-
1 конверсия долга
Banks. Exchanges. Accounting. (Russian-English) > конверсия долга
-
2 долг
1) (обязанность) dutyостаться в долгу — to be indebted (to)
воинский долг — soldier's duty, the duty of a soldier
выполнять свой интернациональный долг — to fulfil / to do one's international duty
общественный долг — one's duty to society / to the community
сознание общественного долга — awareness of social / public duty
2) (взятое взаймы, одолженное) debtбыть / оказаться в долгу — to owe, to be indebted (to)
быть должным платить чьи-л. долги — to be liable for smb.'s debts
влезть / войти в долги — to get / to run into debts
делать долги — to contract / to incur debts
покрыть долг — to pay a debt, to pay off
прощать долг — to acquit (smb.) of a debt
обременённый большими долгами — debt-laden, heavily in debt, saddled with heavy debts
рост внешнего долга — growth of the foreign / external debt
государственный долг — state / national / public debt
взыскание / инкассирование долгов юр. — collection of debts
долг, погашаемый в первую очередь — preferential / preferred debt
расходы / затраты по обслуживанию долга — debt serving costs
погашение долга — redemption of debt, debt repayment
покрытие долгов — payment, discharge
в долг — on credit / trust
-
3 Umschuldung
Umschuldung f FIN debt refinancing, debt refunding, debt rescheduling, rescheduling of debt, debt restructuring, debt swap, financial restructuring* * *f < Finanz> debt refinancing, debt refunding, debt rescheduling, debt restructuring, debt swap, financial restructuring* * *Umschuldung
debt [re]funding (rescheduling), conversion of debts;
• längerfristige Umschuldung conversion into medium-term debts;
• Umschuldung der kurzfristigen Kredite funding of short-term borrowings;
• Umschuldung von Obligationen refunding of debts. -
4 Schuldenübertragung
Schuldenübertragung
transfer of liabilities;
• Schuldenumwandlung conversion of debts, debt conversion;
• Schuldenverwaltung debt administration (management);
• Schuldenverzeichnis schedule of liabilities, recital of debts;
• Schuldenzahlung payment of debts;
• von Schuldenzahlungen entlasten (Gemeinschuldner) to discharge, to whitewash (Br.);
• Schuldenzunahme growing debt, debt expansion. -
5 перевод долга
1) General subject: novation, transfer agreement3) Economy: assignment of debt, conversion of debt, conversion of debts, transfer of a debt, debt transfer4) Banking: debt conversion, innovation5) leg.N.P. delegation (as in civil law countries), transfer of an obligation -
6 Schuldenumwandlung
Schuldenumwandlung
conversion of debts, debt conversion -
7 Schuldenabbau
Schuldenabbau m BANK, FIN deleveraging (Synonym: Entschuldung, Schuldenrückführung)* * *Schuldenabbau
debt retirement (reduction, repayment), reduction of debts;
• Schuldenabdeckung debt redemption;
• Schuldenablösung debt conversion (relief);
• Schuldenabtragung wiping off of debts;
• Schuldenabzahlung [re]payment of debts;
• Schuldenanhäufung piling up debts;
• Schuldenannullierung abolition of debts;
• Schuldenanwachs growing debts;
• Schuldenart category of debts. -
8 Rückstellung
Rückstellung f RW, STEUER provision, liability reserve • Rückstellung auflösen STEUER liquidate a liability reserve, reverse a liability reserve, liquidate a reserve (for uncertain liabilities and anticipated losses) • Rückstellung bilden RW, STEUER form a liability reserve, set up a liability reserve, accrue a reserve* * *f <Bank, Rechnung, Steuer> provision, liability reserve ■ Rückstellung bilden < Rechnung> form a liability reserve, set up a liability reserve* * *Rückstellung
provision, reserve[s], transfer (allocation) to reserves, reservation, deduction, (Dienstpflicht) draft deferment, (Rückstellungsbetrag) reserve allowance, sum reserved;
• nach Rückstellung für unvorhergesehene Ausgaben after provision for contingencies;
• ohne Rückstellung without deduction;
• außerbetriebliche Rückstellungen non-operating reserves;
• besondere Rückstellung special (provident) reserve;
• langfristige Rückstellungen long-term provisions;
• steuerfreie Rückstellungen untaxed reserves;
• zweckgebundene Rückstellungen appropriated reserve;
• Rückstellung für Abnutzungen (Abschreibungen) allowance (provision) for depreciation, accrued depreciation reserve, reserved property (Br.), reserve for wear, tear, obsolescence or inadequacy;
• Rückstellung für Abschreibung langfristiger Anlagegüter (Anlagenerneuerung) amortization reserve, reserve for amortization;
• Rückstellungen für Anlageveränderungen reserve for investment fluctuations;
• Rückstellung für Anlagenwertverminderung provision for depreciation of investment;
• Rückstellung für Anschaffung hochwertiger Wirtschaftsgüter des Anlagevermögens reserve for high replacement cost;
• Rückstellung für Auffüllung der Lagerbestände provision for replacement of inventories (US);
• Rückstellung für genehmigte Ausgaben reserve for authorized expenditures;
