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common-use+circuit

  • 1 длительный допустимый ток

    1. Strombelastbarkeit, f
    2. Dauerstrombelastbarkeit, f

     

    (длительный) допустимый ток
    Максимальное значение электрического тока, который может протекать длительно по проводнику, устройству или аппарату при определенных условиях без превышения определенного значения их температуры в установившемся режиме
    [ ГОСТ Р МЭК 60050-826-2009]

    Этот ток обозначают IZ
    [ ГОСТ Р 50571. 1-2009 ( МЭК 60364-1: 2005)]

    EN

    (continuous) current-carrying capacity
    ampacity (US)
    maximum value of electric current which can be carried continuously by a conductor, a device or an apparatus, under specified conditions without its steady-state temperature exceeding a specified value
    [IEV number 826-11-13]

    ampacity
    The current in amperes that a conductor can carry continuously under the conditions of use without exceeding its temperature rating.
    [National Electrical Cod]

    FR

    courant (permanent) admissible, m
    valeur maximale du courant électrique qui peut parcourir en permanence, un conducteur, un dispositif ou un appareil, sans que sa température de régime permanent, dans des conditions données, soit supérieure à la valeur spécifiée
    [IEV number 826-11-13]

    Ampacity, the term is defined as the maximum amount of current a cable can carry before sustaining immediate or progressive deterioration. Also described as current rating or current-carrying capacity, is the RMS electric current which a device can continuously carry while remaining within its temperature rating. The ampacity of a cable depends on:

    • its insulation temperature rating;
    • conductor electrical properties for current;
    • frequency, in the case of alternating currents;
    • ability to dissipate heat, which depends on cable geometry and its surroundings;
    • ambient temperature.

    Electric wires have some resistance, and electric current flowing through them causes voltage drop and power dissipation, which heats the cable. Copper or aluminum can conduct a large amount of current before melting, but long before the conductors melt, their insulation would be damaged by the heat.

    The ampacity for a power cable is thus based on physical and electrical properties of the material & construction of the conductor and of its insulation, ambient temperature, and environmental conditions adjacent to the cable. Having a large overall surface area may dissipate heat well if the environment can absorb the heat.

    In a long run of cable, different conditions govern, and installation regulations normally specify that the most severe condition along the run governs the cable's rating. Cables run in wet or oily locations may carry a lower temperature rating than in a dry installation. Derating is necessary for multiple circuits in close proximity. When multiple cables are near, each contributes heat to the others and diminishes the amount of cooling air that can flow past the individual cables. The overall ampacity of the insulated conductors in a bundle of more than 3 must be derated, whether in a raceway or cable. Usually the de-rating factor is tabulated in a nation's wiring regulations.

    Depending on the type of insulating material, common maximum allowable temperatures at the surface of the conductor are 60, 75 and 90 degrees Celsius, often with an ambient air temperature of 30°C. In the U.S., 105°C is allowed with ambient of 40°C, for larger power cables, especially those operating at more than 2 kV. Likewise, specific insulations are rated 150, 200 or 250°C.

    The allowed current in cables generally needs to be decreased (derated) when the cable is covered with fireproofing material.

    For example, the United States National Electric Code, Table 310-16, specifies that up to three 8 AWG copper wires having a common insulating material (THWN) in a raceway, cable, or direct burial has an ampacity of 50 A when the ambient air is 30°C, the conductor surface temperature allowed to be 75°C. A single insulated conductor in air has 70 A rating.

    Ampacity rating is normally for continuous current, and short periods of overcurrent occur without harm in most cabling systems. The acceptable magnitude and duration of overcurrent is a more complex topic than ampacity.

    When designing an electrical system, one will normally need to know the current rating for the following:

    Some devices are limited by power rating, and when this power rating occurs below their current limit, it is not necessary to know the current limit to design a system. A common example of this is lightbulb holders.

