-
41 steel
1) сталь2) арматура ( железобетона)•steel for arctic service — сталь северного исполнения-
abnormal steel
-
abrasion-resistant steel
-
active steel
-
age-hardenable steel
-
aging steel
-
air-melted steel
-
alloy-free steel
-
alphatized steel
-
aluminized steel
-
aluminum grain-refined steel
-
aluminum-killed steel
-
annealed steel
-
arc-furnace steel
-
ausaging steel
-
ausforming steel
-
austenitic heat-resistant steel
-
austenitic-carbidic steel
-
austenitic-intermetallic steel
-
automatic steel
-
bainitically heat-treated steel
-
balanced steel
-
ball bearing steel
-
banding steel
-
basic converter steel
-
basic oxygen steel
-
Bessemer steel
-
blister steel
-
boron steel
-
bottle-top steel
-
bottom-run steel
-
bright drawing steel
-
butcher's steel
-
capped steel
-
carbon steel
-
carbon tool steel
-
carbon-free steel
-
carbon-vacuum deoxidized steel
-
cast steel
-
chrome-plated steel
-
chromium steel
-
chromium-nickel steel
-
chromium-nickel-molybdenum steel
-
clad sheet steel
-
cobalt-nickel steel
-
coiled steel
-
cold-drawn steel
-
cold-heading steel
-
cold-rolled steel
-
cold-strip steel
-
commercial quality steel
-
composite steel
-
compound steel
-
compression steel
-
consumable electrode vacuum-melted steel
-
controlled rimming steel
-
converter steel
-
copper-bearing steel
-
corrosion-resistant steel
-
corrugated sheet steel
-
creep-resisting steel
-
crude steel
-
cryogenic steel
-
deep-drawing quality steel
-
deep-drawing steel
-
degasified steel
-
deoxidized steel
-
die steel
-
direct-hardening steel
-
dispersion-hardening steel
-
distribution steel
-
doped steel
-
double-reduced steel
-
drawing quality steel
-
drawn steel
-
drill steel
-
duplex steel
-
effervescent steel
-
electrical steel
-
electric steel
-
exposed quality steel
-
extradeep drawing steel
-
extrahigh tensile steel
-
extrasoft steel
-
face-hardened steel
-
fast-finishing steel
-
faulty steel
-
ferritic steel
-
fine-grained steel
-
finished steel
-
free-machining steel
-
galvanized steel
-
general-purpose steel
-
glass-hard steel
-
glass-lined steel
-
H steel
-
Hadfield steel
-
half-hard steel
-
hardened steel
-
heat-hardenable steel
-
heat-resistant steel
-
heavy-fagoted steel
-
heavy-melting steel
-
high proof stress steel
-
high-chromium steel
-
high-creep strength steel
-
high-ductility steel
-
high-manganese steel
-
high-permeability steel
-
high-quality steel
-
high-speed steel
-
high-strength steel
-
high-temperature steel
-
high-tempered steel
-
high-tensile steel
-
hollow drill steel
-
hot-brittle steel
-
hot-rolled steel
-
hot-working die steel
-
hypoeutectoid steel
-
induction vacuum melted steel
-
ingot steel
-
inherently coarse-grained steel
-
intermediate-alloy steel
-
iron-chromium stainless steel
-
killed steel
-
laminated spring steel
-
leaded steel
-
light-gage steel
-
liquid compressed steel
-
loman steel
-
low-alloy steel
-
low-carbon steel
-
low-ductility steel
-
low-earing steel
-
low-hardening steel
-
low-manganese steel
-
low-texture steel
-
magnetic steel
-
magnet steel
-
magnetically hard steel
-
magnetically soft steel
-
manganese-killed steel
-
maraging steel
-
martempering steel
-
martensitic stainless steel
-
mechanically capped steel
-
mild steel
-
mold steel
-
molybdenum steel
-
multialloy steel
-
needled steel
-
nickel steel
-
nickel-clad steel
-
nitrided steel
-
nonaging steel
-
noncorrosive steel
-
nonhardening steel
-
nonmagnetic steel
-
nonshrinking steel
-
normal steel
-
nuclear steel
-
oil-hardening steel
-
one-side galvanized steel
-
oriented steel
-
overannealed steel
-
overblown steel
-
overheated steel
-
over-reduced steel
-
oxidation-resisting steel
-
perished steel
-
pipe steel
-
piped steel
-
plain carbon steel
-
plastic mold steel
-
plate steel
-
pneumatic steel
-
porcelain-enameled steel
-
pot steel
-
precipitation-hardening steel
-
precision steel
-
precoated steel
-
pressure vessel steel
-
punched skeleton steel
-
quality carbon steel
-
quenched-and-tempered steel
-
quick-cutting steel
-
rail steel
-
railway structural steel
-
raw steel
-
red-hard steel
-
refractory steel
-
reinforcing steel
-
rephosphorized steel
-
rising steel
-
rolled steel
-
roller-bearing steel
