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1 Purdue International and Computational Learning System
Military: PICLSУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > Purdue International and Computational Learning System
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2 обучение индуктивным методом
Русско-английский словарь по электронике > обучение индуктивным методом
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3 обучение индуктивным методом
Русско-английский словарь по радиоэлектронике > обучение индуктивным методом
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4 ciencia
f.1 science.a ciencia cierta for certainno se conoce a ciencia cierta el número de víctimas the number of victims isn't known for certainciencias económicas economicsciencias de la información media studiesciencias naturales natural sciencesciencias ocultas occultismciencias políticas political scienceciencias sociales social sciences2 learning, knowledge.* * *1 (disciplina) science2 (saber) knowledge, learning\saber algo a ciencia cierta figurado to know something for certainser un pozo de ciencia to be a well of knowledgeciencia ficción science fictionciencia infusa intuitionciencias empresariales business studiesciencias exactas mathematics singciencias naturales natural sciencesciencias ocultas the occult sing* * *noun f.* * *SF1) (=conocimiento) scienceno tener mucha ciencia —
ciencia infusa, lo sabe por ciencia infusa — iró he has God-given intelligence
2) (=doctrina) science, sciences plciencias sociales — social science, social sciences pl
* * *a) ( rama del saber) science; (saber, conocimiento) knowledge, learninga ciencia cierta — for sure, for certain
b) ciencias femenino plural (Educ) science* * *= scholarship, science.Ex. The most important of the functions of librarians is the collection, preservation and affording access to the materials of scholarship.Ex. Thus we all agree that one component of a building is a roof (and not vice versa!), and that chemistry is a branch of science.----* academia de las ciencias = academy of sciences.* a ciencia cierta = for sure, for certain.* alfabetización en ciencias de la salud = health literacy.* árbol de la ciencia, el = tree of knowledge, the.* biblioteca de ciencias = science library.* biblioteca de ciencias de la salud = health sciences library, health library.* Biblioteca Nacional de Préstamo para la Ciencia y la Tecnología (NLL) = National Lending Library for Science and Technology (NLL).* bibliotecario de ciencias de la salud = health librarian.* bibliotecario de las ciencias de la salud = health sciences librarian.* centro de las ciencias = science centre.* ciencia aplicada = applied science.* Ciencia Cristiana, la = Christian Science.* ciencia de la comunicación = communication science.* ciencia de las zonas polares = polar science.* ciencia del conocimiento = cognitive science.* ciencia del libro = bookmanship.* ciencia de los alimentos = food science.* ciencia del suelo = soil science.* ciencia experimental = hard sciences, the.* ciencia ficción = science fiction, sci-fi.* ciencia forense = forensic science.* ciencia médica = medical science.* ciencia militar = military science.* ciencia mundial = world science.* ciencias = science and technology.* ciencias agrícolas = agricultural economics.* ciencias biológicas = biological sciences.* ciencias biomédicas = biomedical sciences.* ciencias de la atmósfera = atmospheric sciences.* ciencias de la computación = computer science, computational science.* ciencias de la computación y tecnología informática = computer science and technology.* ciencias de la construcción = building sciences.* ciencias de la documentación = information science, library science.* ciencias de la educación = educational science.* ciencias de la navegación = nautical science.* ciencias de la salud = health sciences.* ciencias de las plantas = plant science(s).* ciencias de la tierra = geosciences.* ciencias de la tierra, las = earth sciences, the.* ciencias de la vida = biosciences.* ciencias de la vida, las = life sciences, the.* ciencias del comportamiento = behavioural sciences.* ciencias del espacio, las = space science(s), the.* ciencias del mar = aquatic sciences.* ciencias del mar, las = ocean sciences, the.* ciencias de los materiales = materials sciences.* ciencias domésticas = domestic science.* ciencias duras, las = hard sciences, the.* ciencias exactas, las = exact sciences, the, hard sciences, the.* ciencias físicas = physical science.* ciencias forestales = forestry.* ciencias históricas = historical sciences.* ciencias humanas = human science.* ciencias naturales = natural sciences.* ciencias navales = ship science.* ciencias planetarias, las = planetary sciences, the.* ciencias políticas = political science.* ciencias puras = pure sciences.* ciencias sobre la vida en el espacio = space life sciences.* ciencias sociales = social sciences, soft sciences, the, social studies.* ciencia virtual = e-science.* ciencia y tecnología = sci-tech [scitech o sci/tech].* Ciencia y Tecnología (C + T) = S & T (Science and Technology).* ciencia y tecnología de los alimentos = food science and technology.* ciencia y tecnología de los materiales = materials science and technology.* científico de las ciencias de la tierra = geoscientist.* conocer a ciencia cierta = know for + certain, know for + sure, know for + a fact.* delegación de educación y ciencia = local education authority (LEA).* enseñanza de las ciencias = science education.* especialista en ciencias de la tierra = earth scientist.* estudiante de ciencias de la educación = education student, student teacher.* facultad de ciencias de la educación = teachers college, teacher training college.* filosofía de la ciencia = philosophy of science.* Fundación Nacional para las Ciencias (NSF) = National Science Foundation (NSF).* humanidades y ciencias sociales = arts and social sciences.* Indice de Citas de Ciencia (SCI) = Science Citation Index (SCI).* Indice de Citas de las Ciencias Sociales (SSCI) = Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI).* investigación en ciencias de la documentación = information science research.* Licenciatura de Ciencias = M.Sc. (Master of Science).* Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia = Department of Education and Science.* mundo de la ciencia, el = world of science, the, scientific world, the.* museo de ciencias naturales = natural science museum.* museo de las ciencias = science museum.* no es una ciencia exacta = not (exactly) rocket science.* novela de ciencia ficción = science fiction novel.* relacionado con las ciencias = science-related.* revista de ciencia y tecnología = science and technology journal.* saber a ciencia cierta = know for + certain, know for + sure, know for + a fact.* saber a ciencia cierta que = know + for a fact that.* ser una ciencia exacta = be an exact science.* sistema de la ciencia, el = system of science, the.* tecnología de la información para ciencias de la salud = health informatics.* * *a) ( rama del saber) science; (saber, conocimiento) knowledge, learninga ciencia cierta — for sure, for certain
b) ciencias femenino plural (Educ) science* * *= scholarship, science.Ex: The most important of the functions of librarians is the collection, preservation and affording access to the materials of scholarship.
