-
21 Konsumbewusstsein
Konsumbewusstsein
consumer orientation;
• Konsumdarlehn consumer credit;
• Konsumdrosselung curbs on consumption;
• externer Konsumeffekt bandwaggon (snob) effect;
• frei verfügbares Konsumeinkommen discretionary income;
• Konsumeinschränkung cut in consumption. -
22 gewerblich
gewerblich adj GEN commercial, trade, industrial* * ** * *gewerblich
industrial, commercial, business;
• nicht gewerblich non-commercial, non-business;
• gewerblich beschäftigt gainfully employed;
• gewerblich nutzen to make commercial use;
• gewerblich tätig sein to follow (carry on, ply) a trade, to carry on a trade or business;
• Erfindung gewerblich verwerten to put an invention to commercial use;
• nicht gewerblich genutzt werden to have non-industrial use;
• gewerblicher Abnehmer industrial customer;
• gewerbliche Abwässer trade effluent;
• gewerbliche Anwendung industrial application;
• gewerbliche Bauten commercial and industrial buildings;
• gewerbliche Betätigung commercial activities;
• gewerblicher Betrieb manufacturing (industrial, business) enterprise;
• gewerbliches Eigentum industrial property;
• gewerbliches Einkommen business (trading) income, operating (trading) profit, income from a business;
• gewerbliche Einnahmen trading receipts;
• gewerbliches Erzeugnis manufactured (industrial) product;
• gewerbliches Fahrzeug commercial vehicle;
• gewerbliche Genossenschaft industrial cooperative society (Br.);
• gewerblicher Güterverkehr goods (Br.) (freight, US) traffic;
• gewerblicher Kraftwagenverkehr road contractors (haulage);
• gewerbliche Kreditgenossenschaft industrial finance company, cooperative bank;
• gewerbliche Niederlassung commercial establishment;
• gewerbliche Nutzung commercial use;
• gewerbliche Produktion factory production;
• gewerbliche Räume business (trade) premises;
• gewerblicher Rechtsschutz protection of inventions (industrial property);
• gewerbliche Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit industrial (trade) arbitration;
• gewerbliche Schutzmarke industry (industrial) label;
• gewerbliche Schutzrechte industrial [property] rights;
• gewerbliche Tätigkeit industrial activity (employment, work), trade;
• gewerbliches Unternehmen commercial enterprise;
• gewerblicher Verbrauch industrial consumption;
• gewerblicher Verbraucher industrial user, manufacturing consumer;
• gewerbliches Vermögen industrial property;
• gewerbliche Verwertbarkeit (Patent) industrial application;
• gewerbliche Verwertung industrial use;
• gewerbliche Wirtschaft manufacturing trade, trade and industry;
• gewerblicher Zweck business purpose, industrial use;
• zu gewerblichen Zwecken for commercial purposes.
genutzt, gewerblich
used for business purposes;
• rein industriell genutzt (Bezirk) devoted to industry. -
23 Nebenstelle
Nebenstelle f 1. GEN suboffice; 2. KOMM telephone extension, telephone X, extension (telephone)* * ** * *Nebenstelle
(Bank) branch, suboffice, (Filiale) branch office, (Post) substation, (telecom.) [telephone] extension, (Vertretung) agency;
• Nebenstellennummer extension number;
• Nebenstraße bypass, by-lane, byroad, bystreet, secondary (ancillary) road, sideline, crossroad, branch road (US), sideline;
• Nebenstrecke byroute, (Bahn) loop [line], branch line, branch railroad (US);
• Nebentätigkeit subsidiary activity, sideline;
• Nebenurkunden supporting documents;
• Nebenverbraucher secondary consumer;
• Nebenverdienst incidental (subsidiary) source of income, incidental (subsidiary) earnings, additional income, perquisites (Br.), perks (Br. sl.), extra profit;
• Nebenvereinbarung subagreement, [collateral] covenant;
• Nebenverfahren ancillary (collateral) proceedings;
• Nebenvergünstigungen fringe (ancillary) benefits, perquisites (Br.);
• Nebenverpflichtung deed of covenant;
• schuldrechtliche Nebenverpflichtung covenant in gross;
• Nebenversicherung collateral insurance;
• Nebenvertrag collateral (accessory, subsidiary) contract;
• vom Hauptvertrag unabhängiger Nebenvertrag separable contract;
• Nebenvormund joint guardian, coguardian;