-
roof steel
-
rose steel
-
rustless steel
-
rust-resisting steel
-
scale-resistant steel
-
self-hardening steel
-
semikilled steel
-
sheet steel
-
shipbuilding steel
-
silicon steel
-
silicon-killed steel
-
silicon-sheet steel
-
silver steel
-
skelp steel
-
soft steel
-
spheroidized steel
-
spotty steel
-
spring steel
-
stainless clad steel
-
stainless steel
-
stentor steel
-
strain-aged steel
-
stress-relieved annealed steel
-
strip steel
-
strong steel
-
structural steel
-
superduty steel
-
tailored steel
-
tap steel
-
tapped-on-carbon steel
-
tempered steel
-
tension steel
-
thermostrengthened steel
-
Thomas steel
-
through-hardening steel
-
tire steel
-
titanium steel
-
tool steel
-
Tor steel
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transformation induced plasticity steel
-
transformer steel
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treated steel
-
tungsten-chromium tool steel
-
turbohearth steel
-
two-ply steel
-
unkilled steel
-
unsound steel
-
vacuum-cast steel
-
vacuum-degassed steel
-
vacuum-induction melted steel
-
vacuum-remelted steel
-
vacuum-treated steel
-
vanadium steel
-
water-hardening steel
-
wear-resisting steel
-
weathering steel
-
wheel steel -
42 steel
- acid Bessemer steel
- aging steel
- aircraft steel
- alloy steel
- alloyed steel
- aluminized steel
- aluminum-nickel steel
- annealed steel
- austenitic steel
- automatic steel
- balanced steel
- band steel
- bar steel
- basic steel
- Bessemer steel
- black tin steel
- boiler steel
- bolting steel
- bright-drawn steel
- burnt steel
- carbon steel
- carbon-free steel
- chromium steel
- chromium-nickel steel
- chromized steel
- clad steel
- clad sheet steel
- coiled steel
- cold-drawn steel
- cold-rolled steel
- cold-strip steel
- constructional steel
- copper steel
- corrosion-resisting steel
- corrugated sheet steel
- damask steel
- dead steel
- deep-drawing steel
- drawn steel
- extra-hard steel
- ferritic steel
- finished steel
- flat steel
- forged steel
- free-cutting steel
- galvanized steel
- galvanized corrugated steel
- girder steel
- grain-oriented steel
- graphitic steel
- Hadfield steel
- hard steel
- hardened steel
- heat-resistant steel
- high-alloy steel
- high-boron steel
- high-carbon steel
- high-creep strength steel
- high-ductility steel
- high-grade steel
- high-speed steel
- high-strength steel
- high-temper steel
- hot-rolled steel
- hypereutectoid steel
- hypoeutectoid steel
- ingot steel
- killed steel
- low-alloy steel
- low-carbon steel
- low-ductility steel
- low-texture steel
- machine steel
- manganese steel
- martensitic steel
- medium-alloy steel
- medium carbon steel
- merchant steel
- mild steel
- molybdenum steel
- molybdenum-free steel
- natural steel
- nickel steel
- nitrided steel
- non-deforming steel
- open-hearth steel
- oxidation-resistant steel
- pearlitic steel
- plain carbon steel
- plate steel
- pot steel
- primary steel
- refractory steel
- rimmed steel
- rimming steel
- rolled steel
- section steel
- semi-finished steel
- semi-killed steel
- shallow-hardening steel
- shape steel
- sheet steel
- silicon steel
- skelp steel
- stainless steel
- stainless clad steel
- standard steel
- strip steel
- structural steel
- Thomas steel
- tire steel
- tool steel
- transformer steel
- tungsten steel
- vanadium steel
- welding steel -
43 bronze
1. n изделие из бронзы2. n бронза3. n порошок для бронзировки4. n цвет бронзы, красновато-коричневый цвет5. n пушечный металл6. a бронзовый7. a цвета бронзы, красновато-коричневый8. v бронзировать9. v покрывать загаром10. v загорать на солнце11. v ожесточать12. v делаться бесчувственным, ожесточатьсяСинонимический ряд:1. color (adj.) brown; burnished; color; colour; copper-colored; gold; reddish-brown; russet; rust-colored2. made of copper and tin (adj.) ball-metal; brass; cast bronze; copper; copper alloy; made of copper and tin; metallic3. metal (noun) alloy; brass; metal; pewter -
44 whisker
1. нитевидный кристалл, усaligned whiskers — выравненные [ориентированные] нитевидные кристаллы
alkali-halide whisker — нитевидный кристалл щелочного галоидного соединения
alloy whisker — нитевидный кристалл сплава