Ex: Thus we all agree that one component of a building is a roof (and not vice versa!), and that chemistry is a branch of science.* academia de las ciencias = academy of sciences.* a ciencia cierta = for sure, for certain.* alfabetización en ciencias de la salud = health literacy.* árbol de la ciencia, el = tree of knowledge, the.* biblioteca de ciencias = science library.* biblioteca de ciencias de la salud = health sciences library, health library.* Biblioteca Nacional de Préstamo para la Ciencia y la Tecnología (NLL) = National Lending Library for Science and Technology (NLL).* bibliotecario de ciencias de la salud = health librarian.* bibliotecario de las ciencias de la salud = health sciences librarian.* centro de las ciencias = science centre.* ciencia aplicada = applied science.* Ciencia Cristiana, la = Christian Science.* ciencia de la comunicación = communication science.* ciencia de las zonas polares = polar science.* ciencia del conocimiento = cognitive science.* ciencia del libro = bookmanship.* ciencia de los alimentos = food science.* ciencia del suelo = soil science.* ciencia experimental = hard sciences, the.* ciencia ficción = science fiction, sci-fi.* ciencia forense = forensic science.* ciencia médica = medical science.* ciencia militar = military science.* ciencia mundial = world science.* ciencias = science and technology.* ciencias agrícolas = agricultural economics.* ciencias biológicas = biological sciences.* ciencias biomédicas = biomedical sciences.* ciencias de la atmósfera = atmospheric sciences.* ciencias de la computación = computer science, computational science.* ciencias de la computación y tecnología informática = computer science and technology.* ciencias de la construcción = building sciences.* ciencias de la documentación = information science, library science.* ciencias de la educación = educational science.* ciencias de la navegación = nautical science.* ciencias de la salud = health sciences.* ciencias de las plantas = plant science(s).* ciencias de la tierra = geosciences.* ciencias de la tierra, las = earth sciences, the.* ciencias de la vida = biosciences.* ciencias de la vida, las = life sciences, the.* ciencias del comportamiento = behavioural sciences.* ciencias del espacio, las = space science(s), the.* ciencias del mar = aquatic sciences.* ciencias del mar, las = ocean sciences, the.* ciencias de los materiales = materials sciences.* ciencias domésticas = domestic science.* ciencias duras, las = hard sciences, the.* ciencias exactas, las = exact sciences, the, hard sciences, the.* ciencias físicas = physical science.* ciencias forestales = forestry.* ciencias históricas = historical sciences.* ciencias humanas = human science.* ciencias naturales = natural sciences.* ciencias navales = ship science.* ciencias planetarias, las = planetary sciences, the.* ciencias políticas = political science.* ciencias puras = pure sciences.* ciencias sobre la vida en el espacio = space life sciences.* ciencias sociales = social sciences, soft sciences, the, social studies.* ciencia virtual = e-science.* ciencia y tecnología = sci-tech [scitech o sci/tech].* Ciencia y Tecnología (C + T) = S & T (Science and Technology).* ciencia y tecnología de los alimentos = food science and technology.* ciencia y tecnología de los materiales = materials science and technology.* científico de las ciencias de la tierra = geoscientist.* conocer a ciencia cierta = know for + certain, know for + sure, know for + a fact.* delegación de educación y ciencia = local education authority (LEA).* enseñanza de las ciencias = science education.* especialista en ciencias de la tierra = earth scientist.* estudiante de ciencias de la educación = education student, student teacher.* facultad de ciencias de la educación = teachers college, teacher training college.* filosofía de la ciencia = philosophy of science.* Fundación Nacional para las Ciencias (NSF) = National Science Foundation (NSF).* humanidades y ciencias sociales = arts and social sciences.* Indice de Citas de Ciencia (SCI) = Science Citation Index (SCI).* Indice de Citas de las Ciencias Sociales (SSCI) = Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI).* investigación en ciencias de la documentación = information science research.* Licenciatura de Ciencias = M.Sc. (Master of Science).* Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia = Department of Education and Science.* mundo de la ciencia, el = world of science, the, scientific world, the.* museo de ciencias naturales = natural science museum.* museo de las ciencias = science museum.* no es una ciencia exacta = not (exactly) rocket science.* novela de ciencia ficción = science fiction novel.* relacionado con las ciencias = science-related.* revista de ciencia y tecnología = science and technology journal.* saber a ciencia cierta = know for + certain, know for + sure, know for + a fact.* saber a ciencia cierta que = know + for a fact that.* ser una ciencia exacta = be an exact science.* sistema de la ciencia, el = system of science, the.* tecnología de la información para ciencias de la salud = health informatics.* * *1 (rama del saber) science; (saber, conocimiento) knowledge, learninglos adelantos de la ciencia scientific advances, the advances of sciencea ciencia cierta for sure, for certainno tiene ninguna ciencia there's nothing difficult o complicated about itCompuestos:soil sciencespace sciencescience fictionfpl Educationfpl Media Studiesfpl Business Studiesfpl exact sciencesfpl natural science(s)fpl occultismfpl Political Science, Politics* * *
ciencia sustantivo femenino
(saber, conocimiento) knowledge, learning;
a ciencia cierta for sure, for certainb)
Cciencias Empresariales/de la Información Business/Media Studies;
Cciencias Políticas/de la Educación Politics/Education
ciencia sustantivo femenino
1 science
2 frml (conocimiento) knowledge: descorchar un botella no tiene mucha ciencia, there is no mystery about uncorking a bottle
3 ciencia ficción, science fiction
