constancy

* * *

constantĭa, ae, f. [1. constans].

A firm standing, steadiness, firmness, immutability, unchangeableness, constancy, perseverance (in good prose;

esp. freq. in Cic.): (stellarum) perennes cursus atque perpetui cum admirabili incredibilique constantiā,

Cic. N. D. 2, 21, 55; cf. id. ib. §

56, and 3, 9, 23: dictorum conventorumque,

id. Off. 1, 7, 23; cf.

promissi,

id. Att. 4, 19 (17), 1:

tantā constantiā vocis atque voltūs,

Nep. Att. 22, 1: perseverantia constantiaque oppugnandi, Auct. B. Alex. 26.—

Trop., agreement, harmony, symmetry, consistency:

testimoniorum,

Auct. Her. 2, 6, 9:

ordo et constantia et moderatio dictorum omnium atque factorum,

Cic. Off. 1, 28, 98:

non ex singulis vocibus philosophi spectandi sunt, sed ex perpetuitate atque constantiā,

id. Tusc. 5, 10, 31:

in quibus (orationibus) forsitan magis requiratur constantia,

id. Clu. 51, 141; cf.:

constantiae causā,

for consistency's sake, id. ib. 2, 2, 5:

quae autem est inter augures conveniens et conjuncta constantia?

id. Div. 2, 39, 82:

officii,

id. Sull. 1, 2. —

Firmness of character, steadfastness, immovability, constancy, self - possession:

is, qui moderatione et constantiā quietus animo est sibi ipse placatus, ut nec tabescat molestiis, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 17, 37; cf. id. ib. 4, 17, 38:

Catoni cum incredibilem tribuisset natura gravitatem, eamque ipse perpetuā constantiā roborasset semperque in proposito susceptoque consilio permansisset, etc.,

id. Off. 1, 31, 112:

si soceri Scauri constantiam (ceperis),

id. Verr. 1, 17, 52:

benevolentiam, non... ardore quodam amoris, sed stabilitate potius et constantiā judicemus,

id. Off. 1, 15, 47:

firmamentum constantiae est fides,

id. Lael. 18, 65:

hinc constantia, illinc furor,

id. Cat. 2, 11, 25; id. Sest. 41, 88; id. Phil. 7, 4, 14; id. Off. 1, 28, 98; Nep. Thras. 1, 1; Hor. Epod. 15, 15; Liv. 42, 62, 11:

de eorum fide constantiāque dubitatis?

Caes. B. G. 7, 77; Brut. ap. Cic. Ep. ad Brut. 1, 16, 10:

animi,

Ov. M. 11, 293:

morum,

Tac. H. 3, 86; id. A. 13, 30 fin.; Sen. Const. Sap. 1, 1 sqq.: sunt et alia ingenita quaedam adjumenta vox, latus, patiens laboris valetudo, constantia, decor, i. e. natural firmness, intrepidity, Quint. prooem. § 27 Meyer.; cf. id. 6, prooem. § 11; 12, 5, 2.— Acc. to the notions of the Stoics, = eupatheia; in plur.: sic quattuor perturbationes sunt, tres constantiae ( = eupatheias treis, Diog. L. 7, 115), Cic. Tusc. 4, 6, 14; cf. Aug. Civ. Dei, 14, 8.

Constantia, ae, f., a Roman proper name, Lact. Mort. Pers. 15, 1, 6; Amm. 21, 15, 6.

constantĭa, ae, f. [1. constans].

A firm standing, steadiness, firmness, immutability, unchangeableness, constancy, perseverance (in good prose;

esp. freq. in Cic.): (stellarum) perennes cursus atque perpetui cum admirabili incredibilique constantiā,

Cic. N. D. 2, 21, 55; cf. id. ib. §

56, and 3, 9, 23: dictorum conventorumque,

id. Off. 1, 7, 23; cf.

promissi,

id. Att. 4, 19 (17), 1:

tantā constantiā vocis atque voltūs,

Nep. Att. 22, 1: perseverantia constantiaque oppugnandi, Auct. B. Alex. 26.—

Trop., agreement, harmony, symmetry, consistency:

testimoniorum,

Auct. Her. 2, 6, 9:

ordo et constantia et moderatio dictorum omnium atque factorum,

Cic. Off. 1, 28, 98:

non ex singulis vocibus philosophi spectandi sunt, sed ex perpetuitate atque constantiā,

id. Tusc. 5, 10, 31:

in quibus (orationibus) forsitan magis requiratur constantia,

id. Clu. 51, 141; cf.:

constantiae causā,

for consistency's sake, id. ib. 2, 2, 5:

quae autem est inter augures conveniens et conjuncta constantia?