alumina whisker — нитевидный кристалл сапфира [окиси алюминия]
aluminum-carbide whisker — нитевидный кристалл карбида алюминия
aluminum-nickelide whisker — нитевидный кристалл никелида алюминия
aluminum-nitride whisker — нитевидный кристалл нитрида алюминия
aluminum-oxide whisker — нитевидный кристалл сапфира [окиси алюмииия]
beryllium-oxide whisker — нитевидный кристалл окиси бериллия
boron-carbide whisker — нитевидный кристалл карбида бора
cadmium whisker — нитевидный кристалл кадмия
carborundum whisker — карборундовый нитевидный кристалл
ceramic whisker — керамический нитевидный кристалл
chromium whisker — нитевидный кристалл хрома
cobalt whisker — нитевидный кристалл кобальта
copper whisker — нитевидный кристалл меди
copper-iron whisker — нитевидный кристалл медно-железного сплава
copper-silver whisker — нитевидный кристалл медно-серебряного сплава
copper-zinc whisker — нитевидный кристалл медно-цинкового сплава
dicolumbium-carbide whisker — нитевидный кристалл карбида диниобия
eutectic whisker — эвтектический нитевидный кристалл
germanium whisker — нитевидный кристалл германия
gold whisker — нитевидный кристалл золота
graphite whisker — нитевидный кристалл графита
high-strength whisker — высокопрочный нитевидный кристалл
hydroquinone whisker — нитевидный кристалл гидрохинона
intermetallic whisker — нитевидный кристалл интерметаллида
iron whisker — нитевидный кристалл железа
iron-carbide whisker — нитевидный кристалл карбида железа
magnesium-silicate whisker — нитевидный кристалл силиката магния
manganese whisker — нитевидный кристалл марганца
metal-coated whisker — нитевидный кристалл с металлическим покрытием
metallic whisker — металлический нитевидный кристалл
nickel whisker — нитевидный кристалл никеля
nickel-aluminide whisker — нитевидный кристалл алюминида никеля
nonmetailic whisker — неметаллический нитевидный кристалл
oriented whisker — ориентированный нитевидный кристалл
oxide whisker — нитевидный кристалл окисла
palladium whisker — нитевидный кристалл палладия
phthalacyanine whisker — нитевидный кристалл фталацианина
platinized whisker — платинированный нитевидный кристалл
platinized-alumina whisker — нитевидный кристалл платинированного сапфира
pyrolytic graphite whisker — пирографитовый нитевидный кристалл
sapphire whisker — нитевидный кристалл сапфира [окиси алюминия]
scroll-like graphite whisker — свиткообразный нитевидный графитовый кристалл
silica whisker — нитевидный кристалл кварца
silicon whisker — нитевидный кристалл кремния
silicon-carbide whisker — нитевидный кристалл карбида кремния
silicon-nitride whisker — нитевидный кристалл нитрида кремния
silver whisker — нитевидный кристалл серебра
sodium-chloride whisker — нитевидный кристалл хлорида натрия
submicroscopic whisker — субмикроскопический нитевидный кристалл
tin whisker — нитевидный кристалл олова
titania whisker — нитевидный кристалл двуокиси титана
titanium-carbide whisker — нитевидный кристалл карбида титана
zinc-oxide whisker — нитевидный кристалл окиси цинка
zinc-sulfide whisker — нитевидный кристалл сульфида цинка
zirconia whisker — нитевидный кристалл двуокиси циркония
English-Russian dictionary of aviation and space materials > whisker
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45 Merica, Paul Dyer
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 17 March 1889 Warsaw, Indiana, USAd. 20 October 1957 Tarrytown, New York, USA[br]American physical metallurgist who elucidated the mechanism of the age-hardening of alloys.[br]Merica graduated from the University of Wisconsin in 1908. Before proceeding to the University of Berlin, he spent some time teaching in Wisconsin and in China. He obtained his doctorate in Berlin in 1914, and in that year he joined the US National Bureau of Standards (NBS) in Washington. During his five years there, he investigated the causes of the phenomenon of age-hardening of the important new alloy of aluminium, Duralumin.This phenomenon had been discovered not long before by Dr Alfred Wilm, a German research metallurgist. During the early years of the twentieth century, Wilm had been seeking a suitable light alloy for making cartridge cases for the Prussian government. In the autumn of 1909 he heated