irón ciencia infusa, divine inspiration
ciencias ocultas, the occult sing
♦ Locuciones: a ciencia cierta, for certain: lo sé a ciencia cierta, I'm absolutely sure o I know it for certain
' ciencia' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
divulgación
- estadística
- interés
- jurisprudencia
- mecánica
- óptica
- ortopedia
- padre
- ramo
- reino
- toponimia
- acústica
- adelanto
- aeronáutica
- avanzar
- contabilidad
- dedicar
- economía
- evolucionar
- ramificarse
- triunfo
- veterinaria
English:
advancement
- area
- branch
- certain
- data processing
- economics
- electronic
- forestry
- medicine
- sci-fi
- science
- science fiction
- statistics
- surgery
- social
- wishful thinking
* * *♦ nf1. [método, estudio] science;la ciencia ya no puede hacer nada para salvar al enfermo science is unable to do anything more to help the patient;la astronomía es la ciencia que estudia los cuerpos celestes astronomy is the science in which heavenly bodies are studiedciencias aplicadas applied sciences;ciencias biológicas life sciences;ciencia del conocimiento cognitive science;ciencias económicas economics [singular];ciencias empresariales business studies;ciencias exactas mathematics [singular];ciencia ficción science fiction;ciencias físicas physical sciences;ciencias de la información media studies;ciencias naturales natural sciences;ciencias ocultas occultism;ciencias políticas political science;ciencias de la salud medical sciences;ciencias sociales social sciences;ciencias de la Tierra earth sciences2. [sabiduría] learning, knowledge;Famtener poca ciencia to be straightforward;la cocina tiene poca ciencia, pero requiere mucho sentido común cooking doesn't require a lot of skill, but you do need to use common sense;Humpor ciencia infusa through divine inspirationsoy de ciencias I studied scienceciencias mixtas = secondary school course comprising mainly science subjects but including some arts subjects;ciencias puras = secondary school course comprising science subjects only♦ a ciencia cierta loc advfor certain;no se conoce a ciencia cierta el número de víctimas the number of victims isn't known for certain* * *f1 science;a ciencia cierta for certain, for sure;ser un pozo de ciencia fam be a fount of knowledge2:ciencias (naturales) natural sciences* * *ciencia nf1) : science2) : learning, knowledge3)a ciencia cierta : for a fact, for certain* * *ciencia n science -
5 avanzar
v.1 to advance.las tropas continúan avanzando the troops are still advancingel tráfico no avanzaba the traffic wasn't movingMi chico avanza en la escuela My boy advances in school.Ricardo avanzó las ventas Richard advanced=promoted sales.2 to make progress.está avanzando mucho en sus estudios she's making very good progress with her studiesesta tecnología avanza a gran velocidad this technology is developing very quickly3 to pass (time).el tiempo avanza muy deprisa time passes quicklya medida que avanza el siglo as the century draws on4 to move forward.El coche avanza lentamente The car moves forward slowly.* * *1 to advance, go forward1 (mover adelante) to advance, move forward2 (dinero) to advance3 (promover) to promote4 (una propuesta) to put forward1 (adelantarse) to go forward, advance; (día, noche) to draw in* * *verb1) to advance, move forward2) progress* * *1. VT1) (=mover) to move forward, advanceavanzó la ficha cuatro casillas — he moved the counter forward four spaces, he advanced the counter four spaces
2) [+ dinero] to advance3) [+ opinión, propuesta] to put forward4) [+ resultado] to predict; [+ predicción] to make5) Caribe (=vomitar) to vomit2. VI1) (=ir hacia adelante) to advance, move forwardel ejército avanzó de madrugada — the army advanced o moved forward at dawn
no me esperéis, seguid avanzando — don't wait for me, carry on
2) (=progresar) to make progresslas conversaciones de paz no parecen avanzar — the peace talks do not seem to be progressing o making (any) progress
la genética avanza a ritmo vertiginoso — genetics is progressing o advancing at a dizzy speed
3) [noche, invierno] to draw on, approach3.See:* * *1.verbo intransitivoa) persona/tráfico to advance, move forwardavanzar hacia la democracia — to move o advance toward(s) democracy
b) ciencia/medicina to advancec) cinta/rollo to wind ond) persona (en los estudios, el trabajo) to make progress; negociaciones/proyecto to progresse) tiempo to draw on2.avanzar vta) ( adelantarse) to move forward, advanceb) ( mover) to move... forward, advanceavanzó un peón — he moved o pushed a pawn forward
c) < propuesta> to put forward* * *= gain + ground, get + far, go forward, make + gains, make + progress, move ahead, move on, move onwardly, move up, page (through), progress, advance, proceed, press on, come along, fast-forward, take + a step forward, get + ahead, move forward, make + step, take + strides, make + advances, develop, move along, get + unstuck, press forward (with), move + forward, go forth, make + headway.Ex. Standardisation of formats is less developed; however UNIMARC is gaining ground as a national exchange format, whilst USMARC is also used by university and public libraries.Ex. If scientific reasoning were limited to the logical processes of arithmetic, we should not get far in our understanding of the physical world.Ex. Thus, if you want to reply yes, enter a 'y'; if you want to go forward, enter 'f'.Ex. Expenditures in public libraries in the USA rose sharply in 1988 while use continued to make modest gains, with the greatest increase in juvenile loans.Ex. We could then simply alter our expectations accordingly, and exult in the progress we have made.Ex. It is impatient with Juctionville for its failure to move ahead as fast as it would like and is bothered by the city's drabness and general lack of class and culture.Ex. Rather readers grow by fits and starts now rushing ahead, now lying fallow, and now moving steadily on.Ex. In its simplest statement, the prime goal of any act of education is that it should serve us in the future... takes us somewhere... let