• Nebenwerte (Kurszettel) sundry securities;
• Nebenwerte kaufen (Kapitalanleger) to move to the sidelines;
• Nebenwohnsitz additional dwelling;
• Nebenzweck by-end, secondary (ancillary) object. -
24 Durchschnittsalter
Durchschnittsalter
average age;
• steigendes Durchschnittsalter der Bevölkerung increasing average age of the population;
• Durchschnittsarbeiter average workman, normal operator (US);
• jährliche Durchschnittsarbeitszeit average annual working;
• Durchschnittsauflage average sold circulation;
• Durchschnittsaufwand average cost;
• Durchschnittsbaumwollqualität cotton standard;
• Durchschnittsbestand eines Warenlagers average holding of the goods in store;
• Durchschnittsbetrag average amount;
• jährlicher Durchschnittsbruttoumsatz average annual gross sales;
• Durchschnittsbürger commonplace kind of man;
• Durchschnittsdauer eines eingeräumten Kredits average collection period;
• Durchschnittseinkommen average income (earnings), (dreijährig) statutory income;
• Durchschnittseinkünfte pro Beförderungsziffer average revenue per passenger mile;
• Durchschnittseinnahme average revenue;
• Durchschnittsertrag average return (yield);
• geschätzter Durchschnittsertrag estimated running yield;
• Durchschnittserzeugnis average production;
• einfaches Durchschnittserzeugnis run of the mill, run-of-the-mill line;
• Durchschnittsfachmann (Patentrecht) average mechanic skilled in the art;
• Durchschnittsfamilie standard family;
• Durchschnittsfirma representative firm;
• Durchschnittsgeldbeutel average pocket [battleship];
• Durchschnittsgemeinkostensatz average burden rate;
• Durchschnittsgestehungspreis average cost price;
• Durchschnittsgewinn average profit;
• Durchschnittsguthaben average balance;
• Durchschnittshaushalt average household;
• Durchschnittskapazität average (mean) capacity;
• Durchschnittskonsument ordinary consumer. -
25 Kundschaft
Kundschaft
custom, patronage (coll.), clientele, business, buyers, connection, connexion (Br.), (Einzelkunden) customers, (Firmenwert) goodwill;
• auf die Wünsche der Kundschaft eingestellt customer-directed;
• mit geringer Kundschaft ill-customized;
• mit guter Kundschaft with a good clientele;
• ohne Kundschaft uncustomed;
• zur Unterrichtung der Kundschaft for customer orientation;
• anspruchsvolle Kundschaft demanding customers;
• ausgedehnte Kundschaft wide connection;
• feste Kundschaft steady customers;
• meine Kundschaft my class of business;
• unzufriedene Kundschaft consumer dissatisfaction;
• gut verdienende Kundschaft upper-income customers;
• Kundschaft mit niedrigerem Einkommen lower-income customers;
• jem. die Kundschaft abjagen to alienate s. one’s clients from s. o.;
• Kundschaft anlocken to draw customers into the store;
• Kundschaft anziehen (Anzeige) to pull custom (US);
• seine Kundschaft wegen schlechter Bedienung aufgeben to take away one’s patronage because of poor service;
• Kundschaft bedienen to serve customers;
• neue Kundschaft bekommen to get new customers;
• Kundschaft besuchen to canvass customers;
• Kundschaft erhalten to retain customers;
• sich Kundschaft erwerben to build up custom, to get business, to work up a connection;
• neue Kundschaft gewinnen to acquire customers;
• vornehme Kundschaft haben to have a select patronage;
• wenig Kundschaft haben to have little custom;
• über mangelnde Kundschaft nicht zu klagen haben to lack no clients;
• sich die Aufmerksamkeit seiner Kundschaft sichern to key one’s publicity;
• Kundschaft übernehmen to acquire the goodwill;
• seine Kundschaft verlieren to lose business (one’s customers);
• mit Kundschaft versorgen to custom;
• auf Kundschaft warten (Taxifahrer) to ply for hire (Br.), to cruise;
• jem. die Kundschaft wegnehmen to entice away the custom of s. o.;
• Kundschaft werben to solicit customers. -
26 ограничение на (по)
Это ограничение часто описывают в литературе как требование, чтобы расходы на плановые покупки не превышали дохода потребителя. — Often, this constraint is described in the literature as requiring that the cost of planned purchases not exceed the consumer's income.