and quenched an aluminium alloy containing 3.5 per cent copper and 0.5 per cent magnesium and found its properties unremarkable. He happened to test it again some days later and was impressed to find its hardness and strength were much improved: Wilm had accidentally discovered age-hardening. He patented the alloy, but he made his rights over to Durener Metallwerke, who marketed it as Duralumin. This light and strong alloy was taken up by aircraft makers during the First World War, first for Zeppelins and then for other aircraft.Although age-hardened alloys found important uses, the explanation of the phenomenon eluded metallurgists until in 1919 Merica and his colleagues at the NBS gave the first rational explanation of age-hardening in light alloys. When these alloys were heated to temperatures near their melting points, the alloying constituents were taken into solution by the matrix. Quenching retained the alloying metals in supersaturated solid solution. At room temperature very small crystals of various intermetallic compounds were precipitated and, by inserting themselves in the aluminium lattice, had the effect of increasing the hardness and strength of the alloy. Merica's theory stimulated an intensive study of hardening and the mechanism that brought it about, with important consequences for the development of new alloys with special properties.In 1919 Merica joined the International Nickel Company as Director of Research, a post he held for thirty years and followed by a three-year period as President. He remained in association with the company until his death.[br]Bibliography1919, "Heat treatment and constitution of Duralumin", Sci. Papers, US Bureau of Standards, no. 37; 1932, "The age-hardening of metals", Transactions of the American Institution of Min. Metal 99:13–54 (his two most important papers).Further ReadingZ.Jeffries, 1959, "Paul Dyer Merica", Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Science 33:226–39 (contains a list of Merica's publications and biographical details).LRD -
46 composite
композиционный материал, композит, смесь; см. тж. material; композиционный, составной, сложный3D composite — композиционный материал с трёхмерной ориентацией наполнителя [с трёхмерным армированием]
3-dimensional composite — композиционный материал с трёхмерной ориентацией наполнителя [с трёхмерным армированием]
aligned short fiber thermoset composite — композиционный термореактивный пластик, армированный упорядоченными короткими волокнами
aluminum particle filled epoxy composite — композиционный эпоксипласт, наполненный алюминиевыми частицами
bidirectional wire plastic composite — композиционный пластик с двунаправленным армированием проволокой
carbon fiber-reinforced resin composite — композиционный пластик, армированный углеволокном, углепластик
carbon filament-reinforced resin composite — композиционный пластик, армированный углеволокном, углепластик
carbon-base fabric reinforced composite — композиционный материал, армированный углеродной тканью; углетекстолит
discontinuous fiber (reinforced) composite — композиционный материал, армированный коротким волокном
explosive-bonded wire-reinforced sheet composite — листовой композиционный материал, армированный проволокой методом взрыва
fabric reinforced plastic composite — композиционный пластик, армированный тканью, текстолит
nonmetallic fibrous reinforced composite — композиционный материал, армированный неметаллическим волокном
particle filled epoxy composite — композиционный эпоксипласт, наполненный частицами
plasma sprayed metal-matrix composite — композиционный материал с плазменно напылённой металлической матрицей
rectangular array fibrous composite — композиционный материал с прямоугольным расположением (упрочняющих) волокон
refractory fiber reinforced composite — композиционный материал, армированный тугоплавким волокном
short fiber reinforced composite — композиционный материал, армированный коротким волокном
staple fiber reinforced composite — композиционный материал, армированный штапельным волокном
steel reinforced epoxy composite — композиционный эпоксид, армированный сталью
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47 Rosenhain, Walter