us move onwardly more easily.Ex. Now we move up the chain providing index entries for each of the potentially sought terms.Ex. The system displays the records in brief format and the user can 'page' through the matches until the required record is found.Ex. It is normally taken to indicate that the document has been revised, if a work has progressed to a second or subsequent edition.Ex. All this is not to be impulsively regretted since specialized studies can advance in no other way, but synthesis becomes increasingly important and dishearteningly more difficult.Ex. Before we proceed to look at the operators in detail, a couple of examples may help to make the layout clearer.Ex. Hoping the gentler tone and the more relaxed manner meant that her anger was abating, the young man pressed on less apprehensively.Ex. However, we have not heard the final word by any means for there are new products and improved examples of existing products coming along.Ex. Modern machines have an automatic facility for fast-forward and rewind as well as a manual control for slower, more precise location of the required information on the microfilm.Ex. Low-income urban families simply do not have any use for the traditional library or indeed any motivation for self-improvement and getting ahead = Las familias urbanas con ingresos bajos simplemente no tienen la necesidad de usar la biblioteca tradicional o de hecho no sienten motivación para la superación personal y para avanzar.Ex. This article argues the need to move forward with the infotech culture without abandoning the service culture.Ex. Schucking noted that early step when a child's 'imagination awakes, without corresponding development of the critical faculty,' a step most children make before they reach school age = Schucking se percató de ese primer paso en el niño cuando "se despierta su imaginación sin el correspondiente desarrollo de la capacidad crítica", un paso que dan la mayoría de los niños antes de alcanzar la edad escolar.Ex. In the half century since the publication of McKerrow's Introduction bibliography has taken giant strides in many directions.Ex. The author maintains that, aside from increasing computational speed, and thus real-time control, musically no advances have been made.Ex. The economics journal system has not grown and developed in a structured fashion, which has resulted in overspill into report literature.Ex. As university libraries move along this continuum they will become evolutionary, non-hierarchical, entrepreneurial and horizontal.Ex. In addition, students can use the glossary to get 'unstuck' while learning.Ex. The company is pressing forward with the construction of an environment and a system that permit all employees to demonstrate their full capabilities.Ex. Kuwait is not going backwards, but definitely not moving forward.Ex. Finally six men agreed to go forth in their underclothes and nooses around their necks in hopeful expectation that their sacrifice would satisfy the king's bloodlust and he would spare the rest of the citizens.Ex. Governments are making headway in negotiations aimed at reaching an ambitious and effective global greenhouse gas reduction treaty.----* a medida que + avanzar + el año = as the year + wear on.* a medida que + avanzar + el día = as the day + wear on.* avanzar a duras penas = flounder, grind on.* avanzar a toda máquina = steam ahead, go + full steam ahead.* avanzar a toda mecha = go + full steam ahead.* avanzar a toda pastilla = steam ahead, go + full steam ahead.* avanzar a todo gas = steam ahead, go + full steam ahead.* avanzar a todo meter = go + full steam ahead.* avanzar a todo vapor = steam ahead, go + full steam ahead.* avanzar a trancas y barrancas = flounder, grind on.* avanzar a un ritmo vertiginoso = proceed + at a blistering pace.* avanzar con dificultad = wade through, limp, slog along, plod (along/through).* avanzar con gran dificultad = grind on.* avanzar en + Posesivo + trabajo = advance + Posesivo + work, advance + Posesivo + work.* avanzar en una carrera profesional = further + a career.* avanzar fácilmente = coast.* avanzar gradualmente (hacia) = edge (toward(s)).* avanzar hacia = move into, move toward(s).* avanzar hacia abajo = work + Posesivo + way down.* avanzar lentamente = creep, creep along.* avanzar lenta y pesadamente = trundle.* avanzar mucho = travel + a long way down the road.* avanzar muy despacio = creep, creep along.* avanzar poco a poco = shuffle along.* avanzar poco a poco (hacia) = edge (toward(s)).* avanzar profesionalmente dentro de la institución = rise through + the ranks.* avanzar rápidamente = gallop.* avanzar viento en popa = steam ahead.* conforme + avanzar + el año = as the year + wear on.* conforme + avanzar + el día = as the day + wear on.* dar vueltas sin avanzar = go round in + circles.* hacer avanzar = nudge + Nombre + forward, push + the frontiers of, nudge + Nombre + along, nudge + Nombre + into, push + the boundaries of.* hacer avanzar el conocimiento = push back + the frontiers of knowledge.* hacer avanzar hacia = nudge + Nombre + toward.* hacer que + Nombre + avance = take + Nombre + a/one step forward.* no avanzar = tread + water.* no avanzar más = go + no further.* que avanza lentamente = crawling.* que avanza rápidamente = fast-developing.* seguir avanzando = forge + ahead, forge + forward.* tiempo + avanzar inexorablemente = time + march on.* * *1.verbo intransitivoa) persona/tráfico to advance, move forwardavanzar hacia la democracia — to move o advance toward(s) democracy
b) ciencia/medicina to advancec) cinta/rollo to wind ond) persona (en los estudios, el trabajo) to make progress; negociaciones/proyecto to progresse) tiempo to draw on2.avanzar vta) ( adelantarse) to move forward, advanceb) ( mover) to move... forward, advanceavanzó un peón — he moved o pushed a pawn forward
