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41 PKUS
[Partai Komunis Uni Sofyet] Communist party of the Soviet Union. -
42 Cunhal, Álvaro
(Barreirinhas)(1913-2005)Leader of the Portuguese Communist Party (PCP), author, and ideologue. Álvaro Cunhai was a militant of the PCP since the 1930s and was secretary-general from 1961 to 1992. In the midst of Mikail Gorbachev's reforms and perestroika, Cunha refused to alter the PCP's orthodox commitment to the proletariat and Marxism-Leninism. Throughout a long career of participation in the PCP, Cunhal regularly held influential positions in the organization. In 1931, he joined the PCP while a law student in Lisbon and became secretary-general of the Portuguese Communist Youth/Juventude Comunista (JC) in 1935, which included membership in the PCP's central committee. He advanced to the PCP's secretariat in 1942, after playing a leading role in the reorganization of 1940-H that gave the party its present orthodox character. Cunhai dubbed himself "the adopted son of the proletariat" at the 1950 trial that sentenced him to 11 years in prison for communist activity. Because his father was a lawyer-painter-writer and Cunhai received a master's degree in law, his origins were neither peasant nor worker but petit-bourgeois. During his lifetime, he spent 13 years in prison, eight of which were in solitary confinement. On 3 January 1960, he and nine other mostly communist prisoners escaped from Peniche prison and fled the country. The party's main theoretician, Cunhal was elected secretary-general in 1961 and, along with other top leaders, directed the party from abroad while in exile.In the aftermath of the Revolution of 25 April 1974 that terminated the Estado Novo and ushered in democracy, Cunhal ended his exile and returned to Portugal. He played important roles in post-1974 political events ranging from leader of the communist offensive during the "hot summer" of 1975, positions of minister-without-portfolio in the first through fifth provisional governments, to his membership in parliament beginning in 1976.At the PCP's 14th Congress (1992), Carlos Carvalhas was elected secretary-general to replace Cunhal. Whatever official or unofficial position Cunhal held, however, automatically became an important position within the party. After stepping down as secretary-general, he was elected to head the party's National Council (eliminated in 1996). Many political observers have argued that Cunhal purposely picked a successor who could not outshine him, and it is true that Carvalhas does not have Cunhal's humanistic knowledge, lacks emotion, and is not as eloquent. Cunhai was known not only as a dynamic orator but also as an artist, novelist, and brilliant political tactician. He wrote under several pseudonyms, including Manuel Tiago, who published the well-known Até Amanhã, Camaradas, as well as the novel recently adapted for the film, Cinco Dias, Cinco Noites. Under his own name, he published as well a book on art theory entitled A Arte, O Artista E A Sociedade. He also published volumes of speeches and essays.Although he was among the most orthodox leaders of the major Western European Communist parties, Cunhal was not a puppet of the Soviet Union, as many claimed. He was not only a major leader at home, but also in the international communist movement. His orthodoxy was especially useful to the Soviets in their struggle to maintain cohesion in a movement threatened by division from the Eurocommunists in the 1970s. To conclude that Cunhal was a Soviet puppet is to ignore his independent decisions during the Revolution of 25 April 1974. At that time, the Soviets reportedly tried to slowCunhal's revolutionary drive because it ran counter to detente and other Soviet strategies.In many ways Cunhal's views were locked in the past. His perception and analyses of modern Portuguese revolutionary conditions did not alter radically from his experiences and analyses of revolutionary conditions in the 1940s. To Cunhal, although some conditions had changed, requiring tactical shifts, the major conflict was the same one that led to the creation of the Communist Information Bureau (Cominform) in 1947. The world was still divided into two camps: American and Western imperialism on one side, and socialism, with its goal to achieve the fullest of democracies, on the other. Cunhal continued to believe that Marxism-Leninism and scientific socialism provide the solutions to resolving the problems of the world until his death in 2005. -
43 ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИЕ ТЕРМИНЫ
