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component+process

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121 part

part [pɑ:t]

partie ⇒ 1 (a) rôle ⇒ 1 (b) pièce ⇒ 1 (c) quartier ⇒ 1 (d) episode ⇒ 1 (e) mesure ⇒ 1 (f) s'entrouvrir ⇒ 3 (a) s'ouvrir ⇒ 3 (a) se quitter ⇒ 3 (b) entrouvrir ⇒ 4 (a) écarter ⇒ 4 (a) séparer ⇒ 4 (b)

1 noun

(a) (gen → portion, subdivision) partie f;

∎ the exam is in two parts l'examen est en deux parties;

∎ see part one, section two voir première partie, section deux;

∎ the parts of the body les parties fpl du corps;

∎ (a) part of the garden is flooded une partie du jardin est inondée;

∎ (a) part of me strongly agrees with them sur un certain plan, je suis tout à fait d'accord avec eux;

∎ that's only part of the problem ce n'est qu'un des aspects du problème;

∎ it's very much part of the game/of the process ça fait partie du jeu/du processus;

∎ it's all part of growing up c'est ce qui se passe quand on grandit;

∎ we've finished the hardest part nous avons fait le plus dur;

∎ I haven't told you the best part yet je ne t'ai pas encore dit le plus beau ou la meilleure;

∎ the best/worst part was when he started laughing le mieux/le pire ça a été quand il s'est mis à rire;

∎ in the early part of the week au début ou dans les premiers jours de la semaine;

∎ for the best or greater part of five years (to wait, last etc) presque cinq ans;

∎ the greater part of the population la plus grande partie de la population;

∎ to be (a) part of sth (be involved with) faire partie de qch;

∎ he desperately wants to be a part of her organization il veut à tout prix faire partie de son organisme;

∎ to form part of sth faire partie de qch;

∎ to be part and parcel of sth faire partie (intégrante) de qch

(b) (role) rôle m;

∎ who played the part of Hamlet? qui a joué le rôle de Hamlet?;

∎ figurative he's just playing a part il joue la comédie;

∎ to know one's part connaître son texte;

∎ work plays a large part in our lives le travail joue un rôle important dans notre vie;

∎ she played a large part in persuading the company to relocate c'est surtout elle qui a persuadé l'entreprise de se relocaliser;

∎ to take part (in sth) prendre part ou participer (à qch);

∎ she takes an active part in decision-making elle participe activement au processus de prise de décision;

∎ I had no part in that affair je n'ai joué aucun rôle dans cette affaire;

∎ he has no part in the running of the company il ne participe pas à ou il n'intervient pas dans la gestion de la société;

∎ Joe had no part in it Joe n'y était pour rien;

∎ I want no part in or of their schemes je ne veux pas être mêlé à leurs projets;

∎ to do one's part y mettre du sien;

∎ to dress the part se mettre en tenue de circonstance;

∎ to look the part avoir la tenue de circonstance;

∎ for my/his part pour ma/sa part

(c) (component → of machine) pièce f;

∎ spare parts pièces fpl détachées ou de rechange;

∎ parts and labour warranty garantie f pièces et main-d'œuvre

(d) (area → of country, town etc)

∎ which part of England are you from? vous êtes d'où en Angleterre?, de quelle région de l'Angleterre venez-vous?;

∎ in some parts of Sydney/Australia dans certains quartiers de Sydney/certaines régions de l'Australie;

∎ it's a dangerous part of town c'est un quartier dangereux;

∎ are you new to these parts? vous êtes nouveau ici?;

∎ they are not from our part of the world ils ne sont pas de chez nous;

∎ she's travelling in foreign parts elle est en voyage à l'étranger

(e) (instalment → of encyclopedia) fascicule m; (→ of serial) épisode m;

∎ don't miss part two! (of serial) ne manquez pas le deuxième épisode!; (of programme in two parts) ne manquez pas la deuxième partie!

