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1 погрешать
(против чего-л.)
sin (against), commit a sin (against), err (against)* * *погрешать; погрешить sin, commit a sin, err -
2 погрешать
погрешить (против)sin (against), commit a sin (against), err (against) -
3 погрішати
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4 погрешить
сов.1) разг. ( немного) sin2) книжн. (про́тив; нарушать, не соблюдать) commit a sin (against), err (against)погреши́ть про́тив и́стины — be wrong / mistaken; deviate / digress from the truth
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5 закон
сущ.law; legislation; legislative act; statuteаннулировать (отменять) закон — to abrogate (annul, cancel, nullify, repeal, reverse, revoke) a law
вводить закон в действие — to enact (implement) a law; carry (put) a law into effect
издавать законы — to issue (make) laws; legislate
исполнять требования закона — to carry out (fulfil, implement) the requirements of a law
нарушать (преступать) закон — to abuse (break, contravene, defy, infringe, offend, transgress, violate) a law; be (find oneself) in trouble with a law
обходить закон — to circumvent (evade, go beyond) a law
отменять (аннулировать) закон — to abrogate (annul, cancel, nullify, repeal, reverse, revoke) a law
пренебрегать законом — to defy (dispense with, disregard, ignore) a law
преследовать по закону — ( в судебном порядке) to prosecute (sue) at law
применять закон — to apply (enforce, execute) a law
принимать закон — to adopt (enact, pass) a law
проводить законы в жизнь — to apply (enforce, execute) laws
противоречить закону — to conflict with (contradict, run counter to) a law
соблюдать закон — to abide by (adhere to, comply with) a law; honour (keep, observe) a law
ссылаться на закон — to invoke (the power of) law; plead a statute
в нарушение закона — in contravention (defiance, violation) of law
в предусмотренном (установленном) законом порядке — as established (provided for, stipulated) by law; in the manner prescribed by law
в силу закона — by operation of law; in virtue of law
в соответствии с законом — according to (the) law; in accordance (compliance, conformity) with (the) law; under the law
на основании закона — based on law; on the basis of law
по закону — by (in) law; under the law
издание законов — lawmaking; legislation
нарушение закона — abuse (breach) of a law; contravention (defiance, infringement) of a law; delict; law-breaking; offence against a law; transgression (violation) of a law
наследование по закону — hereditary (intestate) succession; succession by operation of (in virtue of) law
обратная сила закона — retroactivity of a law; retroactive (retrospective) effect (force) of a law
предусмотренный законом — legally provided; provided for (prescribed, stipulated) by law; statutory
приверженность закону (букве закона) — legalism; legality
применение закона (проведение закона в жизнь) — application (enforcement, execution) of a law; law-enforcement
проект закона — ( законопроект) bill; draft law
свод законов — code of laws; compiled (consolidated) laws (statutes); law-book; statute at large; statute book (roll); лат corpus juris
соблюдение закона — adherence to (compliance with, observance of) a law
закон, действующий в настоящее время — current (effective, existing, working) law (statute); operative (standing) law; law (statute) in effect (in force); law for the time being
закон, действующий в пределах штата — state-wide law
закон места заключения договора, закон места совершения договора — лат lex loci contractus
