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1 уплотненный слой
Russian-English dictionary of construction > уплотненный слой
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2 уплотненный слой
compacted layer дорож.Русско-английский научно-технический словарь Масловского > уплотненный слой
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3 уплотнённый слой
1) Engineering: compacted mat, packed bed2) Construction: compacted layer3) Forestry: indurated layer (почвы)4) Metallurgy: packed bed (сыпучих)6) Makarov: settled bed -
4 толщина уплотнённого слоя
Construction: depth of compacted layer (напр. грунта), depth of compacted lift (бетона)Универсальный русско-английский словарь > толщина уплотнённого слоя
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5 толщина уплотненного слоя
depth of compacted layer, depth of compacted liftРусско-английский словарь по строительству и новым строительным технологиям > толщина уплотненного слоя
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6 hérisson
m1) bottoming, broken stone, compacted fill under slab, drainage bed, granular fill2) (décoration) spike (on top of a gate or wall)3) (maçonnerie) layer of hardcore, top course of bricks or stones on edge4) (nettoyage de cheminée) flue-brushDictionnaire d'ingénierie, d'architecture et de construction > hérisson
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7 qiy
v.t. to cleave, to cut, to shear; to dig or cut into; to execute well, to do a fantastic job of; to reduce, to destroy. qiyma to spare. ko’zi qiyma to be unable to bring o.s. to get rid of; to have pity on. so’zini qiy to disregard the words of. (qiydir, qiydirt, qiydirtir, qiyil, qiyish)qiy chuv ono.clamor, commotion, yelling and screaming compacted sheep pellets (which accumulates as a layer in a sheep pen and is dried and used as fuel) -
8 McAdam, John Loudon
[br]b. 21 September 1756 Ayr, Ayrshire, Scotlandd. 26 November 1836 Moffat, Dumfriesshire, Scotland[br]Scottish road builder, inventor of the macadam road surface.[br]McAdam was the son of one of the founder of the first bank in Ayr. As an infant, he nearly died in a fire which destroyed the family's house of Laywyne, in Carsphairn parish; the family then moved to Blairquhan, near Straiton. Thence he went to the parish school in Maybole, where he is said to have made a model section of a local road. In 1770, when his father died, he was sent to America where he was brought up by an uncle who was a merchant in New York. He stayed in America until the close of the revolution, becoming an agent for the sale of prizes and managing to amass a considerable fortune. He returned to Scotland where he settled at Sauchrie in Ayrshire. There he was a magistrate, Deputy-Lieutenant of the county and a road trustee, spending thirteen years there. In 1798 he moved to Falmouth in Devon, England, on his appointment as agent for revictualling of the Royal Navy in western ports.He continued the series of experiments started in Ayrshire on the construction of roads. From these he concluded that a road should be built on a raised foundation with drains formed on either side, and should be composed of a number of layers of hard stone broken into angular fragments of roughly cubical shape; the bottom layer would be larger rocks, with layers of progressively smaller rocks above, all bound together with fine gravel. This would become compacted and almost impermeable to water by the action of the traffic passing over it. In 1815 he was appointed Surveyor-General of Bristol's roads and put his theories to the test.In 1823 a Committee of the House of Commons was appointed to consider the use of "macadamized" roads in larger towns; McAdam gave evidence to this committee, and it voted to give him £10,000 for his past work. In 1827 he was appointed Surveyor-General of Roads and moved to Hoddesdon, Hertfordshire. From there he made yearly visits to Scotland and it was while returning from one of these that he died, at Moffat in the Scottish Borders. He had married twice, both times to American women; his first wife was the mother of all seven of his children.McAdam's method of road construction was much cheaper than that of Thomas Telford, and did much to ease travel and communications; it was therefore adopted by the majority of Turnpike Trusts in Britain, and the macadamization process quickly spread to other countries.[br]Bibliography1819. A Practical Essay on the Scientific Repair and Preservation of Roads.1820. Present State of Road-Making.Further ReadingR.Devereux, 1936, John Loudon McAdam: A Chapter from the History of Highways, London: Oxford University Press.IMcN -
9 водная эрозия
водная эрозия
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
water erosion
The breakdown of solid rock into smaller particles and its removal by water. As weathering, erosion is a natural geological process, but more rapid soil erosion results from poor land-use practices, leading to the loss of fertile topsoil and to the silting of dams, lakes, rivers and harbours. There are three classes of erosion by water. a) Splash erosion occurs when raindrops strike bare soil, causing it to splash, as mud, to flow into spaces in the soil and to turn the upper layer of soil into a structureless, compacted mass that dries with a hard, largely impermeable crust. b) Surface flow occurs when soil is removed with surface run-off during heavy rain. c) Channelized flow occurs when a flowing mixture of water and soil cuts a channel, which is then deepened by further scouring. A minor erosion channel is called a rill, a larger channel a gully. (Source: ALL)
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Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > водная эрозия
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