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contemplated

  • 81 подтягивать


    tighten (bolt, screw, nut)
    (болт, винт, гайку)
    - самолет (при заходе на посадку) — extend glide, make а glide extended, pull-up (airplane)
    самолет не дотягивает до расчетной точки посадки, если не удается подтянуть его при планировании к аэропорту. — the airplane undershoots when failed to make а glide extended to the landing area upon which the landing was contemplated.
    - трос — pun-up the cable

    Русско-английский сборник авиационно-технических терминов > подтягивать

  • 82 промазывать


    undershoot
    (приземляться с недолетом до расчетной точки) — failure to make а glide extend to the landing area upon which a landing was contemplated.
    - (приземляться с перелетом за расчетную точку) — overshoot. то fly beyond а designated mark or area (landing field), while attempting to land on the mark or within the area.
    определять при посадке что "промазал" (прелетел за расчетную точку) — determine overshooting when you determine that you overshooting, go around.

    Русско-английский сборник авиационно-технических терминов > промазывать

  • 83 betrachtete

    1. contemplated
    2. regarded

    Deutsch-Englisches Wörterbuch > betrachtete

  • 84 Psychology

       We come therefore now to that knowledge whereunto the ancient oracle directeth us, which is the knowledge of ourselves; which deserveth the more accurate handling, by how much it toucheth us more nearly. This knowledge, as it is the end and term of natural philosophy in the intention of man, so notwithstanding it is but a portion of natural philosophy in the continent of nature.... [W]e proceed to human philosophy or Humanity, which hath two parts: the one considereth man segregate, or distributively; the other congregate, or in society. So as Human philosophy is either Simple and Particular, or Conjugate and Civil. Humanity Particular consisteth of the same parts whereof man consisteth; that is, of knowledges which respect the Body, and of knowledges that respect the Mind... how the one discloseth the other and how the one worketh upon the other... [:] the one is honored with the inquiry of Aristotle, and the other of Hippocrates. (Bacon, 1878, pp. 236-237)
       The claims of Psychology to rank as a distinct science are... not smaller but greater than those of any other science. If its phenomena are contemplated objectively, merely as nervo-muscular adjustments by which the higher organisms from moment to moment adapt their actions to environing co-existences and sequences, its degree of specialty, even then, entitles it to a separate place. The moment the element of feeling, or consciousness, is used to interpret nervo-muscular adjustments as thus exhibited in the living beings around, objective Psychology acquires an additional, and quite exceptional, distinction. (Spencer, 1896, p. 141)
       Kant once declared that psychology was incapable of ever raising itself to the rank of an exact natural science. The reasons that he gives... have often been repeated in later times. In the first place, Kant says, psychology cannot become an exact science because mathematics is inapplicable to the phenomena of the internal sense; the pure internal perception, in which mental phenomena must be constructed,-time,-has but one dimension. In the second place, however, it cannot even become an experimental science, because in it the manifold of internal observation cannot be arbitrarily varied,-still less, another thinking subject be submitted to one's experiments, comformably to the end in view; moreover, the very fact of observation means alteration of the observed object. (Wundt, 1904, p. 6)
       It is [Gustav] Fechner's service to have found and followed the true way; to have shown us how a "mathematical psychology" may, within certain limits, be realized in practice.... He was the first to show how Herbart's idea of an "exact psychology" might be turned to practical account. (Wundt, 1904, pp. 6-7)
       "Mind," "intellect," "reason," "understanding," etc. are concepts... that existed before the advent of any scientific psychology. The fact that the naive consciousness always and everywhere points to internal experience as a special source of knowledge, may, therefore, be accepted for the moment as sufficient testimony to the rights of psychology as science.... "Mind," will accordingly be the subject, to which we attribute all the separate facts of internal observation as predicates. The subject itself is determined p. 17) wholly and exclusively by its predicates. (Wundt, 1904,
       The study of animal psychology may be approached from two different points of view. We may set out from the notion of a kind of comparative physiology of mind, a universal history of the development of mental life in the organic world. Or we may make human psychology the principal object of investigation. Then, the expressions of mental life in animals will be taken into account only so far as they throw light upon the evolution of consciousness in man.... Human psychology... may confine itself altogether to man, and generally has done so to far too great an extent. There are plenty of psychological text-books from which you would hardly gather that there was any other conscious life than the human. (Wundt, 1907, pp. 340-341)