c) < propuesta> to put forward* * *= gain + ground, get + far, go forward, make + gains, make + progress, move ahead, move on, move onwardly, move up, page (through), progress, advance, proceed, press on, come along, fast-forward, take + a step forward, get + ahead, move forward, make + step, take + strides, make + advances, develop, move along, get + unstuck, press forward (with), move + forward, go forth, make + headway.Ex: Standardisation of formats is less developed; however UNIMARC is gaining ground as a national exchange format, whilst USMARC is also used by university and public libraries.
Ex: If scientific reasoning were limited to the logical processes of arithmetic, we should not get far in our understanding of the physical world.Ex: Thus, if you want to reply yes, enter a 'y'; if you want to go forward, enter 'f'.Ex: Expenditures in public libraries in the USA rose sharply in 1988 while use continued to make modest gains, with the greatest increase in juvenile loans.Ex: We could then simply alter our expectations accordingly, and exult in the progress we have made.Ex: It is impatient with Juctionville for its failure to move ahead as fast as it would like and is bothered by the city's drabness and general lack of class and culture.Ex: Rather readers grow by fits and starts now rushing ahead, now lying fallow, and now moving steadily on.Ex: In its simplest statement, the prime goal of any act of education is that it should serve us in the future... takes us somewhere... let us move onwardly more easily.Ex: Now we move up the chain providing index entries for each of the potentially sought terms.Ex: The system displays the records in brief format and the user can 'page' through the matches until the required record is found.Ex: It is normally taken to indicate that the document has been revised, if a work has progressed to a second or subsequent edition.Ex: All this is not to be impulsively regretted since specialized studies can advance in no other way, but synthesis becomes increasingly important and dishearteningly more difficult.Ex: Before we proceed to look at the operators in detail, a couple of examples may help to make the layout clearer.Ex: Hoping the gentler tone and the more relaxed manner meant that her anger was abating, the young man pressed on less apprehensively.Ex: However, we have not heard the final word by any means for there are new products and improved examples of existing products coming along.Ex: Modern machines have an automatic facility for fast-forward and rewind as well as a manual control for slower, more precise location of the required information on the microfilm.Ex: LCSH has taken a further step forward with the use of computer-controlled typesetting.Ex: Low-income urban families simply do not have any use for the traditional library or indeed any motivation for self-improvement and getting ahead = Las familias urbanas con ingresos bajos simplemente no tienen la necesidad de usar la biblioteca tradicional o de hecho no sienten motivación para la superación personal y para avanzar.Ex: This article argues the need to move forward with the infotech culture without abandoning the service culture.Ex: Schucking noted that early step when a child's 'imagination awakes, without corresponding development of the critical faculty,' a step most children make before they reach school age = Schucking se percató de ese primer paso en el niño cuando "se despierta su imaginación sin el correspondiente desarrollo de la capacidad crítica", un paso que dan la mayoría de los niños antes de alcanzar la edad escolar.Ex: In the half century since the publication of McKerrow's Introduction bibliography has taken giant strides in many directions.Ex: The author maintains that, aside from increasing computational speed, and thus real-time control, musically no advances have been made.Ex: The economics journal system has not grown and developed in a structured fashion, which has resulted in overspill into report literature.Ex: As university libraries move along this continuum they will become evolutionary, non-hierarchical, entrepreneurial and horizontal.Ex: In addition, students can use the glossary to get 'unstuck' while learning.Ex: The company is pressing forward with the construction of an environment and a system that permit all employees to demonstrate their full capabilities.Ex: Kuwait is not going backwards, but definitely not moving forward.Ex: Finally six men agreed to go forth in their underclothes and nooses around their necks in hopeful expectation that their sacrifice would satisfy the king's bloodlust and he would spare the rest of the citizens.Ex: Governments are making headway in negotiations aimed at reaching an ambitious and effective global greenhouse gas reduction treaty.* a medida que + avanzar + el año = as the year + wear on.* a medida que + avanzar + el día = as the day + wear on.* avanzar a duras penas = flounder, grind on.* avanzar a toda máquina = steam ahead, go + full steam ahead.* avanzar a toda mecha = go + full steam ahead.* avanzar a toda pastilla = steam ahead, go + full steam ahead.* avanzar a todo gas = steam ahead, go + full steam ahead.* avanzar a todo meter = go + full steam ahead.* avanzar a todo vapor = steam ahead, go + full steam ahead.* avanzar a trancas y barrancas = flounder, grind on.* avanzar a un ritmo vertiginoso = proceed + at a blistering pace.* avanzar con dificultad = wade through, limp, slog along, plod (along/through).* avanzar con gran dificultad = grind on.* avanzar en + Posesivo + trabajo = advance + Posesivo + work, advance + Posesivo + work.* avanzar en una carrera profesional = further + a career.* avanzar fácilmente = coast.* avanzar gradualmente (hacia) = edge (toward(s)).* avanzar hacia = move into, move toward(s).* avanzar hacia abajo = work + Posesivo + way down.* avanzar lentamente = creep, creep along.* avanzar lenta y pesadamente = trundle.* avanzar mucho = travel + a long way down the road.* avanzar muy despacio = creep, creep along.* avanzar poco a poco = shuffle along.* avanzar poco a poco (hacia) = edge (toward(s)).* avanzar profesionalmente dentro de la institución = rise through + the ranks.