• Rückstellung für unvorhergesehene Ausgaben reserve (provision) for contingencies, contingent reserve;
• Rückstellung für Ausgleichsforderungen equalization reserve;
• Rückstellungen für Betriebsunfälle industrial accident reserve;
• Rückstellung für erschöpfte Bodenschätze depletion reserve;
• Rückstellung für Devisenschwankungen allowance for exchange fluctuations;
• Rückstellung für Dividendenausschüttungen reserve for dividends voted;
• Rückstellung für Dividendennachzahlung reserve for deferred dividends;
• Rückstellung für Dubiose allowance for doubtful (Br.) (bad, US) debts, bad-debts reserve (US), reserve for contingent liabilities (Br.), doubtful-debt provisions (Br.);
• Rückstellung für Eigenversicherung insurance reserve;
• Rückstellung für Einkommensteuer provision (reserve) for income tax;
• Rückstellung für Ersatzbeschaffungen replacement reserve, provision for renewals (Br.);
• Rückstellung für Eventualverbindlichkeiten provision for contingencies, contingency reserve, reserve for contingent liabilities (Br.), liability reserve;
• Rückstellungen für strittige Forderungen bad-claim reserve (US);
• Rückstellung für zweifelhafte (dubiose) Forderungen provision (reserve) for doubtful accounts (Br.), bad-debt reserve (US);
• Rückstellung für Gebäudereparaturen provision for building repairs;
• Rückstellung für Gehälter provision for salaries;
• Rückstellung für Generalkosten reserve for overheads;
• Rückstellungen von Gold earmarking of gold;
• Rückstellung für Grundstücksbelastungen reserve for encumbrances;
• Rückstellung für Grundstücksentwertungen reserve for depreciation of real-estate owned;
• Rückstellungen für Inflationsausgleich contingencies for inflation adjustment;
• Rückstellung für Inventarergänzungen provision for inventory reserve;
• Rückstellung für mögliche Inventarverluste reserve for possible inventory losses;
• Rückstellung für Konsolidierungsaufgaben funding provision;
• Rückstellung für Kosten eines schwebenden Prozesses reserve for payments to be made under a pending lawsuit, reserve for claim in litigation;
• Rückstellungen im Kreditgeschäft (für Kreditausfälle) provisions for possible loan losses;
• Rückstellung für faule Kunden provision for doubtful accounts (Br.), bad-debt provision (reserve) (US);
• Rückstellungen für Kursverluste reserve for loss on investment;
• Rückstellung für Mindereinnahmen deficiency reserve;
• Rückstellung für Neubewertungen revaluation reserve;
• Rückstellung für besondere Notfälle (Bundesnotenbank) naked reserve (US);
• Rückstellung für Pensionsverpflichtungen reserve for retirement allowances;
• Rückstellung für Produktionsausfall deficiency reserve;
• Rückstellungen für nicht vermietete Räume allowance for vacancies;
• Rückstellung für einzelne Rechnungsposten allowance for items in an account;
• Rückstellungen für zurückgestellte Reparaturen und Neuanschaffungen reserve (provision) for deferred repairs and renewals;
• Rückstellung für noch nicht feststehende Risiken (Bilanz) contingencies;
• Rückstellung für Ruhegeldverpflichtungen pension reserve;
• Rückstellungen für noch nicht regulierte Schadenfälle (Bilanz einer Lebensversicherungsgesellschaft) reserve for outstanding claims, claim reserves;
• Rückstellung für zweifelhafte Schulden allowance for doubtful (Br.) (bad, US) debts, reserve for contingent liabilities (Br.), bad-debts reserve (US);
• Rückstellung für Schuldentilgung reserve for debt redemption;
• Rückstellung für Skontonachlässe reserve for discounts;
• Rückstellung für Steuern deduction (reserve) for taxes, provision for taxation (taxes), taxation reserve;
• Rückstellung für Steuernachzahlungen deferred tax provision;
• Rückstellung für Steuerzahlungen auf nicht entnommene Gewinne provision for taxation on unrealized surpluses;
• Rückstellung für Substanzverminderung reserve for depletion;
• Rückstellung für Überalterung provision for obsolescence;
• Rückstellung für Umstellungskosten reserve for conversion cost;
• Rückstellung für Unfälle reserve for accidents;
• Rückstellung für Unterhaltungskosten maintenance reserve;
• Rückstellung für Urlaubsgelder accrual for vacation pay (Br.);
• Rückstellung für eingegangene Verbindlichkeiten liability reserve;
• Rückstellungen für ungewisse Verbindlichkeiten contingency reserve;
• Rückstellung für Verluste loss reserve;
• Rückstellungen für drohende Verluste (Versicherung) technical reserves;
• Rückstellung für Verluste aus Fertigungsaufträgen provision for losses on contracts;
• Rückstellung für eventuelle Verluste im Kreditgeschäft reserve for possible loan losses;
• Rückstellungen für mögliche Verluste am Reingewinn surplus contingency reserve;
• Rückstellung für schwebende Versicherungsfälle reserve for claims pending;
• Rückstellung zur Verteilung des Reingewinns reservation for earned surplus (US);
• Rückstellung für Währungsausgleich reserve for currency equalization;
• Rückstellungen und Wertberichtigungen revaluation and reserves, evaluation reserves;