id. Div. 2, 39, 82:

officii,

id. Sull. 1, 2. —

Firmness of character, steadfastness, immovability, constancy, self - possession:

is, qui moderatione et constantiā quietus animo est sibi ipse placatus, ut nec tabescat molestiis, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 17, 37; cf. id. ib. 4, 17, 38:

Catoni cum incredibilem tribuisset natura gravitatem, eamque ipse perpetuā constantiā roborasset semperque in proposito susceptoque consilio permansisset, etc.,

id. Off. 1, 31, 112:

si soceri Scauri constantiam (ceperis),

id. Verr. 1, 17, 52:

benevolentiam, non... ardore quodam amoris, sed stabilitate potius et constantiā judicemus,

id. Off. 1, 15, 47:

firmamentum constantiae est fides,

id. Lael. 18, 65:

hinc constantia, illinc furor,

id. Cat. 2, 11, 25; id. Sest. 41, 88; id. Phil. 7, 4, 14; id. Off. 1, 28, 98; Nep. Thras. 1, 1; Hor. Epod. 15, 15; Liv. 42, 62, 11:

de eorum fide constantiāque dubitatis?

Caes. B. G. 7, 77; Brut. ap. Cic. Ep. ad Brut. 1, 16, 10:

animi,

Ov. M. 11, 293:

morum,

Tac. H. 3, 86; id. A. 13, 30 fin.; Sen. Const. Sap. 1, 1 sqq.: sunt et alia ingenita quaedam adjumenta vox, latus, patiens laboris valetudo, constantia, decor, i. e. natural firmness, intrepidity, Quint. prooem. § 27 Meyer.; cf. id. 6, prooem. § 11; 12, 5, 2.— Acc. to the notions of the Stoics, = eupatheia; in plur.: sic quattuor perturbationes sunt, tres constantiae ( = eupatheias treis, Diog. L. 7, 115), Cic. Tusc. 4, 6, 14; cf. Aug. Civ. Dei, 14, 8.

Constantia, ae, f., a Roman proper name, Lact. Mort. Pers. 15, 1, 6; Amm. 21, 15, 6.

* * *

* * *

* * *

assĭdŭĭtas ( ads-), ātis, f. [2. assiduus], a constant presence with any one ( in order to serve, aid, etc.; cf. assideo, I. B. 1.; most freq. in Cic.).

In gen.:

medici adsiduitas,

constant attendance, Cic. Att. 12, 33:

cotidiana amicorum adsiduitas et frequentia,

Q. Cic. Petit. Cons. 1, 3:

eorum, qui abs te defensi sunt,

id. ib. 1, 13:

eandemque adsiduitatem tibi se praebuisse postridie,

the same unceasing attendance, Cic. Deiot. 15, 42:

summā adsiduitate cotidianā aliquem tractare,

id. ad Q. Fr. 1, 3, 8.—So of the constant attendance, in the assemblies, of candidates for office (cf.:

habitare in oculis,

Cic. Planc. 27, 66):

altera pars petitionis, quae in populari ratione versatur, desiderat nomenclationem, blanditiam, adsiduitatem, etc.,

Q. Cic. Petit. Cons. 11, § 43:

adsiduitatis et operarum harum cotidianarum putat esse consulatum,

Cic. Mur. 9, 21:

valuit adsiduitate, valuit observandis amicis, valuit liberalitate,

id. Planc. 27 fin.:

homo aut frugalitatis existimatione praeclara aut, id quod levissimum est, adsiduitate,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 39. —First in Suet., without access. idea, for constant presence, Suet. Tib. 10.—

Esp., with gen. of thing, with the idea of continuance in time, the continuance, duration, constancy of any thing; sometimes a frequent occurrence or repetition of it:

adsiduitate molestiarum sensum omnem humanitatis ex animis amittimus,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 53 fin.:

adsiduitate cotidianā et consuetudine oculorum adsuescunt animi,

id. N. D. 2, 38, 96:

bellorum,

id. Off. 2, 21, 74:

epistularum,

unbroken correspondence, id. Fam. 16, 25:

orationis,

id. Att. 16, 5, 2:

dicendi adsiduitas aluit audaciam,

id. Inv. 1, 3, 4:

contubernii,

Tac. Or. 5:

spectaculorum,

Suet. Aug. 43:

concubitus,

id. Dom. 22:

opprobrii,

Vulg. Eccli. 41, 9: ejusdem litterae, Auct. ad Her. 4, 12, 18.—Without gen. of thing:

talis in rem publicam nostram labor, adsiduitas, dimicatio,

assiduity, unremitting application, Cic. Balb. 2, 6:

adsiduitas illius non est,

Vulg. Eccli. 7, 14:

viri mendacis,

ib. ib. 20, 27; 38, 28.

assĭdŭĭtas ( ads-), ātis, f. [2. assiduus], a constant presence with any one ( in order to serve, aid, etc.; cf. assideo, I. B. 1.; most freq. in Cic.).