* avanzar rápidamente = gallop.* avanzar viento en popa = steam ahead.* conforme + avanzar + el año = as the year + wear on.* conforme + avanzar + el día = as the day + wear on.* dar vueltas sin avanzar = go round in + circles.* hacer avanzar = nudge + Nombre + forward, push + the frontiers of, nudge + Nombre + along, nudge + Nombre + into, push + the boundaries of.* hacer avanzar el conocimiento = push back + the frontiers of knowledge.* hacer avanzar hacia = nudge + Nombre + toward.* hacer que + Nombre + avance = take + Nombre + a/one step forward.* no avanzar = tread + water.* no avanzar más = go + no further.* que avanza lentamente = crawling.* que avanza rápidamente = fast-developing.* seguir avanzando = forge + ahead, forge + forward.* tiempo + avanzar inexorablemente = time + march on.* * *avanzar [A4 ]vi1 «tropas/persona/tráfico» to advance, move forward avanzar HACIA algo:las tropas avanzan hacia la capital the troops are advancing on the capitalel país avanza hacia la democracia the country is moving o advancing toward(s) democracy2 ( Fot) «rollo» to wind on3 «persona» (en los estudios, el trabajo) to make progress; «negociaciones/proyecto» to progressno estoy avanzando mucho con este trabajo I'm not making much progress o headway o I'm not getting very far with this work4 «tiempo» to draw on■ avanzarvt1 (adelantarse) to move forward, advanceavanzaron unos pasos they moved forward o advanced a few steps, they took a few steps forward2 (mover) to move … forward, advanceavanzó un peón he moved o pushed a pawn forward, he advanced a pawn3 ‹propuesta› to put forward* * *
avanzar ( conjugate avanzar) verbo intransitivo
[negociaciones/proyecto] to progress
verbo transitivo
avanzar verbo transitivo to advance, make progress
' avanzar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
sacudida
- salto
- tantear
- adelantar
English:
advance
- come forward
- crawl
- edge
- freewheel
- go forward
- headway
- move
- move along
- pace
- proceed
- progress
- struggle along
- struggle on
- surge
- wind
- fast
- head
- hover
- inch
- lumber
- scroll
- somewhere
* * *♦ vi1. [moverse] to advance;las tropas continúan avanzando the troops are still advancing;el tráfico no avanzaba the traffic wasn't moving2. [progresar] to make progress;está avanzando mucho en sus estudios she's making very good progress with her studies;esta tecnología avanza a gran velocidad this technology is developing very quickly3. [tiempo] to pass;el tiempo avanza muy deprisa time passes very quickly;a medida que avanza el siglo as the century draws on4. [carrete] to wind on♦ vt1. [adelantar] to move forward;las tropas avanzaron sus posiciones the troops advanced their position;avanzaron varias posiciones en la clasificación de liga they moved up several places in the leagueles avanzó los resultados del estudio she informed them of the results of the study before it was published3. [carrete] to wind on* * *I v/t1 move forward, advance;avanzar un pie take a step forward2 dinero advanceII v/i2 en trabajo make progress* * *avanzar {21} v: to advance, to move forward* * *avanzar vb1. (progresar) to make progress / to get on2. (ir hacia delante) to advance / to move forward -
6 progresar
v.1 to progress, to make progress.progresar en to make progress inMi chico avanza en la escuela My boy advances in school.2 to make progress for.Nos progresó el nuevo sistema The new system made progress for us* * *1 to progress, make progress■ desde que volvió del hospital ha progresado muchísimo since he came home from hospital he's made rapid progress* * *verb* * *VI to progress, make progress* * ** * *= gain + ground, get + far, make + gains, make + progress, make + stride, move ahead, move on, progress, make + a success of, move forward, make + advances, move along, get + unstuck, move + forward, make + headway.Ex. Standardisation of formats is less developed; however UNIMARC is gaining ground as a national exchange format, whilst USMARC is also used by university and public libraries.Ex. If scientific reasoning were limited to the logical processes of arithmetic, we should not get far in our understanding of the physical world.Ex. Expenditures in public libraries in the USA rose sharply in 1988 while use continued to make modest gains, with the greatest increase in juvenile loans.Ex. We could then simply alter our expectations accordingly, and exult in the progress we have made.Ex. And in the process of preserving the past, we believe that we can make substantial strides toward the digital library framework for the future.Ex. It is impatient with Juctionville for its failure to move ahead as fast as it would like and is bothered by the city's drabness and general lack of class and culture.Ex. Rather readers grow by fits and starts now rushing ahead, now lying fallow, and now moving steadily on.Ex. It is normally taken to indicate that the document has been revised, if a work has progressed to a second or subsequent edition.Ex. As his confidence grows, he begins to make a success of his scavenging, becoming an underground entrepreneur and an explorer of the world beneath the streets.Ex. This article argues the need to move forward with the infotech culture without abandoning the service culture.Ex. The author maintains that, aside from increasing computational speed, and thus real-time control, musically no advances have been made.Ex. As university libraries move along this continuum they will become evolutionary, non-hierarchical, entrepreneurial and horizontal.Ex. In addition, students can use the glossary to get 'unstuck' while learning.Ex. Kuwait is not going backwards, but definitely not moving forward.Ex. Governments are making headway in negotiations aimed at reaching an ambitious and effective global greenhouse gas reduction treaty.----* cuanto ha progresado + Nombre = how far along + Nombre + be.* hacer progresar = nudge + Nombre + forward, nudge + Nombre + along, nudge + Nombre + into.* hacer progresar hacia = nudge + Nombre + toward.* progresar adecuadamente = progress + satisfactorily.* progresar con dificultad = thread through.* progresar en + Posesivo + trabajo = advance + Posesivo + work.* progresar satisfactoriamente = progress + satisfactorily.* seguir progresando = forge + ahead, forge + forward.* * ** * *= gain + ground, get + far, make + gains, make + progress, make + stride, move ahead, move on, progress, make + a success of, move forward, make + advances, move along, get + unstuck, move + forward, make + headway.Ex: Standardisation of formats is less developed; however UNIMARC is gaining ground as a national exchange format, whilst USMARC is also used by university and public libraries.