• Rückstellung für Wertminderung provision for depreciation;
• Rückstellung für Wertminderungen der Vorräte reserve for future decline in inventories;
• Rückstellung für Wiederbeschaffung replacement reserve;
• gewaltige Rückstellungen für Steuernachzahlungen in der Bilanz ansammeln to accumulate mountainous deferred tax provisions in the balance sheet;
• Rückstellungen auflösen to write back provisions;
• Rückstellung bilden to create (set up) a reserve, to make provision for;
• Rückstellungen für Steuernachzahlungen bilden to provide for deferred taxes;
• Rückstellungen für Steuernachzahlungen zur Pflicht machen to make provisions for deferred tax compulsory;
• Rückstellungen vornehmen to set aside as reserve, to make provisions, to create reserves;
• hohe Rückstellungen vornehmen to put large sums to reserve;
• Rückstellungen für Devisenschwankungen vornehmen to allow for exchange fluctuations;
• Rückstellungen für Dubiose (dubiose Forderungen) vornehmen to allow for bad (US) (doubtful, Br.) debts, to make due allowance for doubtful (Br.) (bad, US) debts;
• ausreichende Rückstellungen für Pensionsverpflichtungen vornehmen to make proper provisions for pension liabilities;
• Rückstellungen für Steuern vornehmen to make provisions for taxation. -
9 Umwandlung
Umwandlung f 1. COMP, GEN change, conversion, transformation; 2. MGT reorganization; 3. RECHT change, conversion (eines Strafurteils); 4. VERSICH commutation, transformation* * *f 1. <Comp, Geschäft> change, conversion, transformation; 2. < Mgmnt> reorganization; 3. < Recht> eines Strafurteils change, conversion; 4. < Versich> commutation, transformation* * *Umwandlung
transformation, conversion, rearrangement, (Rente, Strafe) commutation;
• binäre Umwandlung (Computer) binary conversion;
• steuerbegünstigte Umwandlung (Firma) tax-privileged reorganization;
• Umwandlung in eine steuerfreie Anlage conversion into a non-taxable form;
• Umwandlung einer Anleihe conversion of a loan;
• Umwandlung von Bankkrediten in Beteiligungskapital debt-equity-swap;
• Umwandlung eines Einzelunternehmens in eine Gesellschaft turning the business of a sole proprietor into a partnership;
• Umwandlung einer Gesellschaft reorganization of a company (corporation);
• Umwandlung von Grundeigentum in bewegliches Eigentum conversion in equity;
• Umwandlung einer offenen Handelsgesellschaft in eine Aktiengesellschaft conversion of a partnership into a company (corporation);
• Umwandlung voll einbezahlter Kapitalanteilsrechte in Aktien conversion of shares into stock;
• Umwandlung von Kapitalgesellschaften conversion of corporations;
• Umwandlung steuerpflichtiger Pfandbriefrenditen in steuerfreie Kapitalgewinne bond washing;
• Umwandlung schwebender Schulden conversion (funding) of debts;
• Umwandlung von unbeweglichem in bewegliches Vermögen conversion of realty into personalty. -
10 долг
сущ.( задолженность) debt; indebtedness; ( обязанность) duty; ( обязательства) мн liabilityбыть в долгу — to be in debt; ( у кого-л) to be in smb's debt (in debt to smb)
делать долги (влезать в долги) — to fall (get, run) into debts; incur debts
исполнять свой (гражданский) долг — to do one's (civic) duty; ( моральный тж) to fulfil one's moral responsibility (to)
погашать (выплачивать) долг — to clear off (discharge, extinguish, liquidate, pay off, redeem, reimburse, repay, satisfy, settle) a debt
считать своим долгом — to consider it one's duty (to + inf)
(грубейшее) нарушение долга — (egregious, flagrant, gross) breach (dereliction) of duty
обеспечение долга — фин security for a debt
погашение долга — clearing off (discharge, extinguishment, liquidation, payment, redemption, reimbursement, repayment, satisfaction, settlement) of a debt
при исполнении (служебного) долга — in the discharge (performance) of one's (official) duty; when (while) on duty
- безнадёжный долгдолг по обязательству, обеспеченному залогом — debt under obligation secured by a pledge
- внешний долг
- государственный долг
- гражданский долг
- долгосрочный долг
- краткосрочный долг
- накопленный долг
- непогашенный долг
- обеспеченный долг
- обременённый долгами
- отсроченный долг
- погашенный долг
- родительский долг
- свободный от долгов
- текущий долг -
11 Umwandlung schwebender Schulden
Umwandlung schwebender Schulden
conversion (funding) of debtsBusiness german-english dictionary > Umwandlung schwebender Schulden
-
12 längerfristige Umschuldung
längerfristige Umschuldung
conversion into medium-term debtsBusiness german-english dictionary > längerfristige Umschuldung
-
13 βαπτίζω