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 24 August 1875 Berlin, Germanyd. 17 March 1934 Kingston Hill, Surrey, England[br]German metallurgist, first Superintendent of the Department of Metallurgy and Metallurgical Chemistry at the National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex.[br]His family emigrated to Australia when he was 5 years old. He was educated at Wesley College, Melbourne, and attended Queen's College, University of Melbourne, graduating in physics and engineering in 1897. As an 1851 Exhibitioner he then spent three years at St John's College, Cambridge, under Sir Alfred Ewing, where he studied the microstructure of deformed metal crystals and abandoned his original intention of becoming a civil engineer. Rosenhain was the first to observe the slip-bands in metal crystals, and in the Bakerian Lecture delivered jointly by Ewing and Rosenhain to the Royal Society in 1899 it was shown that metals deformed plastically by a mechanism involving shear slip along individual crystal planes. From this conception modern ideas on the plasticity and recrystallization of metals rapidly developed. On leaving Cambridge, Rosenhain joined the Birmingham firm of Chance Brothers, where he worked for six years on optical glass and lighthouse-lens systems. A book, Glass Manufacture, written in 1908, derives from this period, during which he continued his metallurgical researches in the evenings in his home laboratory and published several papers on his work.In 1906 Rosenhain was appointed Head of the Metallurgical Department of the National Physical Laboratory (NPL), and in 1908 he became the first Superintendent of the new Department of Metallurgy and Metallurgical Chemistry. Many of the techniques he introduced at Teddington were described in his Introduction to Physical Metallurgy, published in 1914. At the outbreak of the First World War, Rosenhain was asked to undertake work in his department on the manufacture of optical glass. This soon made it possible to manufacture optical glass of high quality on an industrial scale in Britain. Much valuable work on refractory materials stemmed from this venture. Rosenhain's early years at the NPL were, however, inseparably linked with his work on light alloys, which between 1912 and the end of the war involved virtually all of the metallurgical staff of the laboratory. The most important end product was the well-known "Y" Alloy (4% copper, 2% nickel and 1.5% magnesium) extensively used for the pistons and cylinder heads of aircraft engines. It was the prototype of the RR series of alloys jointly developed by Rolls Royce and High Duty Alloys. An improved zinc-based die-casting alloy devised by Rosenhain was also used during the war on a large scale for the production of shell fuses.After the First World War, much attention was devoted to beryllium, which because of its strength, lightness, and stiffness would, it was hoped, become the airframe material of the future. It remained, however, too brittle for practical use. Other investigations dealt with impurities in copper, gases in aluminium alloys, dental alloys, and the constitution of alloys. During this period, Rosenhain's laboratory became internationally known as a centre of excellence for the determination of accurate equilibrium diagrams.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRS 1913. President, Institute of Metals 1828–30. Iron and Steel Institute Bessemer Medal, Carnegie Medal.Bibliography1908, Glass Manufacture.1914, An Introduction to the Study of Physical Metallurgy, London: Constable. Rosenhain published over 100 research papers.Further ReadingJ.L.Haughton, 1934, "The work of Walter Rosenhain", Journal of the Institute of Metals 55(2):17–32.ASD -
48 NCA