закон места совершения преступления, закон места совершения правонарушения — лат lex loci delicti commissi
закон, не применимый в принудительном порядке — unenforceable law
закон, предоставляющий средства судебной защиты — remedial law (statute)
закон, применимый в принудительном порядке — enforceable law
- закон домицилязакон, устанавливающий абсолютную ответственность — no-fault law
- закон, имеющий обратную силу
- закон, который не соблюдается
- закон места нахождения имущества
- закон места совершения действия
- закон наследования
- закон об авторском праве
- закон об адвокатуре
- закон об арбитраже
- закон об изобретениях
- закон об исковой давности
- закон об обеспечении занятости
- закон об открытиях
- закон об охране окружающей среды
- закон об охране труда
- закон о бюджетных ассигнованиях
- закон о гражданстве
- закон о налоговом обложении
- закон о несовершеннолетних
- закон о патентах
- закон о предпринимательстве
- закон о промышленных образцах
- закон о страховании
- закон о товарных знаках
- закон о труде
- закон прибавочной стоимости
- закон, принятый парламентом
- закон силы
- закон с истекающим сроком действия
- закон с обратной силой
- закон спроса и предложения
- закон флага
- законы и обычаи ведения войны
- законы и постановления
- законы конгресса
- законы общественного развития
- антитрестовский закон
- брачный закон
- внутренний закон
- гарантируемый законом
- гражданский закон
- действующий закон
- дискриминирующий закон
- единообразный закон
- жёсткий закон
- запретительный закон
- запрещённый законом
- зарегистрированный закон
- избирательный закон
- имеющий силу закона
- иммиграционный закон
- конституционный закон
- личный закон юридического лица
- наказуемый по закону
- нарушенный закон
- недействующий закон
- неопубликованный закон
- не подпадающий под действие закона
- непреложный закон
- нравственный закон
- обнародованный закон
- общий закон
- опубликованный закон
- основной закон
- охраняемый законом
- предусмотренный законом
- прежний закон
- применимый закон
- принятый закон
- разрешающий закон
- релевантный закон
- специальный закон
- справедливый закон
- строгий закон
- тарифный закон
- требующийся по закону
- уголовный закон
- управомоченный по закону
- установленный законом
- устаревший закон
- федеральный закон
- федеральный конституционный закон
- частный закон
- чрезвычайный закон -
6 погрешить против
Makarov: commit a sin against, err against -
7 преступить законы морали
Makarov: commit a sin against moralsУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > преступить законы морали
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8 преступить законы хорошего вкуса
Makarov: commit a sin against good tasteУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > преступить законы хорошего вкуса
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9 мораль
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10 мораль
1. morality2. moralizing3. morals; morality; moral; lecture; lecturingсомнительная мораль; низкие нравы — back-alley morals
4. moralСинонимический ряд:1. нравственность (сущ.) морально-этические нормы; моральный кодекс; нравственность; этика; этику; этические нормы2. поучение (сущ.) назидание; наставление; нотацию; нотация; нравоучение; поучение; проповедь; урок -
11 мораль
сомнительная мораль; низкие нравы — back-alley morals
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12 peccare