Из этого ограничения по экономической возможности в сочетании с требованием, чтобы x лежал в пределах множества возможностей потребления RL+, следует, что множество допустимых потребительских наборов состоит из элементов этого множества. — This economic-affordability constraint, when combined with the requirement that x lie in the consumption set RL+, implies that the set of feasible consumption bundles consists of the elements of the set.
Но слабая аксиома не устанавливает ограничений на место размещения нового потребительского набора, так как спрос на первый товар падает. — But the weak axiom imposes no restriction on where we place the new consumption bundle as the demand for good 1 falls.
Ограничение на количество ресурсов является ограничением по доходу на протяжении всей жизни (т.е. по богатству). — The resource constraint is one of lifetime income (i.e., wealth).
Russian-English Dictionary "Microeconomics" > ограничение на (по)
-
27 ограничение на (по)
Это ограничение часто описывают в литературе как требование, чтобы расходы на плановые покупки не превышали дохода потребителя. — Often, this constraint is described in the literature as requiring that the cost of planned purchases not exceed the consumer's income.
Из этого ограничения по экономической возможности в сочетании с требованием, чтобы x лежал в пределах множества возможностей потребления RL+, следует, что множество допустимых потребительских наборов состоит из элементов этого множества. — This economic-affordability constraint, when combined with the requirement that x lie in the consumption set RL+, implies that the set of feasible consumption bundles consists of the elements of the set.
Но слабая аксиома не устанавливает ограничений на место размещения нового потребительского набора, так как спрос на первый товар падает. — But the weak axiom imposes no restriction on where we place the new consumption bundle as the demand for good 1 falls.
Ограничение на количество ресурсов является ограничением по доходу на протяжении всей жизни (т.е. по богатству). — The resource constraint is one of lifetime income (i.e., wealth).
Russian-English Dictionary "Microeconomics" > ограничение на (по)
-
28 трудовой доход
Потребитель также сталкивается со ставкой налога t с каждого доллара трудового дохода, полученного сверх суммы M. — The consumer also faces a tax rate t per dollar on labor income earned above amount M.
Russian-English Dictionary "Microeconomics" > трудовой доход
-
29 потребитель с высоким уровнем доходов
Advertising: upper-income consumerУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > потребитель с высоким уровнем доходов
-
30 потребитель со средним уровнем доходов
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > потребитель со средним уровнем доходов
-
31 darstellen
darstellen v 1. GEN represent; describe (beschreiben); portray (ein Bild entwerfen); 2. PAT constitute (Beeinträchtigung)* * *v 1. < Geschäft> represent, beschreiben describe, ein Bild entwerfen portray; 2. < Patent> Beeinträchtigung constitute* * *darstellen
(beschreiben) to describe, (darlegen) to represent, (personifizieren) to embody;
• Anreiz für konsumptive Ausgaben darstellen to spur consumer spending;
• ausführlich darstellen to write up;
• wichtige Einnahmequelle darstellen to constitute an important source of income (Br.);
• im Einzelnen darstellen to particularize;
• erschöpfend darstellen to give an exhaustive description;
• falsch darstellen to misrepresent;
• genau darstellen to describe in detail;
• grafisch darstellen to diagram, to plot, to chart;
• Kurve grafisch darstellen to plot a curve;
• Lage äußerst rosig darstellen to present a very rosy picture;
• repräsentativen Querschnitt der gesamten Wirtschaft darstellen to represent every fact of business;
• schematisch darstellen to skeletonize;
• in großen Zügen darstellen to outline. -
32 Wirtschaftsgut
-
33 Großtransportunternehmen
Großtransportunternehmen
major carrier;