    [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampacity]

    Тематики

    • электротехника, основные понятия

    Синонимы

    EN

    DE

    • Dauerstrombelastbarkeit, f
    • Strombelastbarkeit, f

    FR

    • courant admissible, m
    • courant permanent admissible, m

    Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > длительный допустимый ток

  • 2 IT

    IT
    1. IT [ˌaɪʼti:] n
    no pl comput abbrev of Information Technology IT f, Informationstechnologie f
    2. it [ɪt] pron
    1) ( thing) es;
    see my car over there? - \IT's brand new siehst du mein Auto da drüben? - es ist brandneu;
    fear grows - \IT obsesses you - you can't ignore \IT die Angst wächst - sie umfängt dich - du kannst sie nicht ignorieren;
    the computer hasn't broken down, has \IT? der Computer ist nicht kaputt, oder?;
    a room with two beds in \IT ein Raum mit zwei Betten darin;
    ( of unspecified sex) er, sie, es;
    she was holding the baby, cradling \IT and smiling into its face sie hielt das Baby, wiegte es und lächelte es an
    2) ( activity) es;
    have you gone windsurfing before? \IT's a lot of fun warst du schon früher Windsurfen? es macht großen Spaß;
    stop \IT - you're hurting me hör auf [damit] - du tust mir weh;
    to be at \IT an etw dat sein;
    that prank caller is at \IT again ich habe heute mehrere seltsame Anrufe bekommen - ich glaube, dieser Juxanrufer hat wieder angefangen;
    we heard some terrible music coming from the Smith's - I guess Mr Smith is at \IT again with the drums wir hörten grauenhafte Musik von den Smiths kommen - ich glaube, Mr. Smith ist wieder an den Trommeln
    3) (in time phrases: time, past dates) es;
    (day, date) heute;
    \IT's three o'clock es ist drei Uhr;
    what time is \IT? wie spät ist es?;
    \IT was Wednesday before I remembered that my birthday had been that Monday es war Mittwoch, bevor ich daran dachte, dass am Montag mein Geburtstag gewesen war;
    \IT's the fifth of March heute ist der fünfte März;
    what day/date is \IT? welcher Tag/welches Datum ist heute?
    \IT rained all day es regnete den ganzen Tag;
    \IT's cold - take a jacket es ist kalt - nimm eine Jacke mit;
    \IT gets dark so early these days es wird jetzt so früh finster
    how far is \IT to New Orleans? wie weit ist es bis New Orleans?;
    \IT's 10 miles until we're home bis nach Hause sind es 10 Meilen;
    \IT's just 15 minutes before we'll be there wir sind in nur 15 Minuten da;
    \IT's a day's walk to get to the town from the farm die Stadt liegt einen Tagesmarsch von dem Bauernhaus entfernt
    \IT is... to do sth;
    \IT isn't easy to find a cheap flat es ist nicht leicht, eine billige Wohnung zu finden;
    \IT's common to have that problem dieses Problem ist weit verbreitet;
    \IT is... doing sth;
    \IT's no use knocking, she can't hear you Klopfen hat keinen Sinn, sie hört dich nicht;
    \IT's pointless trying to talk to them when they're in that mood es ist sinnlos, mit ihnen zu sprechen zu versuchen, wenn sie in dieser Stimmung sind;
    \IT's nice having breakfast out on the balcony es ist angenehm, am Balkon zu frühstücken;
    \IT is... [that]...;