       The Behaviorist began his own formulation of the problem of psychology by sweeping aside all medieval conceptions. He dropped from his scientific vocabulary all subjective terms such as sensation, perception, image, desire, purpose, and even thinking and emotion as they were subjectively defined. (Watson, 1930, pp. 5-6)
       According to the medieval classification of the sciences, psychology is merely a chapter of special physics, although the most important chapter; for man is a microcosm; he is the central figure of the universe. (deWulf, 1956, p. 125)
       At the beginning of this century the prevailing thesis in psychology was Associationism.... Behavior proceeded by the stream of associations: each association produced its successors, and acquired new attachments with the sensations arriving from the environment.
       In the first decade of the century a reaction developed to this doctrine through the work of the Wurzburg school. Rejecting the notion of a completely self-determining stream of associations, it introduced the task ( Aufgabe) as a necessary factor in describing the process of thinking. The task gave direction to thought. A noteworthy innovation of the Wurzburg school was the use of systematic introspection to shed light on the thinking process and the contents of consciousness. The result was a blend of mechanics and phenomenalism, which gave rise in turn to two divergent antitheses, Behaviorism and the Gestalt movement. The behavioristic reaction insisted that introspection was a highly unstable, subjective procedure.... Behaviorism reformulated the task of psychology as one of explaining the response of organisms as a function of the stimuli impinging upon them and measuring both objectively. However, Behaviorism accepted, and indeed reinforced, the mechanistic assumption that the connections between stimulus and response were formed and maintained as simple, determinate functions of the environment.
       The Gestalt reaction took an opposite turn. It rejected the mechanistic nature of the associationist doctrine but maintained the value of phenomenal observation. In many ways it continued the Wurzburg school's insistence that thinking was more than association-thinking has direction given to it by the task or by the set of the subject. Gestalt psychology elaborated this doctrine in genuinely new ways in terms of holistic principles of organization.
       Today psychology lives in a state of relatively stable tension between the poles of Behaviorism and Gestalt psychology.... (Newell & Simon, 1963, pp. 279-280)
       As I examine the fate of our oppositions, looking at those already in existence as guide to how they fare and shape the course of science, it seems to me that clarity is never achieved. Matters simply become muddier and muddier as we go down through time. Thus, far from providing the rungs of a ladder by which psychology gradually climbs to clarity, this form of conceptual structure leads rather to an ever increasing pile of issues, which we weary of or become diverted from, but never really settle. (Newell, 1973b, pp. 288-289)
       The subject matter of psychology is as old as reflection. Its broad practical aims are as dated as human societies. Human beings, in any period, have not been indifferent to the validity of their knowledge, unconcerned with the causes of their behavior or that of their prey and predators. Our distant ancestors, no less than we, wrestled with the problems of social organization, child rearing, competition, authority, individual differences, personal safety. Solving these problems required insights-no matter how untutored-into the psychological dimensions of life. Thus, if we are to follow the convention of treating psychology as a young discipline, we must have in mind something other than its subject matter. We must mean that it is young in the sense that physics was young at the time of Archimedes or in the sense that geometry was "founded" by Euclid and "fathered" by Thales. Sailing vessels were launched long before Archimedes discovered the laws of bouyancy [ sic], and pillars of identical circumference were constructed before anyone knew that C IID. We do not consider the ship builders and stone cutters of antiquity physicists and geometers. Nor were the ancient cave dwellers psychologists merely because they rewarded the good conduct of their children. The archives of folk wisdom contain a remarkable collection of achievements, but craft-no matter how perfected-is not science, nor is a litany of successful accidents a discipline. If psychology is young, it is young as a scientific discipline but it is far from clear that psychology has attained this status. (Robinson, 1986, p. 12)

    Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Psychology

  • 85 увольнение

    1. termination of employment

     

    увольнение

    [ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    EN

    termination of employment
    The act or instrument by which the binding force of a contract is terminated, irrespective of whether the contract is carried out to the full extent contemplated or is broken off before complete execution. (Source: WESTS)
    [http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    Тематики

    EN

    DE

    FR

    Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > увольнение

  • 86 סכם

    סָכַם(cmp. סָכָה) to look to, take in view. Macc.III, 10 (22a) (ref. to במספר Deut. 25:3, combined with ארבעים of next verse) מנין שהוא סוֹכֵם את הארבעים Ms. M. (ed. שהוא סמוך לארב׳) a number which faces (is matched in counting with) forty, (i. e. thirty nine); ib. 22b; Yalk. Deut. 937 סמוך אתוכ׳; Yalk. Zech. 581 סוכם; Sifré Deut. 286 סמוך לארב׳. Hif. הִסְכִּים 1) to contemplate, plan. Midr. Till. to Ps. 73:7 (ref. to משכיות, ib.) יש שהיה מַסְכִּיםוכ׳ (ed. Bub. מַשְׂכִּים) one planned to become a centurio, and thou madest him a general ; על כל מה שהיו מַסְכִּימִים העברתוכ׳ thou didst carry them beyond all they ever contemplated (to become). 2) (cmp. חָשַׁב, שָׁוָה) to harmonize; to agree. Sifra Vayikra, Ndab., ch. IV, Par. 4 ואתה דורש ומַסְכִּים לשמועה and thou interpretest the text and harmonizest it with the traditional law; Yalk. Lev. 440 ומסכים הלכה and harmonizest the tradition (with the text). Yeb.62a והִסְכִּימָה דעתו לדעתוכ׳ and his (Moses) opinion (the result of his deliberations) turned out to be in agreement with the Lords; Sabb.87a וה׳הקב״ה עמו the Lord agreed with him; ib. ה׳הקב״ה על ידו the Lord approved his doing; a. fr.

    Jewish literature > סכם

  • 87 סָכַם

    סָכַם(cmp. סָכָה) to look to, take in view. Macc.III, 10 (22a) (ref. to במספר Deut. 25:3, combined with ארבעים of next verse) מנין שהוא סוֹכֵם את הארבעים Ms. M. (ed. שהוא סמוך לארב׳) a number which faces (is matched in counting with) forty, (i. e. thirty nine); ib. 22b; Yalk. Deut. 937 סמוך אתוכ׳; Yalk. Zech. 581 סוכם; Sifré Deut. 286 סמוך לארב׳. Hif. הִסְכִּים 1) to contemplate, plan. Midr. Till. to Ps. 73:7 (ref. to משכיות, ib.) יש שהיה מַסְכִּיםוכ׳ (ed. Bub. מַשְׂכִּים) one planned to become a centurio, and thou madest him a general ; על כל מה שהיו מַסְכִּימִים העברתוכ׳ thou didst carry them beyond all they ever contemplated (to become). 2) (cmp. חָשַׁב, שָׁוָה) to harmonize; to agree. Sifra Vayikra, Ndab., ch. IV, Par. 4 ואתה דורש ומַסְכִּים לשמועה and thou interpretest the text and harmonizest it with the traditional law; Yalk. Lev. 440 ומסכים הלכה and harmonizest the tradition (with the text). Yeb.62a והִסְכִּימָה דעתו לדעתוכ׳ and his (Moses) opinion (the result of his deliberations) turned out to be in agreement with the Lords; Sabb.87a וה׳הקב״ה עמו the Lord agreed with him; ib. ה׳הקב״ה על ידו the Lord approved his doing; a. fr.

    Jewish literature > סָכַם

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  • contemplated — con·tem·plate || kÉ’ntempleɪt v. consider, think about; look at …   English contemporary dictionary

  • contemplated — In expectation …   Ballentine's law dictionary

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