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41 keyboarding
keyboarding ['ki:bɔ:dɪŋ]►► keyboarding accuracy précision f de frappe;keyboarding error faute f de frappe;keyboarding problems problèmes mpl au niveau de la frappe;keyboarding skills compétences fpl de claviste;keyboarding speed vitesse f de frappeUn panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > keyboarding
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42 seek
(a) (search for → job, person, solution) chercher, rechercher;∎ he constantly sought her approval il cherchait constamment à obtenir son approbation;∎ he sought revenge on them il a cherché à se venger d'eux;∎ they sought an answer to their problems ils ont cherché une réponse à leurs problèmes;∎ we'd better seek help il vaut mieux aller chercher de l'aide;∎ they sought shelter from the rain ils ont cherché à se mettre à l'abri de la pluie;∎ we sought shelter in a shop doorway nous avons cherché refuge ou à nous réfugier dans l'entrée d'un magasin;∎ to seek one's fortune chercher fortune;∎ to seek re-election chercher à se faire réélire;∎ gentleman, 50s, seeks mature woman… (in personal column) homme, la cinquantaine, recherche femme mûre…(b) (ask for → advice, help) demander, chercher;∎ I sought professional advice j'ai demandé conseil à un professionnel, j'ai cherché conseil auprès d'un professionnel;∎ he sought my help il m'a demandé de l'aide ou de l'aider∎ to seek to do sth chercher à faire qch, tenter de faire qch;∎ we are seeking to improve housing conditions nous nous efforçons d'améliorer ou nous cherchons à améliorer les conditions de logement(d) (move towards) chercher;∎ water seeks its own level l'eau atteint spontanément son niveauchercher;∎ to seek after sth rechercher qch;∎ Bible seek and ye shall find cherchez et vous trouverez►► Computing seek time temps m d'accèsrechercher(a) (go to see) aller voir -
43 small
small [smɔ:l]∎ small children les jeunes enfants mpl;∎ small child (young) enfant mf en bas âge, petit(e) enfant mf; (small in size) enfant mf de petite taille;∎ a small coffee une petite tasse (de café);∎ euphemism the smallest room le petit coin;∎ the small screen le petit écran;∎ small sizes les petites tailles fpl;∎ to get or to grow smaller devenir plus petit, diminuer;∎ to make smaller (hole) réduire;∎ the new wallpaper makes the room look smaller le nouveau papier peint rapetisse la pièce;∎ to make oneself small se faire tout petit(b) (in number → crowd, family, population) peu nombreux; (in quantity → dose, amount, percentage) petit, faible; (→ resources) faible; (→ supply) petit; (→ salary, sum) petit, modeste; (→ helping) petit, peu copieux; (→ meal) léger;∎ the audience was very small l'assistance était très peu nombreuse, il y avait très peu de monde;∎ the smallest possible number of guests le moins d'invités possible;∎ in small numbers en petit nombre;∎ to get or to grow smaller diminuer, décroître;∎ the problems don't get any smaller les problèmes ne vont pas (en) s'amenuisant;∎ down to the smallest details jusqu'aux moindres détails;∎ a small voice une petite voix;∎ it's no small achievement c'est une réussite non négligeable;∎ it makes not the smallest difference ça ne fait pas la moindre différence;∎ there's the small matter of the £150 you still owe me il reste ce petit problème des 150 livres que tu me dois;∎ it's small wonder that they lost ce n'est guère étonnant qu'ils aient perdu;∎ I like to be able to help in a small way j'aime me sentir utile;∎ I do some acting, in a small way je fais un peu de théâtre;∎ he felt responsible in his own small way il se sentait responsable à sa façon;∎ in her own small way she had made a worthwhile contribution dans la limite de ses moyens, elle avait apporté une pierre à l'édifice;∎ familiar we're very British small beer or American small potatoes in the advertising world nous ne représentons pas grand-chose dans le monde de la publicité□∎ to make sb look or feel small humilier qn, rabaisser qn;∎ they've got small minds ce sont des esprits mesquins2 adverb∎ to cut sth up small couper qch en tout petits morceaux;∎ the cat curled itself up small le chat s'est roulé en boule;∎ to think small voir petit3 noun∎ small of the back creux m ou chute f des reins;∎ I have a pain in the small of my back j'ai mal aux reins ou au creux des reins;∎ he took her by the small of the waist il l'a prise par la taille∎ this T-shirt's a small ce tee-shirt est une petite taille∎ to wash one's smalls faire sa petite lessive►► small ad petite annonce f;small arms armes fpl portatives;∎ the sound of small arms fire des tirs mpl d'arme portative;small businessman petit entrepreneur m ou patron m;Typography & Computing small capitals, small caps petites capitales fpl;small change petite monnaie f;Cars small end (of connecting rod) pied m;small fry menu fretin m;small hours petit matin m;∎ in the small hours au petit matin;Anatomy small intestine intestin m grêle;Finance small investor petit porteur m;small letter (lettre f) minuscule f;∎ in small letters en (lettres) minuscules;small print petits caractères mpl;∎ make sure you read the small print before you sign lisez bien ce qui est écrit en petits caractères avant de signer;small scale petite échelle f;∎ on a small scale sur une petite échelle;small talk (UNCOUNT) banalités fpl;∎ to make small talk échanger des banalités;∎ to make small talk with sb faire la conversation à qn;∎ I'm no good at small talk je ne sais pas faire la conversation;Typography small type petits corps mpl -
