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21 κάδος
κάδος, ου, ὁ (Semitic word, s. Masson 42–44; since Archilochus Lyr., Anacr., Hdt.; GDI 5220 [Sicily: 18 times]; pap; Is 40:15; 2 Ch 2:9 v.l., ἐλαίου κάδ.) jar, container Lk 16:6 v.l. (for βάτος II); s. κάβος.—DELG. -
22 σκεῦος
σκεῦος, ους, τό (Aristoph., Thu.+)① a material object used to meet some need in an occupation or other responsibility, gener. thing, object used for any purpose at all (e.g. a table: Diod S 17, 66, 5) Mk 11:16 (PCasey, CBQ 59, ’97, 306–32). σκεῦος ἐλεφάντινον or ἐκ ξύλου Rv 18:12ab. Pl. (Diod S 13, 12, 6) Dg 2:2–4. Of all one has (Jos., Vi. 68; 69) τὰ σκεύη αὐτοῦ his property Lk 17:31.—Mt 12:29; Mk 3:27 (both in allusion to Is 49:24f).—By an added statement or via the context σκ. can become an object of a certain specific kind: τὰ σκεύη τῆς λειτουργίας the equipment used in cultic service Hb 9:21 (ParJer 3:9; 11:18; cp. Jos., Bell. 6, 389 τὰ πρὸς τὰς ἱερουργίας σκεύη). Also τὰ ἅγια σκεύη Ox 840, 14; 21; 29f (Jos., Bell. 2, 321; cp. Plut., Mor. 812b σκεῦος ἱερόν; Philo, Mos. 2, 94; Just., D. 52, 3 σκεύη ἱερά). τὸ σκεῦος Ac 27:17 seems to be the kedge or driving-anchor (Breusing 17ff; Blass and Haenchen ad loc.; Voigt [s. σκευή]. Differently HBalmer, Die Romfahrt des Ap. Pls 1905, 355ff. See FBrannigan, TGl 25, ’33, 182–84; PEdg 6 [=Sb 6712], 10 [258 B.C.] ἄνευ τῶν ἀναγκαίων σκευῶν πλεῖν τὰ πλοῖα. Pl. also X., Oec. 8, 11f; ; TestJob 18:7 and elsewh. of ship’s gear; Arrian, Peripl. 5, 2 τὰ σκεύη τὰ ναυτικά. Eng. tr. have ‘gear’, ‘sails’). Ac 10:11, 16; 11:5 represent a transitional stage on the way to 2.② a container of any kind, vessel, jar, dish, etc. (Aristoph., Thesm. 402; X., Mem. 1, 7, 5; Aelian, VH 12, 8; Herodian 6, 7, 7; LXX; Jos., Bell. 7, 106; 8, 89; PsSol 17:38; TestNapth 2:2; JosAs; Just., A I, 9, 2 ἐξ ἀτίμων … σκευῶν) Lk 8:16; J 19:29; 2 Ti 2:20 (four kinds as Plut., Caes. 730 [48, 7]). τὸ κενὸν σκεῦος Hm 11:13. ποιεῖν σκ. make a vessel 2 Cl 8:2. τὰ σκεύη τὰ κεραμικά Rv 2:27 (s. κεραμικός). σκ. εἰς τιμήν or εἰς ἀτιμίαν (s. τιμή 2b) Ro 9:21; 2 Ti 2:21 (a fig. sense makes itself felt in the latter pass.).③ a human being exercising a function, instrument, vessel fig. ext. of 1 or 2 (Polyb. 13, 5, 7 Δαμοκλῆς ὑπηρετικὸν ἦν ς.) for Christ Paul is a σκεῦος ἐκλογῆς a chosen instrument Ac 9:15.—Of the body, in which the Spirit dwells (cp. TestNapht 8:6 ὁ διάβολος οἰκειοῦται αὐτὸν ὡς ἴδιον σκεῦος; ApcMos 16 γενοῦ μοι σκεῦος; and the magical prayer in FPradel, Griech. u. südital. Gebete1907, p. 9, 11f ἐξορκίζω σε ἐξελθεῖν ἀπὸ τοῦ σκεύους τούτου) Hm 5, 1, 2. Christ’s body as τὸ σκ. τοῦ πνεύματος the vessel of the Spirit B 7:3; 11:9; cp. τὸ καλὸν σκεῦος 21:8 (of the human body, as ApcSed 11:5 [p. 134, 17 Ja.] ὦ χεῖρες … διʼ ἃς τὸ σκεῦος τρέφεται; cp. 10 [ln. 25 Ja.]; 11 [ln. 27 Ja.]). On the human body as ὀστράκινα σκεύη 2 Cor 4:7, s. ὀστράκινος. Those who are lost are σκεύη ὁργῆς Ro 9:22 (cp. Jer 27:25.