1) Компьютерная техника: Natural Class Account2) Американизм: National Cemetery Administration, National Conservation Area4) Военный термин: Naval Communications Annex, Navy Contract Administrator, Northern Communications Area, noncombat aircraft, национальное военно-политическое руководство, National Command Authority (ies)5) Техника: neutron control assembly6) Шутливое выражение: Nice Cheerleaders Administration, No Cru Affiliation7) Бухгалтерия: net current assets8) Сокращение: National Coal Association, National Coffee Association, National Command Authorities, National Command Authority (USA), National Committee for Aeronautics, National Council of Alcoholism, Network Control Analysis, Noisy Channel Avoidance, nickel copper alloy9) Университет: North Central Accreditation10) Вычислительная техника: Network Communications Adapter, Network Computing Architecture, Nexus Computing Agent (MS, Palladium), Nexus Computing Agent (NGSCB, MS, Palladium), Novell Certification Alliance (Novell, Netware), Network Computing Architecture (Oracle)11) Иммунология: neutrophil chemotactic activity, nonspecific crossreacting antigen12) Космонавтика: National Cartography Authority (Philippines)13) Банковское дело: (Net Cash Accruals) чистые денежные средства14) Транспорт: National Command Authority15) Реклама: Национальная коммуникационная ассоциация16) СМИ: No Citation Available, No Color Adjustment17) Сетевые технологии: National Communications Association, Network Client Administrator, Национальная ассоциация связи18) Химическое оружие: Nuclear and Chemical Agency19) Общественная организация: Native Cultural Alliance20) Аэропорты: North Caicos, Turks & Caicos Islands21) НАСА: North Central Association -
49 monel
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50 Belling, Charles Reginald
SUBJECT AREA: Domestic appliances and interiors[br]b. 11 May 1884 Bodmin, Cornwall, Englandd. 8 February 1965 while on a cruise[br]English electrical engineer best known as the pioneer of the wire-wound clay-former heating element which made possible the efficient domestic electric fire.[br]Belling was educated at Burts Grammar School in Lostwithiel, Cornwall, and at Crossley Schools in Halifax, Yorkshire. In 1903 he was apprenticed to Crompton \& Co. at Chelmsford in Essex, the firm that in 1894 offered for sale the earliest electric heaters. These electric radiant panels were intended as heating radiators or cooking hotplates, but were not very successful because, being cast-iron panels into which heating wires had been embedded in enamel, they tended to fracture due to the different rates of thermal expansion of the iron and the enamel. Other designs of electric heaters followed, notably the introduction of large, sausage-shaped carbon filament bulbs fitted into a fire frame and backed by reflectors. This was the idea of H. Dowsing, a collaborator of Crompton, in 1904.After qualifying in 1906, Belling left Crompton \& Co. and went to work for Ediswan at Ponders End in Hertfordshire. He left in 1912 to set up his own business, which he began in a small shed in Enfield. With a small staff and capital of £450, he took out his first patent for his wire-wound-former electric fire in the same year. The resistance wire, made from nickel-chrome alloy such as that patented in 1906 by A.L. Marsh, was coiled round a clay former. Six such bars were attached to a cast-iron frame with heating control knobs, and the device was marketed as the Standard Belling Fire. Advertised in 1912, the fire was an immediate success and was followed by many other variations. Improvements to the first model included wire safety guards, enamel finishes and a frame ornamented with copper and brass.Belling turned his attention to hotplates, cookers, immersion heaters, electric irons, water urns and kettles, producing the Modernette Cooker (1919), the multi-parabola fire bar (1921), the plate and dish warmer (1924), the storage heater (1926) and the famous Baby Belling cookers, the first of which appeared in 1929. By 1955 business had developed so well that Belling opened another factory at Burnley, Lancashire. He partly underwrote, for the amount of £1 million, a proposed scientific technical college for the electrical industry at Enfield.[br]Further Reading1985, Dictionary of Business Biography, Butterworth.G.Jukes, 1963, The Story of Belling, Belling and Co. Ltd (produced by the company in its Golden Jubilee year).DYBiographical history of technology > Belling, Charles Reginald
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