English