sinpeccare di be guilty of* * *peccare v. intr.1 ( commettere un peccato) to sin: hanno peccato contro Dio, they have sinned against God; peccare d'avarizia, di gola, to commit the sin of avarice, of greed; peccare mortalmente, to commit mortal sin; peccare di superbia, to commit the sin (o to be guilty) of pride; peccare contro uno dei comandamenti, to break one of the Commandments; peccare di ingratitudine, di leggerezza, to be guilty of ingratitude, of levity; peccare di presunzione, to be overpresumptuous // peccare di modestia, to be too modest // peccare per difetto, to fall short of what is required; peccare per eccesso, to exceed what is required2 ( essere manchevole, difettoso) to be deficient; to lack (sthg.); to be faulty: quella statua pecca nelle proporzioni, that statue is out of proportion.* * *[pek'kare]1) (commettere peccato) to (commit a) sin2) (sbagliare) to errpeccare per eccesso di generosità — to err on the side of generosity, to be overgenerous
* * *peccare/pek'kare/ [1](aus. avere)1 (commettere peccato) to (commit a) sin; peccare di gola to be guilty of the sin of gluttony; peccare di superbia to commit the sin of pride2 (sbagliare) to err; peccare di negligenza to err through carelessness; peccare per eccesso di generosità to err on the side of generosity, to be overgenerous. -
13 sündigen
v/i2. fig. auf einem Gebiet: commit a sin; städtebaulich wurde in den 80er Jahren viel gesündigt many sins were committed in town planning in the 80s3. umg. (zu viel essen etc.) (over)indulge; Weihnachten haben wir wieder zu viel gesündigt we overindulged ( oder overdid it) again at Christmas* * *to transgress; to sin* * *sụ̈n|di|gen ['zʏndɪgn]vito sin ( an +dat against); (hum) to indulge* * *(to do wrong; to commit a sin, especially in the religious sense: Forgive me, Father, for I have sinned.) sin* * *sün·di·gen[ˈzʏndɪgn̩]vi1. REL to sinin Gedanken \sündigen to have sinful thoughtsmit Worten/Taten \sündigen to say/do sinful things* * *intransitives Verb sin* * *sündigen v/i1. sin (gegen against);an jemandem sündigen sin against ( oder wrong) sb2. fig auf einem Gebiet: commit a sin;städtebaulich wurde in den 80er Jahren viel gesündigt many sins were committed in town planning in the 80s3. umg (zu viel essen etc) (over)indulge;Weihnachten haben wir wieder zu viel gesündigt we overindulged ( oder overdid it) again at Christmas* * *intransitives Verb sin* * *(gegen) v.to trespass (against) v. v.to sin v. -
14 freveln
v/i* * *fre|veln ['freːfln]vi (liter)to sin ( gegen, an +dat against)* * *fre·veln[ˈfre:fl̩n]vi (geh)▪ [gegen jdn/etw] \freveln2. REL to sin [against sb/sth]* * *intransitives Verb (geh.)an jemandem/gegen etwas freveln — commit a crime against somebody/something
* * *freveln v/igegen) trespass against* * *intransitives Verb (geh.)an jemandem/gegen etwas freveln — commit a crime against somebody/something
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15 Sünde
f; -, -n sin; eine Sünde begehen commit a sin, sin; seine Sünden beichten confess one’s sins; jemandem seine Sünden vergeben forgive s.o. his ( oder her) sins; für seine Sünden büßen atone for one’s sins; eine Sünde gegen den guten Geschmack an offence against good taste; die Sünden der Städteplaner the misdeeds of the town planners; das ist doch keine Sünde it’s not a crime* * *die Sündetrespass; sin* * *Sụ̈n|de ['zʏndə]f -, -nsineine Sünde begehen — to sin, to commit a sin
