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1 Linux
Le terme "Linux" est la contraction de "Linus", le prénom du créateur de Linux (Linus Torvalds), et "Unix", le système d’exploitation dont Linux est dérivé. Linux est un système d’exploitation pour ordinateur personnel (ou PC: personal computer) créé en 1991 par Linus Torvalds et poursuivi en collaboration avec de nombreux programmeurs dans le monde. Développé dans le cadre de la licence GPL (GNU General Public License), ce logiciel est gratuit et son code source librement disponible. D’abord utilisé par les concepteurs de logiciels et les universités, Linux gagne les entreprises et le grand public, et concurrence de plus en plus Windows, le système d’exploitation de Microsoft, d’abord dans la communauté universitaire et scientifique et ensuite auprès du grand public. Les deux versions de Linux les plus populaires auprès du grand public sont Ubuntu et Fedora.
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