(f) (measure) mesure f;

∎ one part of pastis and four parts of water une mesure de pastis et quatre mesures d'eau;

∎ Chemistry a concentration of six parts per million une concentration de six pour un million;

∎ the bottle was three parts empty la bouteille était aux trois quarts vide

(g) (side) parti m, part f;

∎ he always takes his mother's part il prend toujours le parti de sa mère;

∎ to take sth in good part bien prendre qch

(h) American (in hair) raie f

(i) Grammar partie f

(j) Music partie f;

∎ the vocal/violin part la partie vocale/(pour) violon;

∎ to sing in three parts chanter à trois voix

2 adverb

en partie, partiellement;

∎ the jacket is part cotton, part polyester la veste est un mélange de coton et de polyester ou un mélange coton-polyester;

∎ he's part English, part Chinese il est moitié anglais, moitié chinois;

∎ a mythical creature, part woman, part fish une créature mythique mi-femme, mi-poisson

3 intransitive verb

(a) (move apart → lips, curtains) s'entrouvrir; (→ legs) s'écarter, s'ouvrir; (→ crowd) s'ouvrir; (disengage → fighters) se séparer;

∎ the clouds parted il y eut une éclaircie

(b) (leave one another) se quitter;

∎ they parted good friends ils se sont quittés bons amis

(c) (break → rope) se casser; (tear → fabric) se déchirer

4 transitive verb

(a) (move apart, open → curtains) entrouvrir; (→ branches, legs) écarter;

∎ her lips were slightly parted ses lèvres étaient entrouvertes

(b) (separate) séparer ( from de);

∎ the children were parted from their parents les enfants ont été séparés de leurs parents;

∎ humorous he's not easily parted from his cash il ne se sépare pas facilement de son argent

(c) (hair) faire une raie à;

∎ her hair's parted in the middle elle a la raie au milieu

5 parts plural noun

(talents) talents mpl;

∎ a man/woman of many parts un homme/une femme de talent

6 for the most part adverb

dans l'ensemble;

∎ the day will be sunny for the most part la journée sera ensoleillée dans l'ensemble;

∎ for the most part we get along pretty well dans l'ensemble, nous nous entendons assez bien

7 in part adverb

en partie;

∎ it's true in part c'est en partie vrai;

∎ it's in large part true c'est en grande partie vrai;

∎ the problem stems in part from a misunderstanding le problème vient en partie d'un malentendu

8 in parts adverb

par endroits;

∎ the book is good in parts le livre est bon par endroits, certains passages du livre sont bons;

∎ in parts the text is almost illegible le texte est presque illisible par endroits

9 on the part of preposition

de la part de;

∎ it was negligence on the part of the landlord c'était une négligence de la part du propriétaire

►► Commerce part consignment expédition f partielle;

Commerce part exchange reprise f;

∎ they'll take your old TV set in part exchange ils vous font une reprise sur or ils reprennent votre ancien téléviseur;

∎ will you take it in part exchange? voulez-vous le reprendre?;

Commerce part load chargement m partiel;

part music musique f d'ensemble;

part owner copropriétaire mf;

part ownership copropriété f;

part payment acompte m, paiement m partiel;

∎ I received £500 in part payment for the car j'ai reçu un acompte de 500 livres pour la voiture;

Commerce part shipment expédition f partielle;

part singing chant m polyphonique or à plusieurs voix;

part song chant m polyphonique or à plusieurs voix;

part of speech partie f du discours;

British part work ouvrage m à fascicules;

∎ they published it as a part work ils l'ont publié sous forme de fascicules

➲ part with inseparable transitive verb

se séparer de;

∎ we'll have to part with most of the furniture nous devrons nous séparer de presque tous les meubles;

∎ he hates parting with his money il a horreur de dépenser son argent

ⓘ Reaches the parts that other beers can't reach Il s'agit du slogan d'une série de publicités pour la bière Heineken pendant les années 70 dans lesquelles la bière était censée conférer des pouvoirs spéciaux à ceux qui la consommaient. Aujourd'hui on utilise encore cette formule ("atteint les parties que les autres bières ne peuvent atteindre"), en remplaçant le mot beers par un autre pour décrire les qualités de quelque chose de façon humoristique. On dira par exemple she makes tea that reaches the parts that other tea cannot reach ("elle fait du thé vraiment excellent"), ou this tour reaches the parts of Scotland that others don't ("ce circuit touristique explore les coins d'Écosse que les autres ignorent").

Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > part
122 propellant

ракетное топливо; реактивное топливо

aniline red fuming nitric acid propellant — ракетное топливо, состоящее из анилина и красной дымящей азотной кислоты

black powder solid propellant — твёрдое ракетное топливо из чёрного пороха

condensation colloid propellant for electrostatic propulsion — конденсационное коллоидное ракетное топливо для ионных ракетных двигателей

propellant with suspended metallic powder — ракетное топливо со взвешенным металлопорошком

rolled sheet solid propellant — скатанное листовое твёрдое ракетное топливо

takeoff rocket engine propellant — ракетное топливо для стартового двигателя

uniformly burning solid propellant — равномерно горящее твёрдое ракетное топливо

— abort propellant

— acetylenic propellant

— acid-aniline propellant

— acrylic plastisol propellant

— advanced propellant

— aluminized propellant

— aluminum-hydride propellant

— ammonium-perchlorate propellant

— anergolic propellant

— autoigniting propellant

— ball process propellant

— ballistite-type propellant

— beryllium propellant

— beryllium-additive propellant

— biowaste propellant

— bi-phase propellant

— bondable propellant

— boost propellant

— boosted propellant

— booster propellant

— boost-phase propellant

— boron-loaded solid propellant

— butadiene propellant

— canned liquid propellant

— case-bonded double-base propellant

— casted propellant

— centralite stabilized propellant

— cesium propellant

— cesium-vapor propellant

— chemical propellant

— colloidal propellant

— composite propellant

— composite-modified propellant

— compounded solid propellant

— compression-molded propellant

— cool propellant

— coolant propellant

— cord propellant

— cordite propellant

— corrosive propellant

— cured propellant

— cut propellant

— deflagrating propellant

— detonable propellant

— diborane propellant

— diergolic propellants

— diluent propellant

— dimensionally stable propellant

— Domino propellant

— double-base propellant

— dry-processed propellant

— dual-layer propellant

— earth-storable propellant

— elemental propellant

— encapsulated propellant

— end-burning propellant

— energetic propellant

— entrapped propellant

— erosion-sensitive propellant

— excess propellant

— explosive propellant

— external propellant

— extruded propellant

— fast-burning propellant

— first-stage propellant

— flashless propellant

— FLOX-light hydrocarbon propellant

— fluid propellant

— fluorine propellant

— fluoro-carbon base propellant

— foamed propellant

— free-radical propellant

— frozen propellant

— fuel-rich propellant

— gas generation propellant

— gas generator propellant

— gaseous propellant

— gas-liquid propellant

— gelatinized propellant

— gelled propellant

— granular propellant

— hard propellant

— hazardous propellant

— heat-sterilizable propellant

— helium propellant

— heterogeneous propellant

— high-burning-rate propellant

— high-density propellant

— high-elasticity propellant

— high-energy propellant

— high-melting propellant

— high-performance propellant

— high-temperature propellant

— homogeneous propellant

— hot propellant

— hybrid propellant

— hydrazine propellant

— hydrogen propellant

— hydrogen-fluorine propellant

— hypercold propellant

— hypergolic propellant

— igniter propellant

— ineffective propellant

— ionic propellant

— jet propellant

— liquid hydrogen propellant

— liquid propellant

— liquid-solid propellant

— lithium-fluorine-hydrogen propellant

— low-energy propellant

— low-g propellant

— low-temperature propellant

— main propellant

— mesa-burning propellant

— mesonic propellant

— metal-containing propellant

— metallized propellant

— metal-wire reinforced propellant

— metastable propellant

— missile propellant

— mixed propellant

— mixed-phases propellant

— moderating propellant

— molded propellant

— monogaseous propellant

— multibase propellant

— multicomponent propellant

— multitubular propellant

— neutral propellant

— nitramine propellant

— nitramine-nitrocellulose propellant

— nitrate ester propellant

— nitrocellulose-base propellant

— nitrocellulose-nitroglycerine propellant

— nitrogen tetroxide-liydrazine propellant