* * *(wickedness, or a wicked act, especially one that breaks a religious law: It is a sin to envy the possessions of other people; Lying and cheating are both sins.) sin* * *Sün·de<-, -n>[ˈzʏndə]f1. REL sineine \Sünde begehen to commit a sin, to sin2. (Missgriff) error of judgement, mistakees ist eine \Sünde und Schande (fam) it's a crying shame* * *die; Sünde, Sünden sin; (fig.) misdeed; transgressioneine Sünde wert sein — (scherzh.) be worth a little transgression; < food> be naughty but nice
* * *eine Sünde begehen commit a sin, sin;seine Sünden beichten confess one’s sins;jemandem seine Sünden vergeben forgive sb his ( oder her) sins;für seine Sünden büßen atone for one’s sins;eine Sünde gegen den guten Geschmack an offence against good taste;die Sünden der Städteplaner the misdeeds of the town planners;das ist doch keine Sünde it’s not a crime* * *die; Sünde, Sünden sin; (fig.) misdeed; transgressioneine Sünde wert sein — (scherzh.) be worth a little transgression; < food> be naughty but nice
* * *-n f.peccadillo n.sin n. -
16 ἁμαρτάνω
ἁμαρτάνω fut. ἁμαρτήσω Mt 18:21, cp. Hm 4, 1, 1f (W-S. §13, 8; Mlt-H. 227); 2 aor. (Theognis, Pind. et al.) ἥμαρτον, subj. ἁμάρτω Lk 17:3; 1 aor. (H. Gk.) ἡμάρτησα, subj. ἁμαρτήσω Mt 18:15; Lk 17:4; Ro 6:15, ptc. ἁμαρτήσας Ro 5:14 (cp. ἐπί, 6ac) 16; Hb 3:17; 2 Pt 2:4; pf. ἡμάρτηκα LXX, 1 pl. ἡμαρτήκαμεν 1J 1:10; pf. pass. ptc. neut. ἡμαρτημένα (Just.; Ath., R. 76, 10; s. B-D-F §75; 77; Mlt-H. 214; on the LXX forms s. Thackeray 259) to commit a wrong, to sin (in the sense ‘transgress’ against divinity, custom, or law since Hom., esp. LXX, also pseudepigr., Philo, Joseph., Herm. Wr., Just., Ath.; in gen. sense ‘miss the mark, err, do wrong’ Hom. et al.; also Diogenes 37, 7 p. 158, 11 Malherbe; cp. Papias [2:15] of Mark’s compilation).ⓐ abs. (Menand., Fgm. 499 K. ἄνθρωπος ὢν ἥμαρτον; Herodas 5, 27; Diogenes 15 p. 108, 17 Malherbe; Orig., C. Cels. 1, 7, 7; Hippol., Ref. 9, 15, 6) Mt 18:15; Lk 17:3; J 5:14; 8:11; 9:2f (cp. Hdt. 1, 138 for related line of thought); Ro 3:23; 5:12 (s. the lit. on ἁμαρτία 3b); 1 Cor 7:28, 36; 15:34; Eph 4:26 (Ps 4:5); 1 Ti 5:20; Tit 3:11; 1 Pt 2:20; 1J 1:10; 2:1; 3:6, 9; 5:18; 1 Cl 4:4 (Gen 4:7); 56:13 (Job 5:24); 2 Cl 1:2; B 10:10; Hv 3, 5, 5; m 4, 1, 4f; 8; 4, 2, 2 al. Of sinning angels (En 106:14; cp. 7:5; 20:6) 2 Pt 2:4. Of the devil 1J 3:8.ⓑ w. fuller indication of that in which the mistake or moral failure consists, by means of a supplementary ptc. (B-D-F §414, 5; cp. Hipponax [VI B.C.] 70 Diehl οὐχ ἁμαρτάνω κόπτων=I don’t miss when I strike; Jos., Ant. 3, 174; cp. Papias [2:15] cited above) ἥμαρτον παραδοὺς αἷμα ἀθῷον I have committed a sin by handing over innocent blood Mt 27:4.ⓒ w. indication of the manner of sinning (μέχρι ἐννοίας καὶ λόγου ἁ. Iren. 1, 6, 4 [Harv. I 56, 15]) ἀνόμως ἁ. Ro 2:12; opp. ἐν νόμῳ ἁ. ibid.; ἑκουσίως ἁ. (cp. Job 31:33) Hb 10:26. Opp. εἴ τι ἄκοντες ἡμάρτετε 1 Cl 2:3 (s. ἄκων). Also w. acc. (epigr. in Demosth. 18, 289 μηδὲν ἁμαρτεῖν ἐστι θεῶν) ἁ. ἁμαρτίαν (=חָטָא חֲטָאָה; Ex 32:30f al.; cp. Soph., Phil. 1249; Pla., Phd. 113e) commit a sin 1J 5:16a; ἁμαρτίας ἁ. Hv 2, 2, 4; also τοσαῦτα Hm 9:1 (Cornutus 10 τοιαῦτα ἁ.).—ὑπὸ χεῖρα ἁ. sin repeatedly Hm 4, 3, 6 (B-D-F §232, 1).ⓓ w. indication of the one against whom the sin is committedα. in the dat. (M. Ant. 4, 26; 9, 4 ἑαυτῷ ἁμαρτάνει; Ps 77:17; Bar 1:13; 2:5; ApcSed 15:8) σοὶ μόνῳ ἥμαρτον against you only 1 Cl 18:4 (Ps 50:6).β. other constructions: ἁ. εἴς τινα (Hdt. 1, 138 εἰς τὸν ἥλιον; Soph., Fgm. 21 εἰς θεούς; likew. X., Hell. 1, 7, 19; Pla., Phdr. 242c εἰς τὸ θεῖον; Jdth 5:20; 11:10; Sir 7:7; EpJer 12; ApcMos 32; Jos., Ant. 7, 320 εἰς τ. θεόν) Mt 18:21; Lk 17:4. εἰς Χριστόν 1 Cor 8:12. εἰς τοὺς ἀδελφούς ibid. (cp. Heraclitus 3 p. 188, 28 Malherbe). εἰς τὸ ἴδιον σῶμα 1 Cor 6:18 (cp. Aeschin. 