@СНГ @Содружество Независимых Государств CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States) @Российская Федерация Russian Federation @ автономная республика autonomous Republic @область oblast' (region) @район region ( also city district) @округ national territory/territorial district @край territory, region, district @город федерального подчинения federal city @Президент President @Канцелярия Президента President's Office @Генеральный Секретарь - General Secretary (of Soviet Communist Party);- Secretary-General (for leading official of the United Nations and of other international organizations)@зампред deputy chairman, vice-chairman, vice-premier @министр minister, @замминистра deputy minister @Премьер-министр @председатель правительства Prime Minister, Premier @Съезд Народных Депутатов Congress of People's Deputies @Федеральное Собрание Federal Assembly @Совет Федерации Federation Council (upper house of Parliament) @Государственная Дума State Duma (lower house of Parliament) @созвать Думу to convene the Duma @распустить Думу to disband the Duma @депутатская неприкосновенность immunity of the deputies @фракция faction @КПРФ @Коммунистическая партия Российской Федерации Communist Party of the Russian Federation (CPRF) @ЛДПР @Либерально-демократическая партия России RLDP (Russian Liberal-Democratic Party) @Наш дом — Россия "Our Home is Russia" @Аграрная депутатская группа Agrarian Deputy Group @Депутатская группа «Народовластие» The "People's Power" Deputy Group @Яблоко "Yabloko" @райсовет Regional Council @горсовет City Council @горисполком @городской исполнительный комитет City Executive Committee @народный суд People's court @народные заседатели People's assessors @Верховный суд Supreme Court @Конституционный суд Constitutional Court @Высший арбитражный суд Court of Final Arbitration @Прокуратура Public Prosecutor's Office @Генеральная прокуратура Prosecutor General's Office @прокурор prosecutor, Public Prosecutor @Министр юстиции США @Генеральный прокурор США Attorney General @Госплан @Госкомитет по планированию State Planning Committee @Министерство высшего и среднего образования Ministry of Higher and Secondary Education @Министерство тяжелой промышленности Ministry of Heavy Industry @Министерство обороны @МО Ministry of Defense @Министерство иностранных дел @МИД Ministry of Foreign Affairs @Министерство связи Ministry of Communications @Министерство внутренних дел Ministry of Internal Affairs @Министерство охраны окружающей среды и природных ресурсов Ministry for Environmental Protection and Natural Resources @Министр США Secretary (e.g. Secretary of State - ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИЕ ТЕРМИНЫ иностранных дел) @Министр обороны Secretary of Defense @Федеральная служба безопасности @ФСБ State Security Service @государственные деятели statesmen/government officials @мэр mayor @мэрия mayor's office @Госсекретарь США Secretary of State (US) @палата представителей США Congress (US) @сенат Senate @Спикер Speaker of the House @секретарь партийной фракции whip @законодательные органы legislative bodies @исполнительные власти the executive branch, executive authorities @судебные власти the judiciary, judicial branch, authorities @центральная избирательная комиссия Central electoral commission @всеобщее избирательное право universal suffrage @баллотироваться to run for office @переизбираться to run for office again @лидировать to be in the lead, to play a leading role @финишировать to finish, end up @избиратели voters @избирательный округ electoral district @повторное голосование runoff election @повторные выборы repeat elections @Досрочные выборы early elections @выдвижение кандидатов nomination of candidates @предвыборная кампания electoral campaign @урна ballot box @бюллетень ballot @сдержки и противовесы checks and balances @вести переговоры to conduct negotiations @присоединение к договору accession to a treaty @наложить санкции impose sanctions @снять санкции lift sanctions @приостановить санкции suspend sanctions @МОП @Меморандум о понимании MOU (Memorandum of Understanding) @большая семерка G-7 @ОБСЕ @Организация по безопасности и сотрудничеству в Европе OSCE (Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe) @ЕС @Европейский Союз EU (European Union) @Словарь переводчика-синхрониста (русско-английский) > ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИЕ ТЕРМИНЫ
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44 ברז'נייב
n. Brezhnev, Leonid Brezhnev (1906-82) Soviet leader and statesman, president of the Soviet Union (1960-64, 1977-82), first secretary of the Communist Party -
45 ליאוניד ברז'נייב
Leonid Brezhnev (1906-1982), Soviet leader and statesman, president of the Soviet Union (1960-1964, 1977-1982), first secretary of the Communist Party -
46 볼셰비키
n. Bolshevik, member of the Social Democratic party in Russia (from 1903-17); member of the Russian Communist party (in the former Soviet Union) -
47 bolsjewiek
n. Bolshevik, member of the Social Democratic party in Russia (from 1903-17); member of the Russian Communist party (in the former Soviet Union) -
48 Н-1
БИТЬ/ЗАБИТЬУДАРЯТЬ/УДАРИТЬ) В НАБАТ litБИТЬ НАБАТ obs VP subj: human often infin with надо or imperto draw general attention persistently to sth. alarming, to impending dangerX бьет в набат — X sounds (raises) the alarm.Считая себя обязанным уберечь Россию от всеобщей, как он выражался устно, евреизации, а письменно - сионизации, Васька бил в набат, писал письма в ЦК КПСС, в Президиум Верховного Совета СССР, в Союз писателей, в Академию наук и в газеты (Войнович 6). Considering it his moral obligation to guard Russia from what he referred to in private as universal Hebraiza-tion (but in print, Zionization), Vaska sounded the alarm. He wrote letters to the Communist Party Central Committee, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the Writer's Union, the Academy of Sciences, and the newspapers (6a). -