• Großunternehmen large-scale (big) enterprise, big business (coll.);
• städtische Großunternehmen zugunsten von Kleinbetrieben und ländlichen Fertigungseinheiten aufgeben to diversify out of large-scale urban industries into small-scale units and village industries;
• Großunternehmen haben to buy and sell on a large scale;
• Großunternehmer large-scale (big) enterprise, big business;
• Großverbraucher bulk (heavy, large-scale) consumer, large (heavy) user;
• Großverdiener big-income earner, big timer (US coll.);
• Großverdiener sein to make a lot of money;
• Großverkauf wholesale [selling];
• Großverkäufer wholesale dealer;
• Großversandgeschäft mail-order house (US);
• Großversuch large-scale test;
• Großverteiler distributor, wholesaler;
• Großvertrieb large-scale distribution;
• Großvieh great cattle;
• Großvorhaben major project.Business german-english dictionary > Großtransportunternehmen
-
34 Haupttelegrafenlinie
Haupttelegrafenlinie
main (trunk, US) line;
• Haupttendenz mainstream;
• Haupttitel full title;
• Hauptträger der städtischen Finanzen mainstay of the city's finances;
• Haupttriebfeder eines Unternehmens sein to be the prime mover of an enterprise;
• Hauptumsatzzeiten peak period;
• Hauptumschlagplatz staple place, (landwirtschaftliche Erzeugnisse) primary point (US);
• Hauptveranlagung (Einkommensteuer) basic assessment;
• Hauptveranlagungszeitraum main assessment period;
• Hauptverantwortung (Kartellrecht) primary responsibility (US);
• Hauptverbindlichkeit principal (primary, US) obligation;
• Hauptverbindung key link;
• Hauptverbindungsstraße main communication road;
• Hauptverbraucher principal consumer;
• Hauptverbrauchsgebiet principal area of consumption;
• Hauptverdienst principal income;
• Hauptverhandlung trial on indictment, hearing;
• Hauptverhandlungsgegenstand principal subject matter;
• Hauptverhandlungspunkte heads of negotiations;
• Hauptverkaufsraum main floor;
• Hauptverkaufstag major selling day;
• Hauptverkaufszeit peak season, rush (peak) hours;
• Hauptverkehr arterial traffic, rush hours, peak of traffic. -
35 potenter Verbraucher
potenter Verbraucher
high-income consumer -
36 pensión
f.1 pension, boarding-house, boardinghouse, inn.2 retirement pay, retirement annuity, pension benefits.3 alimony.4 pension, retirement.5 boarding school.* * *1 (para jubilados) pension; (para ex cónjuge) maintenance2 (casa de huéspedes) hostel, boarding house, guesthouse, lodgings plural3 (cantidad que se paga) board and lodging, bed and board\pensión completa full boardpensión vitalicia life annuity* * *noun f.1) pension* * *SF1) [por vejez] pension; [por invalidez, de divorciada] allowancepensión alimenticia — alimony, maintenance
pensión de invalidez, pensión de inválidos — disability allowance
pensión de jubilación, pensión de retiro — retirement pension
pensión de viudedad — widow's/widower's pension
3) (=precio) board and lodging4) (Univ) scholarship; [de viaje] travel grant6) † (=molestia) drawback, snag* * *1) (Servs Socs) ( por haber trabajado) retirement pension; ( por contribuciones de familiar) widow's/orphan's pension2)a) ( casa - de huéspedes) guesthouse, rooming house (AmE), boarding house (BrE); (- para estudiantes) student hostelb) ( alojamiento) accommodations (pl) (AmE), lodging, accommodation (BrE); medio I3) (Col) ( mensualidad) tuition (AmE), school fees (pl) (BrE)* * *1) (Servs Socs) ( por haber trabajado) retirement pension; ( por contribuciones de familiar) widow's/orphan's pension2)a) ( casa - de huéspedes) guesthouse, rooming house (AmE), boarding house (BrE); (- para estudiantes) student hostelb) ( alojamiento) accommodations (pl) (AmE), lodging, accommodation (BrE); medio I3) (Col) ( mensualidad) tuition (AmE), school fees (pl) (BrE)* * *pensión11 = pension, alimony, old-age pension.Ex: Such libraries now offer advice on benefits, employment, careers, housing, pensions, consumer affairs and other similar matters, or put people in touch with other sources.