βαπτίζω fut. βαπτίσω; 1 aor. ἐβάπτισα. Mid.: ἐβαπτισάμην. Pass.: impf. ἐβαπτιζόμην; fut. βαπτισθήσομαι; 1 aor. ἐβαπτίσθην; pf. ptc. βεβαπτισμένος (Hippocr., Pla., esp. Polyb.+; UPZ 70, 13 [152/151 B.C.]; PGM 5, 69; LXX; ApcSed 14:7 [p. 136, 8f Ja.]; Philo; Joseph.; SibOr 5, 478; Just.; Mel., Fgm. 8, 1 and 2 Goodsp.=8b, 4 and 14 P.—In Gk. lit. gener. to put or go under water in a variety of senses, also fig., e.g. ‘soak’ Pla., Symp. 176b in wine) in our lit. only in ritual or ceremonial sense (as Plut.; Herm. Wr. [s. 2a below]; PGM 4, 44; 7, 441 λουσάμενος κ. βαπτισάμενος; 4 Km 5:14; Sir 34:25; Jdth 12:7; cp. Iren. 1, 21, 3 [Harv. I 183, 83]).① wash ceremonially for purpose of purification, wash, purify, of a broad range of repeated ritual washing rooted in Israelite tradition (cp. Just., D. 46, 2) Mk 7:4; Lk 11:38; Ox 840, 15.—WBrandt, Jüd. Reinheitslehre u. ihre Beschreibg. in den Ev. 1910; ABüchler, The Law of Purification in Mk 7:1–23: ET 21, 1910, 34–40; JDöller, D. Reinheits-u. Speisegesetze d. ATs 1917; JJeremias, TZ 5, ’49, 418–28. See 1QS 5:8–23; 2:25–3:12; 4:20–22.② to use water in a rite for purpose of renewing or establishing a relationship w. God, plunge, dip, wash, baptize. The transliteration ‘baptize’ signifies the ceremonial character that NT narratives accord such cleansing, but the need of qualifying statements or contextual coloring in the documents indicates that the term β. was not nearly so technical as the transliteration suggests.ⓐ of dedicatory cleansing associated w. the ministry of John the Baptist (Orig., C. Cels. 1, 47, 4), abs. J 1:25, 28; 3:23a; 10:40; hence John is called ὁ βαπτίζων Mk 1:4; 6:14, 24 (Goodsp., Probs. 50–52).—Pass. Mt 3:16; ISm 1:1; oft. have oneself baptized, get baptized Mt 3:13f; Lk 3:7, 12, 21; 7:30; J 3:23b; GEb 18, 35f; IEph 18:2 al. (B-D-F §314; s. §317).—(ἐν) ὕδατι w. water Mk 1:8a; Lk 3:16a; Ac 1:5a; 11:16a; ἐν (τῷ) ὕδατι J 1:26, 31, 33; ἐν τῷ Ἰορδ. (4 Km 5:14) Mt 3:6; Mk 1:5; εἰς τὸν Ἰορδ. (cp. Plut., Mor. 166a βάπτισον σεαυτὸν εἰς θάλασσαν; Herm. Wr. 4, 4 βάπτισον σεαυτὸν εἰς τὸν κρατῆρα) Mk 1:9.—W. the external element and purpose given ἐν ὕδατι εἰς μετάνοιαν Mt 3:11a (AOliver, Is β. used w. ἐν and the Instrumental?: RevExp 35, ’38, 190–97).—βαπτίζεσθαι τὸ βάπτισμα Ἰωάννου undergo John’s baptism Lk 7:29. εἰς τί ἐβαπτίσθητε; Ac 19:3 means, as the answer shows, in reference to what (baptism) were you baptized? i.e. what kind of baptism did you receive (as the context indicates, John’s baptism was designed to implement repentance as a necessary stage for the reception of Jesus; with the arrival of Jesus the next stage was the receipt of the Holy Spirit in connection with apostolic baptism in the name of Jesus, who was no longer the ‘coming one’, but the arrived ‘Lord’)? β. βάπτισμα μετανοίας administer a repentance baptism vs. 4; GEb 13, 74.—S. the lit. on Ἰωάν(ν)ης 1, and on the baptism of Jesus by John: JBornemann, D. Taufe Christi durch Joh. 1896; HUsener, D. Weihnachtsfest2 1911; DVölter, D. Taufe Jesu durch Joh.: NThT 6, 1917, 53–76; WBundy, The Meaning of Jesus’ Baptism: JR 7, 1927, 56–75; MJacobus, Zur Taufe Jesu bei Mt 3:14, 15: NKZ 40, 1929, 44–53; SHirsch, Taufe, Versuchung u. Verklärung Jesu ’32; DPlooij, The Baptism of Jesus: RHarris Festschr. (Amicitiae Corolla), ed. HWood ’33, 239–52; JKosnetter, D. Taufe Jesu ’36; HRowley, TManson memorial vol., ed. Higgins ’59, 218–29 (Qumran); JSchneider, Der historische Jesus u. d. kerygmatische Christus ’61, 530–42; HKraft, TZ 17, ’61, 399–412 (Joel); FLentzen-Dies, D. Taufe Jesu nach den Synoptikern, ’70. More reff. s.v. περιστερά.ⓑ of cleansing performed by Jesus J 3:22, 26; 4:1; difft. 4:2 with disclaimer of baptismal activity by Jesus personally.ⓒ of the Christian sacrament of initiation after Jesus’ death (freq. pass.; s. above 2a; Iren. 3, 12, 9 [Harv. II 63, 3]) Mk 16:16; Ac 2:41; 8:12f, 36, 38; 9:18; 10:47; 16:15, 33; 18:8; 22:16; 1 Cor 1:14–17; D 7 (where baptism by pouring is allowed in cases of necessity); ISm 8:2.—β. τινὰ εἰς (τὸ) ὄνομά τινος (s. ὄνομα 1dγב) baptize in or w. respect to the name of someone: (τοῦ) κυρίου Ac 8:16; 19:5; D 9:5; Hv 3, 7, 3. Cp. 1 Cor 1:13, 15. εἰς τ. ὄν. τ. πατρὸς καὶ τ. υἱοῦ καὶ τ. ἁγίου πνεύματος Mt 28:19 (on the original form of the baptismal formula see FConybeare, ZNW 2, 1901, 275–88; ERiggenbach, BFCT VII/1, 1903; VIII/4, 1904; HHoltzmann, Ntl. Theologie2 I 1911, 449f; OMoe: RSeeberg Festschr. 1929, I 179–96; GOngaro, Biblica 19, ’38, 267–79; GBraumann, Vorpaulinische christl. Taufverkündigung bei Paulus ’62); D 7:1, 4. Likew. ἐν τῷ ὀν. Ἰ. Χριστοῦ Ac 2:38 v.l.; 10:48; ἐπὶ τῷ ὀν. Ἰ. Χρ. Ac 2:38 text; more briefly εἰς Χριστόν Gal 3:27; Ro 6:3a. To be baptized εἰς Χρ. is for Paul an involvement in Christ’s death and its implications for the believer εἰς τὸν θάνατον αὐτοῦ ἐβαπτίσθημεν vs. 3b (s. Ltzm. ad loc.; HSchlier, EvTh ’38, 335–47; GWagner, D. relgeschichtliche Problem von Rö 6:1–11, ’62, tr. Pauline Bapt. and the Pagan Mysteries, by JSmith, ’67; RSchnackenburg, Baptism in the Thought of St. Paul ’64, tr. of D. Heilsgeschehen b. d. Taufe nach dem Ap. Paulus ’50). The effect of baptism is to bring all those baptized εἰς ἓν σῶμα 1 Cor 12:13 (perh. wordplay: ‘plunged into one body’).—W. the purpose given εἰς ἄφεσιν τ. ἁμαρτιῶν Ac 2:38 (IScheftelowitz, D. Sündentilgung durch Wasser: ARW 17, 1914, 353–412).