49 бить в набат
• БИТЬ/ЗАБИТЬ <УДАРЯТЬ/УДАРИТЬ> В НАБАТ lit; БИТЬ НАБАТ obs[VP; subj: human; often infin with надо or imper]=====⇒ to draw general attention persistently to sth. alarming, to impending danger:- X бьет в набат≈ X sounds (raises) the alarm.♦ Считая себя обязанным уберечь Россию от всеобщей, как он выражался устно, евреизации, а письменно - сионизации, Васька бил в набат, писал письма в ЦК КПСС, в Президиум Верховного Совета СССР, в Союз писателей, в Академию наук и в газеты (Войнович 6). Considering it his moral obligation to guard Russia from what he referred to in private as universal Hebraization (but in print, Zionization), Vaska sounded the alarm. He wrote letters to the Communist Party Central Committee, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the Writer's Union, the Academy of Sciences, and the newspapers (6a).Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > бить в набат
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50 бить набат
• БИТЬ/ЗАБИТЬ <УДАРЯТЬ/УДАРИТЬ> В НАБАТ lit; БИТЬ НАБАТ obs[VP; subj: human; often infin with надо or imper]=====⇒ to draw general attention persistently to sth. alarming, to impending danger:- X бьет в набат≈ X sounds (raises) the alarm.♦ Считая себя обязанным уберечь Россию от всеобщей, как он выражался устно, евреизации, а письменно - сионизации, Васька бил в набат, писал письма в ЦК КПСС, в Президиум Верховного Совета СССР, в Союз писателей, в Академию наук и в газеты (Войнович 6). Considering it his moral obligation to guard Russia from what he referred to in private as universal Hebraization (but in print, Zionization), Vaska sounded the alarm. He wrote letters to the Communist Party Central Committee, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the Writer's Union, the Academy of Sciences, and the newspapers (6a).Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > бить набат
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51 забить в набат
• БИТЬ/ЗАБИТЬ <УДАРЯТЬ/УДАРИТЬ> В НАБАТ lit; БИТЬ НАБАТ obs[VP; subj: human; often infin with надо or imper]=====⇒ to draw general attention persistently to sth. alarming, to impending danger:- X бьет в набат≈ X sounds (raises) the alarm.♦ Считая себя обязанным уберечь Россию от всеобщей, как он выражался устно, евреизации, а письменно - сионизации, Васька бил в набат, писал письма в ЦК КПСС, в Президиум Верховного Совета СССР, в Союз писателей, в Академию наук и в газеты (Войнович 6). Considering it his moral obligation to guard Russia from what he referred to in private as universal Hebraization (but in print, Zionization), Vaska sounded the alarm. He wrote letters to the Communist Party Central Committee, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the Writer's Union, the Academy of Sciences, and the newspapers (6a).Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > забить в набат
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52 ударить в набат
• БИТЬ/ЗАБИТЬ <УДАРЯТЬ/УДАРИТЬ> В НАБАТ lit; БИТЬ НАБАТ obs[VP; subj: human; often infin with надо or imper]=====⇒ to draw general attention persistently to sth. alarming, to impending danger:- X бьет в набат≈ X sounds (raises) the alarm.♦ Считая себя обязанным уберечь Россию от всеобщей, как он выражался устно, евреизации, а письменно - сионизации, Васька бил в набат, писал письма в ЦК КПСС, в Президиум Верховного Совета СССР, в Союз писателей, в Академию наук и в газеты (Войнович 6). Considering it his moral obligation to guard Russia from what he referred to in private as universal Hebraization (but in print, Zionization), Vaska sounded the alarm. He wrote letters to the Communist Party Central Committee, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the Writer's Union, the Academy of Sciences, and the newspapers (6a).Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > ударить в набат
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53 ударять в набат
• БИТЬ/ЗАБИТЬ <УДАРЯТЬ/УДАРИТЬ> В НАБАТ lit; БИТЬ НАБАТ obs[VP; subj: human; often infin with надо or imper]=====⇒ to draw general attention persistently to sth. alarming, to impending danger:- X бьет в набат≈ X sounds (raises) the alarm.♦ Считая себя обязанным уберечь Россию от всеобщей, как он выражался устно, евреизации, а письменно - сионизации, Васька бил в набат, писал письма в ЦК КПСС, в Президиум Верховного Совета СССР, в Союз писателей, в Академию наук и в газеты (Войнович 6). Considering it his moral obligation to guard Russia from what he referred to in private as universal Hebraization (but in print, Zionization), Vaska sounded the alarm. He wrote letters to the Communist Party Central Committee, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the Writer's Union, the Academy of Sciences, and the newspapers (6a).Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > ударять в набат
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