44 wrap
(a) (goods, parcel, gift, food) emballer, envelopper;∎ the fish was wrapped in foil le poisson était enveloppé dans du papier d'aluminium;∎ would you like it wrapped? (gift) c'est pour offrir?;∎ she wrapped the scarf in tissue paper elle a emballé ou enveloppé l'écharpe dans du papier de soie(b) (cocoon, envelop) envelopper, emmailloter;∎ the baby was wrapped in a blanket le bébé était enveloppé dans une couverture;∎ her head was wrapped in a thick scarf elle avait la tête enveloppée dans une grosse écharpe;∎ figurative her visit was wrapped in mystery sa visite était entourée de mystère(c) (twist, wind)∎ to wrap round or around enrouler;∎ she had a towel wrapped round her head sa tête était enveloppée dans une serviette;∎ she had a towel wrapped round her body elle s'était enveloppée dans une serviette;∎ wrap this blanket round you/your shoulders enroule cette couverture autour de toi/de tes épaules;∎ he wrapped the bandage round her hand il lui a enroulé la main dans une bande;∎ he wrapped his arms round her il l'a prise dans ses bras;3 noun(a) (housecoat) peignoir m; (shawl) châle m; (over ballgown) sortie-de-bal f; (blanket, rug) couverture f∎ it's a wrap! c'est dans la boîte!∎ figurative to keep a plan/one's feelings under wraps garder un plan secret/ses sentiments secrets;∎ when the wraps eventually came off lorsque tout a été dévoilé;∎ the wraps were taken off the new car today la voiture a été montrée au public pour la première fois aujourd'hui➲ wrap up(a) (goods, parcel, gift, food) envelopper, emballer, empaqueter;∎ he wrapped the sandwiches up in foil il a enveloppé les sandwiches dans du papier d'aluminium(b) (person → in clothes, blanket) envelopper;∎ wrap him up in a blanket enveloppez-le dans une couverture;∎ she was well wrapped up in a thick coat elle était bien emmitouflée dans un épais manteau;∎ wrap yourself up warmly couvrez-vous bien∎ politicians are skilled at wrapping up bad news in an acceptable form les politiciens s'y connaissent pour présenter les mauvaises nouvelles sous un jour acceptable;∎ his meaning was wrapped up in diplomatic jargon il enrobait ce qu'il disait de jargon diplomatique∎ that wraps up business for today c'est fini pour aujourd'hui□ ;∎ let's get this matter wrapped up finissons-en avec cette question□∎ to be wrapped up in sth être absorbé par qch;∎ he's very wrapped up in his work il est très absorbé par son travail;∎ they're wrapped up in their children ils ne vivent que pour leurs enfants;∎ she's very wrapped up in herself elle est très repliée sur elle-même;∎ she is too wrapped up in her own problems elle est trop préoccupée par ses propres problèmes∎ he was wrapped up in some shady dealings il a été impliqué dans des transactions louches∎ she wrapped up her talk with three points elle a résumé son discours en trois points∎ wrap up warmly or well! couvrez-vous bien!∎ wrap up! la ferme! -
45 Stibitz, George R.
SUBJECT AREA: Electronics and information technology[br]b. 20 April 1904 York, Pennsylvania, USA[br]American mathematician responsible for the conception of the Bell Laboratories "Complex " computer.[br]Stibitz spent his early years in Dayton, Ohio, and obtained his first degree at Denison University, Granville, Ohio, his MS from Union College, Schenectady, New York, in 1927 and his PhD in mathematical physics from Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, in 1930. After working for a time for General Electric, he joined Bell Laboratories to work on various communications problems. In 1937 he started to experiment at home with telephone relays as the basis of a calculator for addition, multiplication and division. Initially this was based on binary arithmetic, but later he used binary-coded decimal (BCD) and was able to cope with complex numbers. In November 1938 the ideas were officially taken up by Bell Laboratories and, with S.B.Williams as Project Manager, Stibitz built a complex-number computer known as "Complex", or Relay I, which became operational on 8 January 1940.With the outbreak of the Second World War, he was co-opted to the National Defence Research Council to work on anti-aircraft (AA) gun control, and this led to Bell Laboratories Relay II computer, which was completed in 1943 and which had 500 relays, bi-quinary code and selfchecking of errors. A further computer, Relay III, was used for ballistic simulation of actual AA shell explosions and was followed by more machines before and after Stibitz left Bell after the end of the war. Stibitz then became a computer consultant, involved in particular with the development of the UNIVAC computer by John Mauchly and J.Presper Eckert.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsInstitute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Emanuel R.Priore Award 1977.Bibliography1957, with J.A.Larrivee, Mathematics and Computers, New York: McGraw-Hill. 1967, "The Relay computer at the Bell Laboratories", Datamation 35.Further ReadingE.Loveday, 1977, "George Stibitz and the Bell Labs Relay computer", Datamation 80. M.R.Williams, 1985, A History of Computing Technology, London: Prentice-Hall.KF
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