—Diod S 5, 49, 6: many believe that by being received into the mysteries by the rites (τελεταί) they become more devout, more just, and better in every way.—ὑπὲρ τ. νεκρῶν 1 Cor 15:29a, s. also vs. * 29b, is obscure because of our limited knowledge of a practice that was evidently obvious to the recipients of Paul’s letter; it has been interpr. (1) in place of the dead, i.e. vicariously; (2) for the benefit of the dead, in var. senses; (3) locally, over (the graves of) the dead; (4) on account of the dead, infl. by their good ex.; of these the last two are the least probable. See comm. and HPreisker, ZNW 23, 1924, 298–304; JZingerle, Heiliges Recht: JÖAI 23, 1926; Rtzst., Taufe 43f; AMarmorstein, ZNW 30, ’31, 277–85; AOliver, RevExp 34, ’37, 48–53; three articles: Kirchenblatt 98, ’42 and six: ET 54, ’43; 55, ’44; MRaeder, ZNW 46, ’56, 258–60; BFoschini, 5 articles: CBQ 12, ’50 and 13, ’51.—On the substitution of a ceremony by another person cp. Diod S 4, 24, 5: the boys who do not perform the customary sacrifices lose their voices and become as dead persons in the sacred precinct. When someone takes a vow to make the sacrifice for them, their trouble disappears at once.③ to cause someone to have an extraordinary experience akin to an initiatory water-rite, to plunge, baptize. Cp. ‘take the plunge’ and s. OED ‘Plunge’ II 5 esp. for the rendering of usage 3c, below.ⓐ typologically of Israel’s passage through the Red Sea εἰς τὸν Μωϋσῆν ἐβαπτίσαντο they got themselves plunged/ baptized for Moses, thereby affirming his leadership 1 Cor 10:2 v.l. (if the pass. ἐβαπτίσθησαν is to be read with N. the point remains the same; but the mid. form puts the onus, as indicated by the context, on the Israelites).ⓑ of the Holy Spirit (fire) β. τινὰ (ἐν) πνεύματι ἁγίῳ Mk 1:8 (v.l. + ἐν); J 1:33; Ac 1:5b; 11:16b; cp. 1 Cor 12:13 (cp. Just., D. 29, 1). ἐν πν. ἁγ. καὶ πυρί Mt 3:11b; Lk 3:16b (JDunn, NovT 14, ’72, 81–92). On the oxymoron of baptism w. fire: REisler, Orphischdionysische Mysterienged. in d. christl. Antike: Vortr. d. Bibl. Warburg II/2, 1925, 139ff; CEdsman, Le baptême de feu (ASNU 9) ’40. JATRobinson, The Baptism of John and Qumran, HTR 50, ’57, 175–91; cp. 1QS 4:20f.ⓒ of martyrdom (s. the fig. uses in UPZ 70, 13 [152/151 B.C.]; Diod S 1, 73, 6; Plut., Galba 1062 [21, 3] ὀφλήμασι βεβ. ‘overwhelmed by debts’; Chariton 2, 4, 4, βαπτιζόμενος ὑπὸ τ. ἐπιθυμίας; Vi. Aesopi I c. 21 p. 278, 4 λύπῃ βαπτιζόμενος; Achilles Tat. 3, 10, 1 πλήθει βαπτισθῆναι κακῶν; Herm. Wr. 4, 4 ἐβαπτίσαντο τοῦ νοός; Is 21:4; Jos., Bell. 4, 137 ἐβάπτισεν τ. πόλιν ‘he drowned the city in misery’) δύνασθε τὸ βάπτισμα ὸ̔ ἐγὼ βαπτίζομαι βαπτισθῆναι; Mk 10:38 (perh. the stark metaph. of impending personal disaster is to be rendered, ‘are you prepared to be drowned the way I’m going to be drowned?’); cp. vs. 39; Mt 20:22 v.l.; in striking contrast to fire Lk 12:50 (GDelling, Novum Testamentum 2, ’57, 92–115).—PAlthaus, Senior, D. Heilsbedeutung d. Taufe im NT 1897; WHeitmüller, Im Namen Jesu 1903, Taufe u. Abendmahl b. Paulus 1903, Taufe u. Abendmahl im Urchristentum 1911; FRendtorff, D. Taufe im Urchristentum 1905; HWindisch, Taufe u. Sünde im ältesten Christentum 1908; ASeeberg, D. Taufe im NT2 1913; AvStromberg, Studien zu Theorie u. Praxis der Taufe 1913; GottfrKittel, D. Wirkungen d. chr. Wassertaufe nach d. NT: StKr 87, 1914, 25ff; WKoch, D. Taufe im NT3 1921; JLeipoldt, D. urchr. Taufe im Lichte der Relgesch. 1928; RReitzenstein, D. Vorgesch. d. christl. Taufe 1929 (against him HSchaeder, Gnomon 5, 1929, 353–70, answered by Rtzst., ARW 27, 1929, 241–77); FDölger, Ac I 1929, II 1930; HvSoden, Sakrament u. Ethik bei Pls: ROtto Festschr., Marburger Theologische Studien ’31, no. 1, 1–40; MEnslin, Crozer Quarterly 8, ’31, 47–67; BBacon, ATR 13, ’31, 155–74; CBowen: RHutcheon, Studies in NT, ’36, 30–48; GBornkamm, ThBl 17, ’38, 42–52; 18, ’39, 233–42; HSchlier, EvTh ’38, 335–47 ( Ro 6); EBruston, La notion bibl. du baptême: ÉTLR ’38, 67–93; 135–50; HMarsh, The Origin and Signif. of the NT Baptism ’41; KBarth, D. kirchl. Lehre v. d. Taufe2 ’43 (Eng. tr., The Teaching of the Church Regarding Baptism, EPayne ’48); FGrant, ATR 27, ’45, 253–63; HSchlier, D. kirchl. Lehre v. d. Taufe: TLZ 72, ’47, 321–26; OCullmann, Baptism in the NT (tr. JReid) ’50; MBarth, D. Taufe ein Sakrament? ’51; RBultmann, Theology of the NT, tr. KGrobel ’51, I 133–44; JSchneider, D. Taufe im NT ’52; DStanley, TS 18, ’57, 169–215; EFascher, Taufe: Pauly-W. 2. Reihe IV 2501–18 (’32); AOepke, TW I ’33, 527–44; GBeasley-Murray, Baptism in the NT ’62; MQuesnel, Baptisés dans l’Esprit ’85 (Acts); DDaube, The NT and Rabbinic Judaism ’56, 106–40; NMcEleney, Conversion, Circumstance and the Law: NTS 20, ’74, 319–41; HBraun, Qumran u. d. NT II ’66, 1–29; OBetz, D. Proselytentaufe der Qumransekte u. d. NT: RevQ 1, ’58, 213–34; JYsebaert, Gk. Baptismal Terminology, ’62. S. τέκνον 1aα.—B. 1482. DELG s.v. βάπτω. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv. -
14 פטר