—CDodd, JTS 5, ’54, 247f: instruments of judgment; sim. AHanson, JTS 32, ’81, 433–43), those who are saved σκ. ἐλέους vs. 23.—1 Pt 3:7 woman is called ἀσθενέστερον σκεῦος (ἀσθενής 2a). τὸ ἑαυτοῦ σκεῦος 1 Th 4:4 from antiquity has been interpreted to mean one’s own body (Theodoret, Calvin, Milligan, Schlatter, MDibelius; RKnox, transl. ’44; CCD transl. ’41, mg.; NRSV) or one’s own wife (Theodore of Mopsuestia, Schmiedel, vDobschütz, Frame, Oepke; WVogel, ThBl 13, ’34, 83–85; RSV et al.). The former interpr. is supported by passages cited at the beg. of this section 3, and the latter is in accord w. rabb. usage (Billerb. III 632f. S. also κτάομαι 1). Also probable for 1 Th 4:4 is ‘penis’ (so Antistius [I A.D.] in Anthol. Plan. 4, 243; Aelian, NA 17, 11; cp. the euphemistic Lat. ‘vasa’ in this sense: Plautus, Poenulus. 863; s. MPoole, Synopsis Criticorum Ali. Sacrae Script., rev. ed.1694, V col. 908; on sim. usage at Qumran s. TElgvin, NTS 43, ’97, 604–19; NAB [1970] renders guarding his member [difft. rev. ed. of NAB, 1986]. Cp. KDonfried, NTS 31, ’85, 342). In such case κτᾶσθαι must mean someth. like ‘gain control of’, etc.—DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. -
23 χαλκίον
χαλκίον, ου, τό (χαλκός) a container or object made of copper, brass, or bronze, bronze vessel, kettle (Aristoph. in Pollux 10, 109; X., Oec. 8, 19; IG I2, 393; UPZ 120, 7 [II B.C.]; PFay 95, 11 [II A.D.]; PTebt 406, 21; 1 Km 2:14; 1 Esdr 1:13) Mk 7:4.—B. 342. DELG s.v. χαλκός. M-M. -
24 ἀγγεῖον
ἀγγεῖον, ου, τό (Hdt.+; ins, pap, LXX) vessel, flask, container e.g. for oil (PColZen 21, 2 [III B.C.]; BGU 248, 40 [I A.D.]; Num 4:9; Philo; Jos., Bell. 3, 272, Ant. 9, 48) Mt 25:4. Of containers for fish (cp. PSI 553, 11 [III B.C.] for edible snails) 13:48 v.l. for ἄγγη. Fig., of the body (Hippocr. et al.; Dio Chrys. 11 [12], 59; M. Ant. 3, 3, 6; Stob. I 414, 9; Philo, Post. Cain. 137, Migr. Abr. 193; 197) as the home of spirits (w. ἄγγος) Hm 5, 2, 5. S. ἄγγος.—DELG s.v. ἄγγος. M-M. -
25 ἀλάβαστρος
ἀλάβαστρος, ου, ὁ and ἡ, also ἀλάβαστρον, τό (s. Mk 14:3 w. its variants; cp. Theocr. 15, 114; Delian ins [III B.C.]: IG XI/2, 161b, 9; 4 Km 21:13 with v.l. and B-D-F §49, 1; Mlt-H. 122; fem. gender in Pollux 7, 177; 10, 121; the earlier Attic form ἀλάβαστος or-ον [SEG XIII, 12, 234] does not appear in the biblical lit.) a vase for holding perfume/ointment, often made of alabaster, hence alabaster vase, a vessel w. a rather long neck which was broken off when the contents were used; a container for spikenard ointment (so Hdt. et al.; also a loanword in Lat.: Pliny, NH 13, 3 unguenta optime servantur in alabastris) Mt 26:7; Lk 7:37; τὴν ἀ. Mk 14:3 (vv.ll. τὸ ἀ. and τὸν ἀ.; ἀλ. μύρου as Hdt. 3, 20; Lucian, Dial. Mer. 14, 2; Dionys. Hal. 7, 9; PSI 333, 6; 628, 8).—AvanVeldhuizen, De alabasten flesch: TSt 24, 1906, 170–72.—DELG s.v. ἀλάβαστος. M-M.
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