Ex: Alimony payments are taxable to the wife & deductible by the husband.Ex: Although the age for receiving old-age pension is 65 years, an individual can decide to bring it forward to a maximum of 5 years.* cobrar una pensión = draw + a pension.* pensión alimenticia = alimony.* pensión de menores = child support.* pensión de viuda = widow's pension.* pensión de viudedad = widow's pension, widower's pension.* pensión de viudo = widower's pension.* pensión por incapacidad = disability pension.* pensión por invalidez = disability pension.* pensión por vejez = old-age pension.* pensión por viudez = widower's pension, widow's pension.* plan de pensiones = pension plan, retirement plan.* recibir una pensión = draw + a pension.pensión22 = guesthouse [guest house], boarding house, bed and breakfast (B&B).Ex: The aim is to establish a central library with a network of branches in guest houses and other places of accommodation.
Ex: A wide range of accommodation is available including low cost hotels, boarding houses and youth hostels for people attending the conference.Ex: Comparing this car to other people carriers is like comparing the Ritz Hotel to a bed and breakfast.* alojamiento en régimen de pensión completa = full-board accommodation.* media pensión = half board.* pensión completa = food and board, bed and board, full board, full-board accommodation.* pensión para vagabundos = flophouse.* * *A ( Servs Socs) (por haber trabajado) retirement pension; (por contribuciones de un familiar) widow's/orphan's pensioncobrar la pensión to draw one's pensionCompuestos:maintenanceretirement pensionwar pension● pensión de viudedad or viudezwidow's pensionannuityB1 (casa — de huéspedes) guesthouse, rooming house ( AmE), boarding house ( BrE); (— para estudiantes) student hosteldecidió dar pensión she decided to take in lodgersCompuesto:full boardDdicen que murió de pensión they say he died of sorrow/of a broken heart* * *
pensión sustantivo femenino
1 (Servs Socs) pension;
pensión alimenticia maintenance;
pensión de invalidez disability (allowance) (AmE), invalidity benefit (BrE)
2
(— para estudiantes) student hostel;
See Also→ medio 1
3 (Col) ( mensualidad) tuition (AmE), school fees (pl) (BrE)
pensión sustantivo femenino
1 (establecimiento) boarding house, guesthouse
2 (modo de alojamiento) board: fuimos de vacaciones con pensión completa, we had full board on our holiday
3 (cantidad de dinero, renta) pension, allowance, maintenance
pensión de invalidez, invalidity benefit
' pensión' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
caer
- exigua
- exiguo
- huésped
- huéspeda
- jubilar
- jubilación
- patrón
- patrona
- pensionista
- plan
- retiro
- viudedad
- cobrar
- cobro
- dueño
- fonda
- medio
- pensionado
- revalorización
English:
alimony
- allowance
- bed
- board
- boarder
- boarding
- boarding house
- cash in
- disability allowance
- disability pension
- half-board
- landlady
- landlord
- maintenance
- palimony
- pay
- pension
- pension off
- pension plan
- retirement benefits
- room
- rooming-house
- scheme
- vacancy
- check
- disability
- draw
- grant
- guest
- lodging
* * *pensión nf1. [dinero] pension;cobra la pensión una vez al mes he receives his pension once a month;no ha empezado a cobrar la pensión todavía she isn't on a pension yetpensión alimentaria o alimenticia maintenance (allowance);pensión asistencial = benefit paid to people with low incomes, Br ≈ income support;pensión contributiva earnings-related pension;pensión no contributiva non-contributory pension;pensión del Estado state pension;pensión de invalidez disability pension o allowance;pensión de jubilación retirement pension;pensión retributiva earnings-related pension;pensión vitalicia life pension;pensión de viudedad widow's pension2. [de huéspedes] guest house;media pensión [en hotel] half board, = breakfast and one other meal included;estar a media pensión [en colegio] to have school dinnerspensión completa [en hotel] full board, = all meals included* * *f1 hotel rooming house, Brguesthouse;media pensión bed and breakfast and one main meal, Br half board2 dinero pension* * *1) jubilación: pension2) : boarding house3)pensión alimenticia : alimony* * *pensión n1. (dinero) pension2. (hostal) boarding house / guesthouse -
37 потребление потреблени·е
внутреннее потребление, потребление на внутреннем рынке — domestic / home consumption
годовое потребление — annual / yearly consumption
производительное / производственное потребление — productive consumption
потребление, связанное с удовлетворением коллективных потребностей населения (в образовании, здравоохранении) — public consumption
предметы потребления — articles / means of consumption
Russian-english dctionary of diplomacy > потребление потреблени·е
-
38 прирост
эк.increase, increment, growth, gainгодовой прирост — annual increment / increase / growth
прирост средней заработной платы — increase in average salary / wages
-
39 литература
лат. litteratura(Сочинения по данному предмету или вопросу.)Это ограничение часто описывают в литературе как требование, чтобы затраты на плановые покупки не превышали дохода потребителя. — Often, this constraint is described in the literature as requiring that the cost of planned purchases not exceed the consumer's income.