In gen.:

medici adsiduitas,

constant attendance, Cic. Att. 12, 33:

cotidiana amicorum adsiduitas et frequentia,

Q. Cic. Petit. Cons. 1, 3:

eorum, qui abs te defensi sunt,

id. ib. 1, 13:

eandemque adsiduitatem tibi se praebuisse postridie,

the same unceasing attendance, Cic. Deiot. 15, 42:

summā adsiduitate cotidianā aliquem tractare,

id. ad Q. Fr. 1, 3, 8.—So of the constant attendance, in the assemblies, of candidates for office (cf.:

habitare in oculis,

Cic. Planc. 27, 66):

altera pars petitionis, quae in populari ratione versatur, desiderat nomenclationem, blanditiam, adsiduitatem, etc.,

Q. Cic. Petit. Cons. 11, § 43:

adsiduitatis et operarum harum cotidianarum putat esse consulatum,

Cic. Mur. 9, 21:

valuit adsiduitate, valuit observandis amicis, valuit liberalitate,

id. Planc. 27 fin.:

homo aut frugalitatis existimatione praeclara aut, id quod levissimum est, adsiduitate,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 39. —First in Suet., without access. idea, for constant presence, Suet. Tib. 10.—

Esp., with gen. of thing, with the idea of continuance in time, the continuance, duration, constancy of any thing; sometimes a frequent occurrence or repetition of it:

adsiduitate molestiarum sensum omnem humanitatis ex animis amittimus,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 53 fin.:

adsiduitate cotidianā et consuetudine oculorum adsuescunt animi,

id. N. D. 2, 38, 96:

bellorum,

id. Off. 2, 21, 74:

epistularum,

unbroken correspondence, id. Fam. 16, 25:

orationis,

id. Att. 16, 5, 2:

dicendi adsiduitas aluit audaciam,

id. Inv. 1, 3, 4:

contubernii,

Tac. Or. 5:

spectaculorum,

Suet. Aug. 43:

concubitus,

id. Dom. 22:

opprobrii,

Vulg. Eccli. 41, 9: ejusdem litterae, Auct. ad Her. 4, 12, 18.—Without gen. of thing:

talis in rem publicam nostram labor, adsiduitas, dimicatio,

assiduity, unremitting application, Cic. Balb. 2, 6:

adsiduitas illius non est,

Vulg. Eccli. 7, 14:

viri mendacis,

ib. ib. 20, 27; 38, 28.

contŭmācĭa, ae, f. [contumax], perseverance in one's purpose or opinion, generally in a bad sense, arrogance, inflexibility, contumacy, obstinacy, stubbornness.

Prop.

In gen. (in good prose, and very freq.):

illa tua singularis insolentia, superbia, contumacia,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 41, § 89; so,

contumacia et adrogantia,

id. Rosc. Com. 15, 44:

contumacia et ferocitas,

Suet. Vit. 2 al.:

inter abruptam contumaciam et deforme obsequium pergere iter,

Tac. A. 4, 20 fin.:

oris oculorumque illa contumacia ac superbia,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 2, § 5:

adversus principem,

Tac. H. 4, 3:

parendi,

Plin. Pan. 18:

eadem in vultu,

Liv. 2, 61, 6; cf. Tac. A. 1, 24 fin.:

responsi tui,

Cic. Pis. 31, 78.— Sometimes in a good sense, firmness, constancy, self-confidence (cf. contumax):

Socrates adhibuit liberam contumaciam,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 29, 71; so,

maxima innocentiae,

Quint. Decl. 2, 5.—

Esp., jurid. t. t., an obstinate disobedience to a judicial order, an obstinate refusal to appear in court, contumacy, Traj. ap. Plin. Ep. 10, 57 (65), 2:

contumacia eorum, qui jus dicenti non temperant, litis damno coërcetur,

Dig. 42, 1, 53 pr.; cf. contumax, I. B.—

Transf., of animals:

contumacia pervicax boum,

Col. 6, 2, 11.—Of inanim. things:

arborum (with fastidium),

obstinacy in growth, Plin. 16, 32, 58, § 134.

firmĭtas, ātis, f. [firmus], firmness, durability, strength (class.; syn.: constantia, firmitudo, perseverantia).