1, 22).—εἰς τὸν οὐρανόν against God Lk 15:18, 21. ἁ. εἴς τινά τι (M. Ant. 7, 26; BGU 1141, 14ff [13 B.C.] ἡμάρτηκά τι εἰς σέ) Ac 25:8.γ. ἁ. ἐνώπιόν τινος (1 Km 7:6; 20:1; Tob 3:3; TestJob 15:6; JosAs 7:5; B-D-F §214, 6): ἐνώπιόν σου Lk 15:18, 21.ⓔ w. indication of the result ἁ. μὴ πρὸς θάνατον commit a sin that does not lead to death (like חֵטְא לָמוּת Num 18:22 λαβεῖν ἁμαρτίαν θανατηφόρον; Dt 22:26 ἁμάρτημα θανάτου) 1J 5:16b (RSeeberg, LIhmels Festschr. 1928, 19–31; OBauernfeind, VSchultze Festschr. ’31, 43–54).—EBurton, ICC Gal., 436–43; OHey, Ἁμαρτία: Philol. 83, 1928, 1–17; 137–63; FSteinleitner, D. Beicht 1913; KLatte, Schuld u. Sünde in d. griech. Rel.: ARW 20, 1921, 254–98.—DELG. M-M. TW. Sv. -
17 греша
1. (извършвам грях) sin, commit a sin. transgress2. (не съм прав) be mistaken, make a mistake, be wrong, be in the wrong, be at faulterr (спрямо, по отношение на towards, in the direction of)греша дето be wrong toгреша дето не do/be wrong in not, make a mistake in not (c ger.)греша против истината sin against the truthи най-умният понякога греши it's a good horse that never stumbles* * *греша̀,2. (не съм прав) be mistaken, make a mistake, be wrong, be in the wrong, be at fault, err (спрямо, по отношение на towards, in the direction of); \греша, че be wrong to; \греша, че не do/be wrong in not, make a mistake in not (с ger.); и най-умният понякога греши it’s a good horse that never stumbles; човешко е да се греши to err is human.* * *err; sin; be wrong* * *1. (извършвам грях) sin, commit a sin. transgress 2. (не съм прав) be mistaken, make a mistake, be wrong, be in the wrong, be at fault 3. err (спрямо, по отношение на towards, in the direction of) 4. ГРЕША дето be wrong to 5. ГРЕША дето не do/be wrong in not, make a mistake in not (c ger.) 6. ГРЕША против истината sin against the truth 7. и най-умният понякога греши it's a good horse that never stumbles -
18 offendo
1.offendo, di, sum, 3, v. a. and n. [obfendo]. to hit, thrust, strike, or dash against something (syn.: illido, impingo; class.).I.Lit.:B.offendere caput ad fornicem,
Quint. 6, 3, 67:latus vehementer,
Cic. Clu. 62, 175:coxam,
to hurt himself in the haunch, Col. 5, 9, 1: pedem, Auct. B. Hisp. 23; Ov. F. 2, 720:solido,
against something solid, Hor. S. 2, 1, 78:in scopulis offendit puppis,
strikes on, Ov. P. 4, 14, 22:in redeundo offenderunt,
ran aground, Caes. B. C. 3, 8:in cornua,
Sol. 40:ne quem in cursu capite, aut cubito, aut pectore offendam, aut genu,
Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 2:visco,
id. Poen. 2, 37.—Transf., to hit upon, light upon a person or thing, i. e. to come upon, meet with, find (syn.: deprehendo, invenio): si te hic offendero, moriere, Enn. ap. Cic. Rab. Post. 11, 29 (Trag. v. 301 Vahl.); cf. Cic. Att. 7, 26, 1:II.haec, cum ego a foro revortar, facite ut offendam parata,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 30:paululum si cessassem, Domi non offendissem,
Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 5:si te in plateā offendero hac post umquam, periisti,
id. ib. 5, 8, 34; id. Phorm. 5, 1, 31:imparatum te offendam,
will come upon you unawares, will surprise you, Cic. Fam. 2, 3:eundem bonorum sensum,
id. ib. 1, 9, 17:nondum perfectum templum offendere,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 28, § 64:omnia aliter ac jusserat offendit,
id. Rep. 1, 38, 59.—Trop.A.In gen., to suffer damage, receive an injury:B.quis est tam Lynceus, qui in tantis tenebris nihil offendat, nusquam incurrat?