При использовании в экономической литературе этого альтернативного понятия всегда предъявляется настойчивое требование, чтобы рационализирующее отношение предпочтения удовлетворяло некоторым дополнительным свойствам, естественным для изучаемого конкретного экономического контекста. — When this alternative notion is used in the economics literature, there is always an insistence that the rationalizing preference relation should satisfy some additional properties that are natural for the specific economic context being studied.
-
40 описывать что-л. как
Это ограничение нередко описывают в литературе как требование, чтобы затраты на плановые покупки не превышали дохода потребителя. — Often, this constraint is described in the literature as requiring that the cost of planned purchases not exceed the consumer's income.
Russian-English Dictionary "Microeconomics" > описывать что-л. как
См. также в других словарях:
Consumer theory — is a theory of microeconomics that relates preferences to consumer demand curves. The link between personal preferences, consumption, and the demand curve is one of the most complex relations in economics. Implicitly, economists assume that… … Wikipedia
Consumer spending — or consumer demand or consumption is also known as personal consumption expenditure. It is the largest part of aggregate demand or effective demand at the macroeconomic level. There are two variants of consumption in the aggregate demand model,… … Wikipedia
Consumer leverage ratio — is a term popularized by William Jarvis and Dr. Ian C MacMillan in a series of articles in the Harvard Business Review and refers to the ratio of total household debt, as reported by the Federal Reserve System to disposable personal income, as… … Wikipedia
Consumer confidence — is an economic indicator which measures the degree of optimism that consumers feel about the overall state of the economy and their personal financial situation. How confident people feel about stability of their incomes determines their spending … Wikipedia
Consumer ethnocentrism — is derived from the more general psychological concept of ethnocentrism. Basically, ethnocentric individuals tend to view their group as superior to others. As such, they view other groups from the perspective of their own, and reject those that… … Wikipedia
consumer — con‧sum‧er [kənˈsjuːmə ǁ ˈsuːmər] noun [countable] 1. MARKETING a person who buys goods, products, and services for their own use, not for business use or to resell: • Demand for autos is increasing as consumers feel more confident about the… … Financial and business terms
Consumer economics — is a branch of economics. It is a broad field, principally concerned with microeconomic analysis behavior in units of consumers, families, or individuals (in contrast to traditional economics, which primarily government or business units). It… … Wikipedia
Consumer Reports Best Buy Drugs — is a public, grant funded project of Consumer Reports Health that provides unbiased information about prescription medicines to help consumers make smart drug choices. The project’s mission is to educate consumers on safe, effective and lower… … Wikipedia
Consumer Price Index — consumer price in·dex n: an index measuring the change in the cost of typical wage earner purchases of goods and services in some base period – called also cost of living index; Merriam Webster’s Dictionary of Law. Merriam Webster. 1996. Consumer … Law dictionary
Consumer sovereignty — is a term used in economics. It refers to consumers determining the production of goods[1]. The term can prescribe what consumers should be permitted, or describe what consumers are permitted. The term was coined by William Hutt in his 1936 book… … Wikipedia
Consumer Prices Index — (CPI) United Kingdom One of two consumer price indices used as the domestic measure of inflation in the UK (see also Retail Prices Index (RPI)). The CPI is published by the Office for National Statistics. It measures the average change from month … Law dictionary