Lit.: ea, quae ille (Epicurus) propter firmitatem steremnia appellat, Cic. N. D. 1, 19, 49: age specta, [p. 753] postes cujusmodi! Quanta firmitate facti, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 134: materiae, * Caes. B. C. 2, 11, 1:

amphorarum,

Plin. 35, 12, 46, § 161:

Aegyptii lini,

id. 19, 1, 2, § 14:

fastigiorum templorum,

id. 35, 12, 46, § 158:

uvae contra frigora, etc.,

id. 14, 3, 4, § 40:

vini,

id. 14, 2, 4, § 21:

gladiatoria totius corporis,

vigor, Cic. Phil. 2, 25, 63; cf. Quint. 8, 4, 16:

corporis,

id. 11, 3, 19; 2, 16, 13; Plin. Pan. 4, 7; 15, 1:

capitis, lateris pecorisve,

Quint. 11, 3, 16; 40:

firmitas et vigor vocis,

Gell. 2, 3, 4:

valetudinis,

Plin. 20, 5, 20, § 42. —In plur.:

pulvis Puteolanus aedificiis praestat firmitates,

Vitr. 2, 6.—

Trop., firmness, steadfastness, stability, endurance, constancy, power:

firmitas et constantia,

Cic. Fam. 9, 11, 1:

animi,

id. Sest. 44, 95; id. Att. 12, 38, 3; id. Tusc. 5, 26, 74:

sapientis,

id. Ac. 2, 20, 66: exercitus numero amplissimus, firmitate exiguus, Planc. in Cic. Fam. 10, 24, 3:

ut quisque minimum firmitatis haberet minimumque virium, ita amicitias appetere maxime,

Cic. Lael. 13, 46; cf.:

ea (amicitia) non satis habet firmitatis,

id. ib. 5, 19:

si aliquid firmitatis nactus sit Antonius,

id. Fam. 11, 12, 1:

imperii,

Suet. Vesp. 7.

firmĭtūdo, ĭnis, f. [firmus], firmness, durability, strength (less freq. than firmitas, but class.).

Lit.:

tanta in eis (navibus) erat firmitudo,

Caes. B. G. 3, 13, 8; cf.:

tanta erat operis (i. e. pontis) firmitudo,

id. ib. 4, 17, 7:

vocis,

Auct. Her. 3, 11, 20. —

Trop., firmness, constancy, stability, strength of mind:

animi,

Plaut. As. 2, 2, 54; cf.:

quod firmitudinem gravitatemque animi tui perspexi,

Cic. Fam. 5, 13, 3:

quantum esset hominibus praesidii in animi firmitudine,

Caes. B. C. 3, 28, 4:

animi,

Tac. A. 4, 8:

in patientia firmitudinem simulans,

id. ib. 6, 46 fin.; cf. ib. 15, 62:

non quod salus ab isto data quicquam habitura sit firmitudinis,

Cic. Att. 11, 14, 2:

haec constitutio habet firmitudinem,

id. Rep. 1, 45:

(translationes) per se minus habeant firmitudinis,

id. Inv. 2, 19, 58.

instantĭa, ae, f. [insto].

Lit., a being near or close upon, hence presence:

futura quorum consequenti tempore vera erit instantia, ea vera dicimus,

Cic. Fat. 12, 27 B. and K.: infestus dicitur ab instantia atque imminentia fraudis, the immediate and threatening character of the injury, Nigid. ap. Gell. 9, 12, 6.—

Trop., steadiness, constancy, perseverance; force, vehemence in speaking; earnestness in supplication, importunity, urgency (post-Aug.):

quid est enim, quod haec instantia non possit efficere?

Plin. Ep. 3, 5, 18:

oratio maxime vi, amaritudine, instantiā placet,

id. ib. 5, 8, 10;

opp. tarditas,

Sol. 2, 46:

repetendi debiti instantia,

Dig. 32, 1, 32:

sed instantia Byrrhaenae perfecit, ut vellet,

App. M. 2, p. 123, 38:

pertinaci negare instantia,

Amm. 28, 1, 19.