פָּטַר(b. h.) 1) to break through, open. Bekh.VIII, 1 (46a) (ref. to Ex. 13:2) עד שיִפְטְרוּ רחם מישראל (not שיפטרוה) provided they open the womb when the mother is an Israelite (although she conceived before her conversion); ib. 47a. 2) to send off, discharge, dismiss. Keth.XIII, 5, a. fr. או כנוס או פְּטוֹר (the betrothed has a right to say) either marry or release (me by divorce). Gitt.VI, 5 פִּטְרוּהָ … לא אמר כלום if one says to friends, ‘release her … he has said nothing (they are not authorized to write a letter of divorce, as it might mean, release her of her debts); ib. 65b ר׳ נתן אומר פַּטְּרוּהָ דבריו קיימין פִּיטָרוּהָ לא אמר כלום R. N. says, if he said paṭṭruha (Pi.), his words stand (a divorce is meant), but if he says piṭruha ( Kal) Ib. ר׳ נתן דבבלאה … בין פיטרוה לפטרוהוכ׳ R. N. who is a Babylonian, draws a distinction between piṭruha and paṭṭruha; our Tannai (in the Mishnah) being a Palestinian does not Ib. VIII, 4. פּוֹטֵר … בגט ישן a man may divorce his wife with an old letter of divorce (having been closeted with her after he had written it); Tosef. ib. VIII (VI), 3 אינו פוטרוכ׳ he must not divorce with an old letter, in order that the letter of divorce may not date farther back than (the conception of) her child; a. fr. 3) to dismiss, give leave, let go. Sot.IX, 6 ופְטַרְנוּהוּ בלא מזון and we let him (the stranger) go without provision. Midr. Till. to Ps. 91 מי גרול הפּוֹטֵר או הנִפְטָר which is the superior of the two? he who gives leave, or he who takes leave? Ib. (ref. to Gen. 32:27) הרי יעקב פוטר למלאך behold, Jacob gives leave to the angel; a. fr. 4) (law) to discharge, acquit; (ritual) to exempt from obligation, to declare free from punishment, eventually from sacrificial atonement, opp. חִיֵּיב. Erub.65a יכול אני לִפְטוֹרוכ׳ I can (by my plea) release from judgment the whole world (all Israelites) from the destruction of the Temple to the present time, for we read (Is. 51:21), Hear now this, thou afflicted and drunken (a drunken person is irresponsible); ib. מאי יכולני לפטור נמי מדין תפלה this ‘I can release means also from responsibility for neglect of prayer (the drunken not being permitted to pray). Succ.45b. Sabb.II, 5 ר׳ יוסי פוטר בכלןוכ׳ R. J. declares (him that did it) free from punishment or eventual sacrifice in all those cases, except Ker.IV, 2 ר׳ יהושע פוטר R. J. absolves him from bringing a sin-offering, opp. מחייב חטאת. Snh.V, 5 אם מצאו לו זכות פְּטָרוּהוּ if they found evidence in his favor, they (the court) acquitted him; a. v. fr.Trnsf. to cause exemption; to cover, include. Ber.VI, 5 ברך על היין … פ׳ את הייןוכ׳ if he recited the blessing over wine before the meal, he has therewith exempted the wine offered after the meal (from an additional blessing). Ib. 7 מברך על העיקר ופוטר את הטפלה he says the blessing over the chief dish, and with this he covers that which goes with it (v. טְפֵלָה). Yeb.I, 1 חמש … פּוֹטְרוֹת צרותיהן fifteen women (of various kinship with the yabam, by which he is prevented from marrying any of them) cover their rivals (making them free from dependence on the yabam for marriage or discharge); a. fr.Part. pass. פָּטוּר; f. פְּטוּרָה; pl. פְּטוּרִים, פְּטוּרִין; פְּטוּרוֹת (is, are) exempt, free, opp. חַיָּיב. Peah I, 6 ופ׳ מן המעשרותוכ׳ and he need not give the tithes, until B. Mets.VIII, 1 פ׳ (sub. מלשלם) he is free from indemnity. Ib. VII, 10 מתנה … להיות פ׳ משבועה may have an agreement to be eventually exempt from making oath; להיות פ׳ מלשלם to be exempt from responsibility. Kidd.I, 7 כל מצות הבן על האב … ונשים פ׳ to all paternal duties men are bound, but women (mothers) are exempt from them. Yeb.I, 2 כשם שבתו פ׳ כך צרתה פ׳ as well as his (the yabams) daughter is exempt (from the law of levirate marriage, because the yabam cannot marry her), so her rival is exempt; a. v. fr. Pi. פִּיטֵּר to dismiss; to divorce. Gitt.65b, v. supra. Kidd.31b פַּטְּרוּנִי dismiss (escort) me; a. e. Nif. נִפְטָר, Hithpa. הִתְפַטֵּר 1) to be exempted, freed. Bekh.II, 1 לא נִפְטְרוּ מבכורוכ׳ they (the Levites) have not been exempted from consecrating the firstborn of clean animals, but only from redeeming their firstborn sons and the firstborn of asses; a. e. 2) to be dismissed, take leave, depart. Yoma I, 5 נפטרו והלכו להם they took leave and went. Sot.IX, 5. Ber.64a הנ׳ מחבירווכ׳ he who leaves his friend (after escorting him a distance) must not say, ‘go in peace, but, ‘go to peace; הנ׳ מן המתוכ׳ he who takes leave of the dead (after burial) Ib. 31a; Erub.64a לא יִפָּטֵר אדםוכ׳ one must not leave a friend otherwise than with a word of tradition (on legal or religious subjects), by which he may remember him; a. fr.Esp. to depart this world, to die. Ber.17a גדל בשם טוב ונ׳ בשם טוב מן העולם who grew (lived) with a good name, and left the world with a good name. Tem.16a בשעהשנ׳ משה רבינו לגן עדן when Moses our teacher was to depart for paradise. Gen. R. s. 96; a. fr.Yalk. Koh. 989 בשעה … מִתְפַּטְּרִיםוכ׳ when the children are dismissed from school. Hif. הִפְטִיר 1) to discard; ה׳ בשפה to discard with the lip, to spurn. Pesik. R. s. 37 מחרקין … ומַפְטִירִים בשפתותיהם gnashed their teeth … and spurned with their lips (ref. to Ps. 22:8). Treat. Der. Er. ch. 2 מפְטִירֵי שפה (= מפטירין בשפה). 