— nitroguanidine propellant

— noncryogenic propellant

— nonexplosive propellant

— nonhomogeneous propellant

— non-self-igniting propellant

— nonspontaneously ignitable propellant

— nonstorable propellant

— nuclear propellant

— off-mixture-ratio propellant

— opposite propellant

— optimum propellant

— oxidizer-rich propellant

— oxygen difluoride-diborane propellant

— packed powder propellant

— paste-like propellant

— pelletized propellant

— perchlorate propellant

— plastic propellant

— plastisol-perchlorate propellant

— plateau-burning propellant

— platonic propellant

— pliable propellant

— polybutadiene propellant

— polybutadiene-acrylic-acid propellant

— polyether-polyurethane propellant

— polystyrene propellant

— polysulfide propellant

— polyurethane propellant

— polyurethane-ammonium perchlorate propellant

— polyvinyl-chloride plastisol propellant

— potassium-perchlorate propellant

— powerful propellant

— preliminary propellant

— premixed gaseous propellant

— pressed propellant

— pressed-powder propellant

— pressure-sensitive propellant

— pressurized propellant

— primary propellant

— pump-discharged propellant

— pure propellant

— pyrophoric propellant

— RATO engine propellant

— reaction-control-system propellant

— real-gas propellant

— recombination propellant

— remaining propellant

— residual propellant

— resin-base propellant

— restricted propellant

— rigid propellant

— rocket-englne propellant

— rubber-base propellant

— rubber-binder propellant

— rubberlike propellant

— rubbery propellant

— safe propellant

— satellite on-board propellant

— scrap propellant

— self-contained propellant

— self-igniting propellant

— semimonergolic propellant

— sheet propellant

— shock stable propellant

— shock-sensitive propellant

— simple-base propellant

— single-base propellant

— single-phase propellant

— slow-burning propellant

— slow-reacting propellants

— slurried propellant

— slurry propellant

— smokeless propellant

— soft propellant

— solid propellant

— solid-liquid propellant

— solvent extruded propellant

— solventless-extruded propellant

— solventless-processed propellant

— solvent-processed propellant

— space propellant

— space storable propellant

— spacecraft propellant

— spherically grained propellant

— spin propellant

— spontaneously-igniting propellant

— stable propellant

— star-grain propellant

— sterilizable propellant

— stick propellant

— storable propellant

— subliming propellant

— supplementary propellant

— sustain propellant

— synergetic catalyzed propellant

— synthetic propellant

— temperature-insensitive propellant

— temperature-sensitive propellant

— tetroxide-hydrazine propellant

— thermoplastic propellant

— third propellant

— thixotropic propellant

— throttleable propellant

— toxic propellant

— trapped propellant

— trichloroethylene propellant

— triple-base propellant

— two-component propellant

— unboosted propellant

— uncured propellant

— unexpended propellant

— unmixed propellants

— unrestricted propellant

— unstable propellant

— usable propellant

— vapor-jet propellant

— vernier engine propellant

— viscoelastic propellant

— volatile propellant

— wafer propellant

— work-horse propellant

— zip propellant

Englsh-Russian aviation and space dictionary > propellant
123 lead time

Ops [m1]1. in inventory control, the time between placing an order and its arrival on site. Lead time differs from delivery time in that it also includes the time required to place an order and the time it takes to inspect the goods and receive them into the appropriate store. Inventory levels can afford to be lower and orders smaller when purchasing lead times are short.

2. in new product development and manufacturing, the time required to develop a product from concept to market delivery. Lead time increases as a result of the poor sequencing of dependent activities, the lack of availability of resources, poor quality in the component parts, and poor plant layout. The technique of concurrent engineering focuses on the entire concept-to-customer process with the goal of reducing lead time. Companies can gain a competitive advantage by achieving a lead time reduction and so getting products to market faster.