Pēnĕlŏpē, ēs, and Pēnĕlŏpa, ae (Pēnĕlŏpēa, = Pênelopeia, Auct. Priap. 68, 28), f., = Pênelopê, daughter of Icarius and Peribœa, wife of Ulysses, and mother of Telemachus, celebrated for her chastity and constancy, Ov. H. 1; Hyg. Fab. 126; Plaut. Stich. 1, 1, 1; Cic. N. D. 3, 22, 56; id. Ac. 2, 29, 65; Hor. C. 3, 10, 11; id. S. 2, 5, 76; Juv. 2, 56: sponsi Penelopae, for sensualists, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 28.—

Transf, poet., a chaste wife, Mart. 1, 63, 6.—Hence,

Pē-nĕlŏpēus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Penelope, Penelopean:

Telemachus,

i. e. the son of Penelope, Cat. 61, 231:

fides,

Ov. Tr. 5, 14, 36.— Subst.: Pēnĕlŏpēa = Penelope, Auct. Priap. 70, 20.

Pēnĕlŏpē, ēs, and Pēnĕlŏpa, ae (Pēnĕlŏpēa, = Pênelopeia, Auct. Priap. 68, 28), f., = Pênelopê, daughter of Icarius and Peribœa, wife of Ulysses, and mother of Telemachus, celebrated for her chastity and constancy, Ov. H. 1; Hyg. Fab. 126; Plaut. Stich. 1, 1, 1; Cic. N. D. 3, 22, 56; id. Ac. 2, 29, 65; Hor. C. 3, 10, 11; id. S. 2, 5, 76; Juv. 2, 56: sponsi Penelopae, for sensualists, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 28.—

Transf, poet., a chaste wife, Mart. 1, 63, 6.—Hence,

Pē-nĕlŏpēus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Penelope, Penelopean:

Telemachus,

i. e. the son of Penelope, Cat. 61, 231:

fides,

Ov. Tr. 5, 14, 36.— Subst.: Pēnĕlŏpēa = Penelope, Auct. Priap. 70, 20.

Pēnĕlŏpē, ēs, and Pēnĕlŏpa, ae (Pēnĕlŏpēa, = Pênelopeia, Auct. Priap. 68, 28), f., = Pênelopê, daughter of Icarius and Peribœa, wife of Ulysses, and mother of Telemachus, celebrated for her chastity and constancy, Ov. H. 1; Hyg. Fab. 126; Plaut. Stich. 1, 1, 1; Cic. N. D. 3, 22, 56; id. Ac. 2, 29, 65; Hor. C. 3, 10, 11; id. S. 2, 5, 76; Juv. 2, 56: sponsi Penelopae, for sensualists, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 28.—

Transf, poet., a chaste wife, Mart. 1, 63, 6.—Hence,

Pē-nĕlŏpēus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Penelope, Penelopean:

Telemachus,

i. e. the son of Penelope, Cat. 61, 231:

fides,

Ov. Tr. 5, 14, 36.— Subst.: Pēnĕlŏpēa = Penelope, Auct. Priap. 70, 20.

Pēnĕlŏpē, ēs, and Pēnĕlŏpa, ae (Pēnĕlŏpēa, = Pênelopeia, Auct. Priap. 68, 28), f., = Pênelopê, daughter of Icarius and Peribœa, wife of Ulysses, and mother of Telemachus, celebrated for her chastity and constancy, Ov. H. 1; Hyg. Fab. 126; Plaut. Stich. 1, 1, 1; Cic. N. D. 3, 22, 56; id. Ac. 2, 29, 65; Hor. C. 3, 10, 11; id. S. 2, 5, 76; Juv. 2, 56: sponsi Penelopae, for sensualists, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 28.—

Transf, poet., a chaste wife, Mart. 1, 63, 6.—Hence,

Pē-nĕlŏpēus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Penelope, Penelopean:

Telemachus,

i. e. the son of Penelope, Cat. 61, 231:

fides,

Ov. Tr. 5, 14, 36.— Subst.: Pēnĕlŏpēa = Penelope, Auct. Priap. 70, 20.

persĕvērantĭa, ae, f. [persevero], steadfastness, constancy, perseverance (syn. pertinacia):

perseverantia est in ratione bene consideratā stabilis et perpetua permansio,

Cic. Inv. 2, 54, 164; id. Phil. 7, 5, 14:

disputandum est, aliud an idem sit pertinacia et perseverantia,

id. Part. Or. 19, 65:

nautarum,

Caes. B. C. 3, 26; Vulg. 2 Macc. 14, 38.—

Transf., objectively, long continuance, tediousness:

belli,

Just. 3, 4, 4.