2) to dismiss, adjourn a meeting. Y.Ber.IV, 7d top הַפְטֵר את העם dismiss the people (adjourn the meeting). M. Kat. 5b, v. בָּכָה. Ḥull.51a מַפְטִיר כנסיות one who dismisses the assemblies, janitor, v. כְּנֶסֶת.Pes.X, 8, v. אֶפִּיקוֹמָן; a. e. 3) ( to recite before dismissal, to conclude the reading from the Law by reading a portion of the Prophets, to read the Hafṭarah (v. הַפְטָרָה). Meg.IV, 1 בשני … ואין מַפְטִירִין בנביא on Mondays, Thursdays and Saturday afternoons three persons read from the Law …, and we do not close with a lesson from the Prophets. Ib. 5 המפטיר בנביא הואוכ׳ he who concludes with the prophetic lesson (being the last of those called up) has the privilege of, v. פָּרַס; a. fr. -
15 פָּטַר
פָּטַר(b. h.) 1) to break through, open. Bekh.VIII, 1 (46a) (ref. to Ex. 13:2) עד שיִפְטְרוּ רחם מישראל (not שיפטרוה) provided they open the womb when the mother is an Israelite (although she conceived before her conversion); ib. 47a. 2) to send off, discharge, dismiss. Keth.XIII, 5, a. fr. או כנוס או פְּטוֹר (the betrothed has a right to say) either marry or release (me by divorce). Gitt.VI, 5 פִּטְרוּהָ … לא אמר כלום if one says to friends, ‘release her … he has said nothing (they are not authorized to write a letter of divorce, as it might mean, release her of her debts); ib. 65b ר׳ נתן אומר פַּטְּרוּהָ דבריו קיימין פִּיטָרוּהָ לא אמר כלום R. N. says, if he said paṭṭruha (Pi.), his words stand (a divorce is meant), but if he says piṭruha ( Kal) Ib. ר׳ נתן דבבלאה … בין פיטרוה לפטרוהוכ׳ R. N. who is a Babylonian, draws a distinction between piṭruha and paṭṭruha; our Tannai (in the Mishnah) being a Palestinian does not Ib. VIII, 4. פּוֹטֵר … בגט ישן a man may divorce his wife with an old letter of divorce (having been closeted with her after he had written it); Tosef. ib. VIII (VI), 3 אינו פוטרוכ׳ he must not divorce with an old letter, in order that the letter of divorce may not date farther back than (the conception of) her child; a. fr. 3) to dismiss, give leave, let go. Sot.IX, 6 ופְטַרְנוּהוּ בלא מזון and we let him (the stranger) go without provision. Midr. Till. to Ps. 91 מי גרול הפּוֹטֵר או הנִפְטָר which is the superior of the two? he who gives leave, or he who takes leave? Ib. (ref. to Gen. 32:27) הרי יעקב פוטר למלאך behold, Jacob gives leave to the angel; a. fr. 4) (law) to discharge, acquit; (ritual) to exempt from obligation, to declare free from punishment, eventually from sacrificial atonement, opp. חִיֵּיב. Erub.65a יכול אני לִפְטוֹרוכ׳ I can (by my plea) release from judgment the whole world (all Israelites) from the destruction of the Temple to the present time, for we read (Is. 51:21), Hear now this, thou afflicted and drunken (a drunken person is irresponsible); ib. מאי יכולני לפטור נמי מדין תפלה this ‘I can release means also from responsibility for neglect of prayer (the drunken not being permitted to pray). Succ.45b. Sabb.II, 5 ר׳ יוסי פוטר בכלןוכ׳ R. J. declares (him that did it) free from punishment or eventual sacrifice in all those cases, except Ker.IV, 2 ר׳ יהושע פוטר R. J. absolves him from bringing a sin-offering, opp. מחייב חטאת. Snh.V, 5 אם מצאו לו זכות פְּטָרוּהוּ if they found evidence in his favor, they (the court) acquitted him; a. v. fr.Trnsf. to cause exemption; to cover, include. Ber.VI, 5 ברך על היין … פ׳ את הייןוכ׳ if he recited the blessing over wine before the meal, he has therewith exempted the wine offered after the meal (from an additional blessing). Ib. 7 מברך על העיקר ופוטר את הטפלה he says the blessing over the chief dish, and with this he covers that which goes with it (v. טְפֵלָה). Yeb.I, 1 חמש … פּוֹטְרוֹת צרותיהן fifteen women (of various kinship with the yabam, by which he is prevented from marrying any of them) cover their rivals (making them free from dependence on the yabam for marriage or discharge); a. fr.Part. pass. פָּטוּר; f. פְּטוּרָה; pl. פְּטוּרִים, פְּטוּרִין; פְּטוּרוֹת (is, are) exempt, free, opp. חַיָּיב. Peah I, 6 ופ׳ מן המעשרותוכ׳ and he need not give the tithes, until B. Mets.VIII, 1 פ׳ (sub. מלשלם) he is free from indemnity. Ib. VII, 10 מתנה … להיות פ׳ משבועה may have an agreement to be eventually exempt from making oath; להיות פ׳ מלשלם to be exempt from responsibility. Kidd.I, 7 כל מצות הבן על האב … ונשים פ׳ to all paternal duties men are bound, but women (mothers) are exempt from them. Yeb.I, 2 כשם שבתו פ׳ כך צרתה פ׳ as well as his (the yabams) daughter is exempt (from the law of levirate marriage, because the yabam cannot marry her), so her rival is exempt; a. v. fr. Pi. פִּיטֵּר to dismiss; to divorce. Gitt.65b, v. supra. Kidd.31b פַּטְּרוּנִי dismiss (escort) me; a. e. Nif. נִפְטָר, Hithpa. הִתְפַטֵּר 1) to be exempted, freed. Bekh.II, 