Cic. Fam. 9, 2, 2:in causis,
id. de Or. 2, 74, 301:ad fortunam,
Phaedr. 4, 14, 6.—In partic., to stumble, blunder, make a mistake, commit a fault; to commit an offence, to be offensive (syn.:C.pecco, delinquo): in quo ipsi offendissent, alios reprehendissent,
Cic. Clu. 36, 98:sin quid offenderit, sibi totum, tibi nihil offenderit,
id. Fam. 2, 18, 3:offendebant illi quidem apud gravīs et honestos homines, sed populi judiciis florebant,
gave offence to, id. Sest. 49, 105:se apud plebem offendisse de aerario,
id. Att. 10, 4, 8:neque in eo solum offenderat, quod,
Nep. Phoc. 2, 2: legi, to offend against or violate the law, Dig. 22, 1, 1.—Hence (eccl. Lat.), to offend, commit a sin:in multis enim offendimus omnes,
Vulg. Jac. 3, 2.— Of things, to be offensive:cum nihil aliud offenderit,
Liv. 2, 2, 2; cf. id. 4, 42, 2.—To find fault with, be displeased with, take offence at any thing:D.at credo, in Caesarem probatis, in me offenditis,
Caes. B. C. 2, 32:si in me aliquid offendistis,
have taken any offence at me, Cic. Mil. 36, 99.—To fail in any thing, i. e. to have a misfortune, to be unfortunate, meet with ill success:E.apud judices offendere, opp. causam iis probare,
Cic. Clu. 23, 63:cum multi viri fortes offenderint,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 50, § 131:tamquam M. Atilius primo accessu ad Africam offenderit,
i. e. met with a calamity, Liv. 28, 43, 17; cf. I. A. supra.— Impers. pass.:sin aliquid esset offensum,
Cic. Fam. 1, 7:quoties culpā ducis esset offensum,
might have met with a defeat, Caes. B. C. 3, 72; cf.:nullum ejusmodi casum exspectans, quo... in milibus passuum tribus offendi posset,
id. B. G. 6, 36 Kraner ad loc.:at si valetudo ejus offendissit,
failed, Gell. 4, 2, 10.—To shock, offend, mortify, vex, displease one:A.me exquisisse aliquid, in quo te offenderem,
Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 4:tuam existimationem,
id. ib. 3, 8, 7:neminem umquam non re, non verbo, non vultu denique offendit,
id. Balb. 26, 59:offensus nemo contumeliā,
id. Att. 6, 3, 3:ne offendam patrem,
id. ib. 6, 3, 9:ut eos splendor offendat,
id. Fam. 1, 7, 7:extinctum lumen recens offendit nares,
Lucr. 6, 791:offendere tot caligas, tot Milia clavorum,
provoke, Juv. 16, 24:polypodion offendit stomachum,
disagrees with, Plin. 26, 8, 37, § 58:ne colorum claritas aciem oculorum offenderet,
id. 35, 10, 36, § 97.— Pass., to be displeased, feel hurt:multis rebus meus offendebatur animus,
Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 10.— With inf.:ut non offendar subripi (ista munera),
so that I am not offended at their being taken from me, Phaedr. 4, 11, 6: componi aliquid de se, offendebatur, he took it ill, if, etc., Suet. Aug. 8, 9 fin. —Hence, of-fensus, a, um, P. a.Offensive, odious (cf.:B.invisus, odiosus, infensus): miserum atque invidiosum offensumque ordinem senatorium!
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 62, § 145:offensum et invisum esse alicui,
id. Sest. 58, 125.—As subst.: offensum, i, n., the offence:offensum est quod eorum, qui audiunt, voluntatem laedit,
Cic. Inv. 1, 49, 92.—Offended, displeased, vexed, incensed, imbittered:2.offensus et alienatus animus,
Cic. Att. 1, 17, 7:aliena et offensa populi voluntas,
id. Tusc. 5, 37, 106: offensos merere [p. 1259] deos, Ov. H. 21, 48: offensi animi regum, Auct. B. Alex. 32.— Comp.:quem cum esse offensiorem arbitrarer,
Cic. Att. 1, 5, 2:quem sibi offensiorem sciebat esse,
id. Clu. 62, 172; id. Att. 1, 5, 5.offendo, ĭnis, f. [1. offendo], an offence, Afran. ap. Non. 146, 32 (offendo, offensio, Non.). -
19 offensum
1.offendo, di, sum, 3, v. a. and n. [obfendo]. to hit, thrust, strike, or dash against something (syn.: illido, impingo; class.).I.Lit.:B.offendere caput ad fornicem,
Quint. 6, 3, 67:latus vehementer,
Cic. Clu. 62, 175:coxam,
to hurt himself in the haunch, Col. 5, 9, 1: pedem, Auct. B. Hisp. 23; Ov. F. 2, 720:solido,
against something solid, Hor. S. 2, 1, 78:in scopulis offendit puppis,
strikes on, Ov. P. 4, 14, 22:in redeundo offenderunt,
ran aground, Caes. B. C. 3, 8:in cornua,
Sol. 40:ne quem in cursu capite, aut cubito, aut pectore offendam, aut genu,
Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 2:visco,
id. Poen. 2, 37.—Transf., to hit upon, light upon a person or thing, i. e. to come upon, meet with, find (syn.: deprehendo, invenio): si te hic offendero, moriere, Enn. ap. Cic. Rab. Post. 11, 29 (Trag. v. 301 Vahl.); cf. Cic. Att. 7, 26, 1:II.haec, cum ego a foro revortar, facite ut offendam parata,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 30:paululum si cessassem, Domi non offendissem,
Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 5:si te in plateā offendero hac post umquam, periisti,
id. ib. 5, 8, 34; id. Phorm. 5, 1, 31:imparatum te offendam,
will come upon you unawares, will surprise you, Cic. Fam. 2, 3:eundem bonorum sensum,
id. ib. 1, 9, 17:nondum perfectum templum offendere,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 28, § 64:omnia aliter ac jusserat offendit,
id. Rep. 1, 38, 59.—Trop.A.In gen., to suffer damage, receive an injury:B.quis est tam Lynceus, qui in tantis tenebris nihil offendat, nusquam incurrat?