    \IT's unlikely that she will arrive on time es ist unwahrscheinlich, dass sie rechtzeitig kommt;
    \IT's true I don't like Sarah es stimmt, ich mag Sarah nicht;
    \IT's important that you should see a doctor du solltest unbedingt zu einem Arzt gehen;
    \IT's a shame I can't come es ist schade, dass ich nicht kommen kann;
    \IT is... + wh- word
    \IT's interesting how often she talks to him es ist interessant, wie oft sie mit ihm spricht object
    to find \IT... doing/ to do sth es... finden, etw zu tun;
    I find \IT difficult having two jobs ich finde es schwierig, zwei Jobs zu haben;
    I found \IT impossible to get to sleep last night ich konnte letzte Nacht einfach nicht einschlafen;
    to like \IT... when... es mögen... wenn...;
    I like \IT in the autumn when the weather is crisp and bright ich mag den Herbst, wenn das Wetter frisch und klar ist;
    to think \IT... that... es... finden, dass...;
    he thought \IT strange that she refused to talk to him er fand es seltsam, dass sie sich weigerte, mit ihm zu sprechen
    7) (form: in passive sentences with verbs of opinion, attitude) man;
    \IT is... that...;
    \IT is thought that he tried to contact his family on Friday man nimmt an, dass er am Freitag versuchte, seine Familie zu kontaktieren;
    \IT is said that she has left the country es heißt, dass sie das Land verlassen hat;
    8)( emph)
    \IT is... who/that...[, not...];
    \IT was Paul who came here in September, not Bob Paul kam im September, nicht Bob;
    \IT was in Paris where we met, not in Marseilles wir trafen uns in Paris, nicht in Marseilles
    9) ( situation) es;
    \IT appears that we have lost mir scheint, wir haben verloren;
    \IT looks unlikely that we shall get the order es ist unwahrscheinlich, dass wir den Auftrag bekommen;
    \IT sounds an absolutely awful situation das klingt nach einer schrecklichen Situation;
    \IT takes [me] an hour to get dressed in the morning ich brauche morgens eine Stunde, um mich anzuziehen;
    if you wait \IT out,... wenn du nur lange genug wartest,...;
    if \IT's convenient wenn es Ihnen/dir passt;
    they made a mess of \IT sie versauten es (sl)
    we had a hard time of \IT during the drought während der Dürre hatten wir es schwer
    that's absolutely \IT - what a great find! das ist genau das - ein toller Fund!;
    that's \IT! das ist es!;
    to think one is \IT sich akk für den Größten/die Größte halten
    to be in for \IT Probleme haben;
    to get \IT Probleme kriegen;
    that's not \IT das ist es nicht;
    do you think there was a short circuit? - no, that's not \IT glaubst du, es war ein Kurzschluss? - nein, das ist es nicht
    that's [or this is] \IT das war's;
    this is \IT, I'm going das war's, ich gehe
    to be \IT dran sein;
    so, John's \IT first John ist als erster dran
    14) (fam: sex) es;
    to do \IT es treiben
    PHRASES:
    go for \IT! ran mit dir!;
    go for \IT, girl! du schaffst es, Mädchen!;
    to have \IT in for sb es auf jdn abgesehen haben;
    this is \IT jetzt geht's los;
    to run for \IT davonlaufen;
    use \IT or lose \IT (\IT or lose \IT) wer rastet, der rostet;
    that's [or this is] \IT das ist der Punkt