1 לא נִפְטְרוּ מבכורוכ׳ they (the Levites) have not been exempted from consecrating the firstborn of clean animals, but only from redeeming their firstborn sons and the firstborn of asses; a. e. 2) to be dismissed, take leave, depart. Yoma I, 5 נפטרו והלכו להם they took leave and went. Sot.IX, 5. Ber.64a הנ׳ מחבירווכ׳ he who leaves his friend (after escorting him a distance) must not say, ‘go in peace, but, ‘go to peace; הנ׳ מן המתוכ׳ he who takes leave of the dead (after burial) Ib. 31a; Erub.64a לא יִפָּטֵר אדםוכ׳ one must not leave a friend otherwise than with a word of tradition (on legal or religious subjects), by which he may remember him; a. fr.Esp. to depart this world, to die. Ber.17a גדל בשם טוב ונ׳ בשם טוב מן העולם who grew (lived) with a good name, and left the world with a good name. Tem.16a בשעהשנ׳ משה רבינו לגן עדן when Moses our teacher was to depart for paradise. Gen. R. s. 96; a. fr.Yalk. Koh. 989 בשעה … מִתְפַּטְּרִיםוכ׳ when the children are dismissed from school. Hif. הִפְטִיר 1) to discard; ה׳ בשפה to discard with the lip, to spurn. Pesik. R. s. 37 מחרקין … ומַפְטִירִים בשפתותיהם gnashed their teeth … and spurned with their lips (ref. to Ps. 22:8). Treat. Der. Er. ch. 2 מפְטִירֵי שפה (= מפטירין בשפה). 2) to dismiss, adjourn a meeting. Y.Ber.IV, 7d top הַפְטֵר את העם dismiss the people (adjourn the meeting). M. Kat. 5b, v. בָּכָה. Ḥull.51a מַפְטִיר כנסיות one who dismisses the assemblies, janitor, v. כְּנֶסֶת.Pes.X, 8, v. אֶפִּיקוֹמָן; a. e. 3) ( to recite before dismissal, to conclude the reading from the Law by reading a portion of the Prophets, to read the Hafṭarah (v. הַפְטָרָה). Meg.IV, 1 בשני … ואין מַפְטִירִין בנביא on Mondays, Thursdays and Saturday afternoons three persons read from the Law …, and we do not close with a lesson from the Prophets. Ib. 5 המפטיר בנביא הואוכ׳ he who concludes with the prophetic lesson (being the last of those called up) has the privilege of, v. פָּרַס; a. fr.
См. также в других словарях:
out and out conversion — The rule that real estate intended by partners to constitute a part of the firm property, or treated by them as belonging to the firm, is regarded in equity as converted into personalty for all purposes, as well for the purpose of the adjustment… … Ballentine's law dictionary
Europe, history of — Introduction history of European peoples and cultures from prehistoric times to the present. Europe is a more ambiguous term than most geographic expressions. Its etymology is doubtful, as is the physical extent of the area it designates.… … Universalium
France — /frans, frahns/; Fr. /frddahonns/, n. 1. Anatole /ann nann tawl /, (Jacques Anatole Thibault), 1844 1924, French novelist and essayist: Nobel prize 1921. 2. a republic in W Europe. 58,470,421; 212,736 sq. mi. (550,985 sq. km). Cap.: Paris. 3.… … Universalium
United Kingdom — a kingdom in NW Europe, consisting of Great Britain and Northern Ireland: formerly comprising Great Britain and Ireland 1801 1922. 58,610,182; 94,242 sq. mi. (244,100 sq. km). Cap.: London. Abbr.: U.K. Official name, United Kingdom of Great… … Universalium
Spain — /spayn/, n. a kingdom in SW Europe. Including the Balearic and Canary islands, 39,244,195; 194,988 sq. mi. (505,019 sq. km). Cap.: Madrid. Spanish, España. * * * Spain Introduction Spain Background: Spain s powerful world empire of the 16th and… … Universalium
United States — a republic in the N Western Hemisphere comprising 48 conterminous states, the District of Columbia, and Alaska in North America, and Hawaii in the N Pacific. 267,954,767; conterminous United States, 3,022,387 sq. mi. (7,827,982 sq. km); with… … Universalium
Timeline of antisemitism — This timeline of antisemitism chronicles the facts of antisemitism, hostile actions or discrimination against Jews as a religious or ethnic group. It includes events in the history of antisemitic thought, actions taken to combat or relieve the… … Wikipedia
Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act (US) — Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act Full title An Act to amend title 11 of the United States Code, and for other purposes. Acronym BAPCPA Colloquial name(s) Bankruptcy Reform Enacted by the … Wikipedia
Currency of Colombia — Contents 1 Spanish colonial coinage 1.1 1622–1756 Cob coinage (macuquina) 1.2 1756–1822 Milled coinage 1.3 1813–1820 Necessity coinage … Wikipedia
Russia — /rush euh/, n. 1. Also called Russian Empire. Russian, Rossiya. a former empire in E Europe and N and W Asia: overthrown by the Russian Revolution 1917. Cap.: St. Petersburg (1703 1917). 2. See Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. 3. See Russian… … Universalium
Ukraine — /yooh krayn , kruyn , yooh krayn/, n. a republic in SE Europe: rich agricultural and industrial region. 50,684,635; 223,090 sq. mi. (603,700 sq. km). Cap.: Kiev. Russian, Ukraina. Formerly, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic. * * * Ukraine… … Universalium