Ex: If scientific reasoning were limited to the logical processes of arithmetic, we should not get far in our understanding of the physical world.Ex: Expenditures in public libraries in the USA rose sharply in 1988 while use continued to make modest gains, with the greatest increase in juvenile loans.Ex: We could then simply alter our expectations accordingly, and exult in the progress we have made.Ex: And in the process of preserving the past, we believe that we can make substantial strides toward the digital library framework for the future.Ex: It is impatient with Juctionville for its failure to move ahead as fast as it would like and is bothered by the city's drabness and general lack of class and culture.Ex: Rather readers grow by fits and starts now rushing ahead, now lying fallow, and now moving steadily on.Ex: It is normally taken to indicate that the document has been revised, if a work has progressed to a second or subsequent edition.Ex: As his confidence grows, he begins to make a success of his scavenging, becoming an underground entrepreneur and an explorer of the world beneath the streets.Ex: This article argues the need to move forward with the infotech culture without abandoning the service culture.Ex: The author maintains that, aside from increasing computational speed, and thus real-time control, musically no advances have been made.Ex: As university libraries move along this continuum they will become evolutionary, non-hierarchical, entrepreneurial and horizontal.Ex: In addition, students can use the glossary to get 'unstuck' while learning.Ex: Kuwait is not going backwards, but definitely not moving forward.Ex: Governments are making headway in negotiations aimed at reaching an ambitious and effective global greenhouse gas reduction treaty.* cuanto ha progresado + Nombre = how far along + Nombre + be.* hacer progresar = nudge + Nombre + forward, nudge + Nombre + along, nudge + Nombre + into.* hacer progresar hacia = nudge + Nombre + toward.* progresar adecuadamente = progress + satisfactorily.* progresar con dificultad = thread through.* progresar en + Posesivo + trabajo = advance + Posesivo + work.* progresar satisfactoriamente = progress + satisfactorily.* seguir progresando = forge + ahead, forge + forward.* * *progresar [A1 ]vi«persona» to make progress, to progress; «negociaciones/proyecto» to progress* * *
progresar ( conjugate progresar) verbo intransitivo [ persona] to make progress, to progress;
[negociaciones/proyecto] to progress
progresar verbo intransitivo to progress, make progress
' progresar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
adelantar
- salto
English:
come along
- come on
- dyslexia
- get along
- get on
- go forward
- headway
- move on
- progress
- advance
- get
- move
* * *progresar vito progress, to make progress;progresar en to make progress in* * *v/i progress, make progress* * *progresar vi: to progress, to make progress* * *progresar vb to make progress -
7 Bibliography
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Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Bibliography
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8 Computers
The brain has been compared to a digital computer because the neuron, like a switch or valve, either does or does not complete a circuit. But at that point the similarity ends. The switch in the digital computer is constant in its effect, and its effect is large in proportion to the total output of the machine. The effect produced by the neuron varies with its recovery from [the] refractory phase and with its metabolic state. The number of neurons involved in any action runs into millions so that the influence of any one is negligible.... Any cell in the system can be dispensed with.... The brain is an analogical machine, not digital. Analysis of the integrative activities will probably have to be in statistical terms. (Lashley, quoted in Beach, Hebb, Morgan & Nissen, 1960, p. 539)It is essential to realize that a computer is not a mere "number cruncher," or supercalculating arithmetic machine, although this is how computers are commonly regarded by people having no familiarity with artificial intelligence. Computers do not crunch numbers; they manipulate symbols.... Digital computers originally developed with mathematical problems in mind, are in fact general purpose symbol manipulating machines....The terms "computer" and "computation" are themselves unfortunate, in view of their misleading arithmetical connotations. The definition of artificial intelligence previously cited-"the study of intelligence as computation"-does not imply that intelligence is really counting. Intelligence may be defined as the ability creatively to manipulate symbols, or process information, given the requirements of the task in hand. (Boden, 1981, pp. 15, 16-17)The task is to get computers to explain things to themselves, to ask questions about their experiences so as to cause those explanations to be forthcoming, and to be creative in coming up with explanations that have not been previously available. (Schank, 1986, p. 19)In What Computers Can't Do, written in 1969 (2nd edition, 1972), the main objection to AI was the impossibility of using rules to select only those facts about the real world that were relevant in a given situation. The "Introduction" to the paperback