Cic. Fam. 9, 2, 2:in causis,
id. de Or. 2, 74, 301:ad fortunam,
Phaedr. 4, 14, 6.—In partic., to stumble, blunder, make a mistake, commit a fault; to commit an offence, to be offensive (syn.:C.pecco, delinquo): in quo ipsi offendissent, alios reprehendissent,
Cic. Clu. 36, 98:sin quid offenderit, sibi totum, tibi nihil offenderit,
id. Fam. 2, 18, 3:offendebant illi quidem apud gravīs et honestos homines, sed populi judiciis florebant,
gave offence to, id. Sest. 49, 105:se apud plebem offendisse de aerario,
id. Att. 10, 4, 8:neque in eo solum offenderat, quod,
Nep. Phoc. 2, 2: legi, to offend against or violate the law, Dig. 22, 1, 1.—Hence (eccl. Lat.), to offend, commit a sin:in multis enim offendimus omnes,
Vulg. Jac. 3, 2.— Of things, to be offensive:cum nihil aliud offenderit,
Liv. 2, 2, 2; cf. id. 4, 42, 2.—To find fault with, be displeased with, take offence at any thing:D.at credo, in Caesarem probatis, in me offenditis,
Caes. B. C. 2, 32:si in me aliquid offendistis,
have taken any offence at me, Cic. Mil. 36, 99.—To fail in any thing, i. e. to have a misfortune, to be unfortunate, meet with ill success:E.apud judices offendere, opp. causam iis probare,
Cic. Clu. 23, 63:cum multi viri fortes offenderint,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 50, § 131:tamquam M. Atilius primo accessu ad Africam offenderit,
i. e. met with a calamity, Liv. 28, 43, 17; cf. I. A. supra.— Impers. pass.:sin aliquid esset offensum,
Cic. Fam. 1, 7:quoties culpā ducis esset offensum,
might have met with a defeat, Caes. B. C. 3, 72; cf.:nullum ejusmodi casum exspectans, quo... in milibus passuum tribus offendi posset,
id. B. G. 6, 36 Kraner ad loc.:at si valetudo ejus offendissit,
failed, Gell. 4, 2, 10.—To shock, offend, mortify, vex, displease one:A.me exquisisse aliquid, in quo te offenderem,
Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 4:tuam existimationem,
id. ib. 3, 8, 7:neminem umquam non re, non verbo, non vultu denique offendit,
id. Balb. 26, 59:offensus nemo contumeliā,
id. Att. 6, 3, 3:ne offendam patrem,
id. ib. 6, 3, 9:ut eos splendor offendat,
id. Fam. 1, 7, 7:extinctum lumen recens offendit nares,
Lucr. 6, 791:offendere tot caligas, tot Milia clavorum,
provoke, Juv. 16, 24:polypodion offendit stomachum,
disagrees with, Plin. 26, 8, 37, § 58:ne colorum claritas aciem oculorum offenderet,
id. 35, 10, 36, § 97.— Pass., to be displeased, feel hurt:multis rebus meus offendebatur animus,
Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 10.— With inf.:ut non offendar subripi (ista munera),
so that I am not offended at their being taken from me, Phaedr. 4, 11, 6: componi aliquid de se, offendebatur, he took it ill, if, etc., Suet. Aug. 8, 9 fin. —Hence, of-fensus, a, um, P. a.Offensive, odious (cf.:B.invisus, odiosus, infensus): miserum atque invidiosum offensumque ordinem senatorium!