    English-German students dictionary > IT

  • 3 it

    IT
    1. IT [ˌaɪʼti:] n
    no pl comput abbrev of Information Technology IT f, Informationstechnologie f
    2. it [ɪt] pron
    1) ( thing) es;
    see my car over there? - \it's brand new siehst du mein Auto da drüben? - es ist brandneu;
    fear grows - \it obsesses you - you can't ignore \it die Angst wächst - sie umfängt dich - du kannst sie nicht ignorieren;
    the computer hasn't broken down, has \it? der Computer ist nicht kaputt, oder?;
    a room with two beds in \it ein Raum mit zwei Betten darin;
    ( of unspecified sex) er, sie, es;
    she was holding the baby, cradling \it and smiling into its face sie hielt das Baby, wiegte es und lächelte es an
    2) ( activity) es;
    have you gone windsurfing before? \it's a lot of fun warst du schon früher Windsurfen? es macht großen Spaß;
    stop \it - you're hurting me hör auf [damit] - du tust mir weh;
    to be at \it an etw dat sein;
    that prank caller is at \it again ich habe heute mehrere seltsame Anrufe bekommen - ich glaube, dieser Juxanrufer hat wieder angefangen;
    we heard some terrible music coming from the Smith's - I guess Mr Smith is at \it again with the drums wir hörten grauenhafte Musik von den Smiths kommen - ich glaube, Mr. Smith ist wieder an den Trommeln
    3) (in time phrases: time, past dates) es;
    (day, date) heute;
    \it's three o'clock es ist drei Uhr;
    what time is \it? wie spät ist es?;
    \it was Wednesday before I remembered that my birthday had been that Monday es war Mittwoch, bevor ich daran dachte, dass am Montag mein Geburtstag gewesen war;
    \it's the fifth of March heute ist der fünfte März;
    what day/date is \it? welcher Tag/welches Datum ist heute?
    \it rained all day es regnete den ganzen Tag;
    \it's cold - take a jacket es ist kalt - nimm eine Jacke mit;
    \it gets dark so early these days es wird jetzt so früh finster
    how far is \it to New Orleans? wie weit ist es bis New Orleans?;
    \it's 10 miles until we're home bis nach Hause sind es 10 Meilen;
    \it's just 15 minutes before we'll be there wir sind in nur 15 Minuten da;
    \it's a day's walk to get to the town from the farm die Stadt liegt einen Tagesmarsch von dem Bauernhaus entfernt
    \it is... to do sth;
    \it isn't easy to find a cheap flat es ist nicht leicht, eine billige Wohnung zu finden;
    \it's common to have that problem dieses Problem ist weit verbreitet;
    \it is... doing sth;
    \it's no use knocking, she can't hear you Klopfen hat keinen Sinn, sie hört dich nicht;
    \it's pointless trying to talk to them when they're in that mood es ist sinnlos, mit ihnen zu sprechen zu versuchen, wenn sie in dieser Stimmung sind;
    \it's nice having breakfast out on the balcony es ist angenehm, am Balkon zu frühstücken;
    \it is... [that]...;
    \it's unlikely that she will arrive on time es ist unwahrscheinlich, dass sie rechtzeitig kommt;
    \it's true I don't like Sarah es stimmt, ich mag Sarah nicht;
    \it's important that you should see a doctor du solltest unbedingt zu einem Arzt gehen;
    \it's a shame I can't come es ist schade, dass ich nicht kommen kann;
    \it is... + wh- word
    \it's interesting how often she talks to him es ist interessant, wie oft sie mit ihm spricht object
    to find \it... doing/ to do sth es... finden, etw zu tun;
    I find \it difficult having two jobs ich finde es schwierig, zwei Jobs zu haben;
    I found \it impossible to get to sleep last night ich konnte letzte Nacht einfach nicht einschlafen;
    to like \it... when... es mögen... wenn...;
    I like \it in the autumn when the weather is crisp and bright ich mag den Herbst, wenn das Wetter frisch und klar ist;
    to think \it... that... es... finden, dass...;
    he thought \it strange that she refused to talk to him er fand es seltsam, dass sie sich weigerte, mit ihm zu sprechen
    7) (form: in passive sentences with verbs of opinion, attitude) man;
    \it is... that...;
    \it is thought that he tried to contact his family on Friday man nimmt an, dass er am Freitag versuchte, seine Familie zu kontaktieren;
    \it is said that she has left the country es heißt, dass sie das Land verlassen hat;
    8)( emph)
    \it is... who/that...[, not...];
    \it was Paul who came here in September, not Bob Paul kam im September, nicht Bob;
    \it was in Paris where we met, not in Marseilles wir trafen uns in Paris, nicht in Marseilles
    9) ( situation) es;
    \it appears that we have lost mir scheint, wir haben verloren;
    \it looks unlikely that we shall get the order es ist unwahrscheinlich, dass wir den Auftrag bekommen;
    \it sounds an absolutely awful situation das klingt nach einer schrecklichen Situation;
    \it takes [me] an hour to get dressed in the morning ich brauche morgens eine Stunde, um mich anzuziehen;
    if you wait \it out,... wenn du nur lange genug wartest,...;
    if \it's convenient wenn es Ihnen/dir passt;
    they made a mess of \it sie versauten es (sl)
    we had a hard time of \it during the drought während der Dürre hatten wir es schwer
    that's absolutely \it - what a great find! das ist genau das - ein toller Fund!;
    that's \it! das ist es!;
    to think one is \it sich akk für den Größten/die Größte halten
    to be in for \it Probleme haben;
    to get \it Probleme kriegen;
    that's not \it das ist es nicht;
    do you think there was a short circuit? - no, that's not \it glaubst du, es war ein Kurzschluss? - nein, das ist es nicht
    that's [or this is] \it das war's;
    this is \it, I'm going das war's, ich gehe
    to be \it dran sein;
    so, John's \it first John ist als erster dran
    14) (fam: sex) es;
    to do \it es treiben
    PHRASES:
    go for \it! ran mit dir!;
    go for \it, girl! du schaffst es, Mädchen!;
    to have \it in for sb es auf jdn abgesehen haben;
    this is \it jetzt geht's los;
    to run for \it davonlaufen;
    use \it or lose \it (\it or lose \it) wer rastet, der rostet;
    that's [or this is] \it das ist der Punkt

    English-German students dictionary > it

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