Also known as cycle time

The ultimate business dictionary > lead time
124 Darby, Abraham

SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy

[br]

b. 1678 near Dudley, Worcestershire, England

d. 5 May 1717 Madely Court, Coalbrookdale, Shropshire, England

[br]

English ironmaster, inventor of the coke smelting of iron ore.

[br]

Darby's father, John, was a farmer who also worked a small forge to produce nails and other ironware needed on the farm. He was brought up in the Society of Friends, or Quakers, and this community remained important throughout his personal and working life. Darby was apprenticed to Jonathan Freeth, a malt-mill maker in Birmingham, and on completion of his apprenticeship in 1699 he took up the trade himself in Bristol. Probably in 1704, he visited Holland to study the casting of brass pots and returned to Bristol with some Dutch workers, setting up a brassworks at Baptist Mills in partnership with others. He tried substituting cast iron for brass in his castings, without success at first, but in 1707 he was granted a patent, "A new way of casting iron pots and other pot-bellied ware in sand without loam or clay". However, his business associates were unwilling to risk further funds in the experiments, so he withdrew his share of the capital and moved to Coalbrookdale in Shropshire. There, iron ore, coal, water-power and transport lay close at hand. He took a lease on an old furnace and began experimenting. The shortage and expense of charcoal, and his knowledge of the use of coke in malting, may well have led him to try using coke to smelt iron ore. The furnace was brought into blast in 1709 and records show that in the same year it was regularly producing iron, using coke instead of charcoal. The process seems to have been operating successfully by 1711 in the production of cast-iron pots and kettles, with some pig-iron destined for Bristol. Darby prospered at Coalbrookdale, employing coke smelting with consistent success, and he sought to extend his activities in the neighbourhood and in other parts of the country. However, ill health prevented him from pursuing these ventures with his previous energy. Coke smelting spread slowly in England and the continent of Europe, but without Darby's technological breakthrough the ever-increasing demand for iron for structures and machines during the Industrial Revolution simply could not have been met; it was thus an essential component of the technological progress that was to come.

Darby's eldest son, Abraham II (1711–63), entered the Coalbrookdale Company partnership in 1734 and largely assumed control of the technical side of managing the furnaces and foundry. He made a number of improvements, notably the installation of a steam engine in 1742 to pump water to an upper level in order to achieve a steady source of water-power to operate the bellows supplying the blast furnaces. When he built the Ketley and Horsehay furnaces in 1755 and 1756, these too were provided with steam engines. Abraham II's son, Abraham III (1750–89), in turn, took over the management of the Coalbrookdale works in 1768 and devoted himself to improving and extending the business. His most notable achievement was the design and construction of the famous Iron Bridge over the river Severn, the world's first iron bridge. The bridge members were cast at Coalbrookdale and the structure was erected during 1779, with a span of 100 ft (30 m) and height above the river of 40 ft (12 m). The bridge still stands, and remains a tribute to the skill and judgement of Darby and his workers.

[br]

Further Reading

A.Raistrick, 1989, Dynasty of Iron Founders, 2nd edn, Ironbridge Gorge Museum Trust (the best source for the lives of the Darbys and the work of the company).

H.R.Schubert, 1957, History of the British Iron and Steel Industry AD 430 to AD 1775, London: Routledge \& Kegan Paul.

LRD

Biographical history of technology > Darby, Abraham
125 binding

"A process by which software components and layers are linked together. When a network component is installed, the binding relationships and dependencies for the components are established. Binding allows components to communicate with each other."

الربط

English-Arabic terms dictionary > binding
126 message handler

A Component Object Model (COM) object that implements the ITranslate interface in an in-process COM object.

معالج الرسائل

English-Arabic terms dictionary > message handler
127 finite material

A method for scheduling resources that assumes that all the component materials needed for production are available when the production process starts.

مواد محدودة

English-Arabic terms dictionary > finite material
128 limited material

A method for scheduling resources that assumes that all the component materials needed for production are available when the production process starts.

مواد محدودة

English-Arabic terms dictionary > limited material

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