edition of the book, published by Harper & Row in 1979, pointed out further that no one had the slightest idea how to represent the common sense understanding possessed even by a four-year-old. (Dreyfus & Dreyfus, 1986, p. 102)A popular myth says that the invention of the computer diminishes our sense of ourselves, because it shows that rational thought is not special to human beings, but can be carried on by a mere machine. It is a short stop from there to the conclusion that intelligence is mechanical, which many people find to be an affront to all that is most precious and singular about their humanness.In fact, the computer, early in its career, was not an instrument of the philistines, but a humanizing influence. It helped to revive an idea that had fallen into disrepute: the idea that the mind is real, that it has an inner structure and a complex organization, and can be understood in scientific terms. For some three decades, until the 1940s, American psychology had lain in the grip of the ice age of behaviorism, which was antimental through and through. During these years, extreme behaviorists banished the study of thought from their agenda. Mind and consciousness, thinking, imagining, planning, solving problems, were dismissed as worthless for anything except speculation. Only the external aspects of behavior, the surface manifestations, were grist for the scientist's mill, because only they could be observed and measured....It is one of the surprising gifts of the computer in the history of ideas that it played a part in giving back to psychology what it had lost, which was nothing less than the mind itself. In particular, there was a revival of interest in how the mind represents the world internally to itself, by means of knowledge structures such as ideas, symbols, images, and inner narratives, all of which had been consigned to the realm of mysticism. (Campbell, 1989, p. 10)[Our artifacts] only have meaning because we give it to them; their intentionality, like that of smoke signals and writing, is essentially borrowed, hence derivative. To put it bluntly: computers themselves don't mean anything by their tokens (any more than books do)-they only mean what we say they do. Genuine understanding, on the other hand, is intentional "in its own right" and not derivatively from something else. (Haugeland, 1981a, pp. 32-33)he debate over the possibility of computer thought will never be won or lost; it will simply cease to be of interest, like the previous debate over man as a clockwork mechanism. (Bolter, 1984, p. 190)t takes us a long time to emotionally digest a new idea. The computer is too big a step, and too recently made, for us to quickly recover our balance and gauge its potential. It's an enormous accelerator, perhaps the greatest one since the plow, twelve thousand years ago. As an intelligence amplifier, it speeds up everything-including itself-and it continually improves because its heart is information or, more plainly, ideas. We can no more calculate its consequences than Babbage could have foreseen antibiotics, the Pill, or space stations.Further, the effects of those ideas are rapidly compounding, because a computer design is itself just a set of ideas. As we get better at manipulating ideas by building ever better computers, we get better at building even better computers-it's an ever-escalating upward spiral. The early nineteenth century, when the computer's story began, is already so far back that it may as well be the Stone Age. (Rawlins, 1997, p. 19)According to weak AI, the principle value of the computer in the study of the mind is that it gives us a very powerful tool. For example, it enables us to formulate and test hypotheses in a more rigorous and precise fashion than before. But according to strong AI the computer is not merely a tool in the study of the mind; rather the appropriately programmed computer really is a mind in the sense that computers given the right programs can be literally said to understand and have other cognitive states. And according to strong AI, because the programmed computer has cognitive states, the programs are not mere tools that enable us to test psychological explanations; rather, the programs are themselves the explanations. (Searle, 1981b, p. 353)What makes people smarter than machines? They certainly are not quicker or more precise. Yet people are far better at perceiving objects in natural scenes and noting their relations, at understanding language and retrieving contextually appropriate information from memory, at making plans and carrying out contextually appropriate actions, and at a wide range of other natural cognitive tasks. People are also far better at learning to do these things more accurately and fluently through processing experience.What is the basis for these differences? One answer, perhaps the classic one we might expect from artificial intelligence, is "software." If we only had the right computer program, the argument goes, we might be able to capture the fluidity and adaptability of human information processing. Certainly this answer is partially correct. There have been great breakthroughs in our understanding of cognition as a result of the development of expressive high-level computer languages and powerful algorithms. However, we do not think that software is the whole story.In our view, people are smarter than today's computers because the brain employs a basic computational architecture that is more suited to deal with a central aspect of the natural information processing tasks that people are so good at.... hese tasks generally require the simultaneous consideration of many pieces of information or constraints. Each constraint may be imperfectly specified and ambiguous, yet each can play a potentially decisive role in determining the outcome of processing. (McClelland, Rumelhart & Hinton, 1986, pp. 3-4)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Computers
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