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 62, § 145:offensum et invisum esse alicui,
id. Sest. 58, 125.—As subst.: offensum, i, n., the offence:offensum est quod eorum, qui audiunt, voluntatem laedit,
Cic. Inv. 1, 49, 92.—Offended, displeased, vexed, incensed, imbittered:2.offensus et alienatus animus,
Cic. Att. 1, 17, 7:aliena et offensa populi voluntas,
id. Tusc. 5, 37, 106: offensos merere [p. 1259] deos, Ov. H. 21, 48: offensi animi regum, Auct. B. Alex. 32.— Comp.:quem cum esse offensiorem arbitrarer,
Cic. Att. 1, 5, 2:quem sibi offensiorem sciebat esse,
id. Clu. 62, 172; id. Att. 1, 5, 5.offendo, ĭnis, f. [1. offendo], an offence, Afran. ap. Non. 146, 32 (offendo, offensio, Non.). -
20 ἁμαρτία
ἁμαρτία, ίας, ἡ (w. mngs. ranging fr. involuntary mistake/ error to serious offenses against a deity: Aeschyl., Antiphon, Democr.+; ins fr. Cyzicus JHS 27, 1907, p. 63 [III B.C.] ἁμαρτίαν μετανόει; PLips 119 recto, 3; POxy 1119, 11; LXX; En, TestSol, TestAbr, TestJob, Test12Patr; JosAs 12:14; ParJer, ApcEsdr, ApcSed, ApcMos; EpArist 192; Philo; Jos., Ant. 13, 69 al.; Ar. [Milne 76, 42]; Just., A I, 61, 6; 10; 66, 1, D. 13, 1 al.; Tat. 14, 1f; 20, 1; Mel., P. 50, 359; 55, 400; s. ClR 24, 1910, 88; 234; 25, 1911, 195–97).① a departure fr. either human or divine standards of uprightnessⓐ sin (w. context ordinarily suggesting the level of heinousness), the action itself (ἁμάρτησις s. prec.), as well as its result (ἁμάρτημα), πᾶσα ἀδικία ἁ. ἐστίν 1J 5:17 (cp. Eur., Or. 649; Gen 50:17). ἁ. w. ἀνομήματα Hv 1, 3, 1; descr. as ἀνομία (cp. Ps 58:3; TestJob 43:17) 1J 3:4; but one who loves is far from sin Pol 3:3, cp. Js 5:20; 1 Pt 4:8, 1 Cl 49:5; Agr 13. ἀναπληρῶσαι τὰς ἁ. fill up the measure of sins (Gen 15:16) 1 Th 2:16. κοινωνεῖν ἁ. ἀλλοτρίαις 1 Ti 5:22. ποιεῖν ἁ. commit a sin (Tob 12:10; 14:7S; Dt 9:21) 2 Cor 11:7; 1 Pt 2:22; Js 5:15; 1J 3:4, 8. For this ἁμαρτάνειν ἁ. (Ex 32:30; La 1:8) 1J 5:16; ἐργάζεσθαι ἁ. Js 2:9; Hm 4, 1, 2 (LXX oft. ἐργάζ. ἀδικίαν or ἀνομίαν). μεγάλην ἁ. ἐργάζεσθαι commit a great sin m 4, 1, 1; 8:2. Pl. (cp. Pla., Ep. 7, 335a τὰ μεγάλα ἁμαρτήματα κ. ἀδικήματα) Hs 7:2. ἐπιφέρειν ἁ. τινί Hv 1, 2, 4. ἑαυτῷ ἁ. ἐπιφέρειν bring sin upon oneself m 11:4; for this ἁ. ἐπισπᾶσθαί τινι m 4, 1, 8 (cp. Is 5:18). προστιθέναι ταῖς ἁ. add to one’s sins (cp. προσέθηκεν ἁμαρτίας ἐφʼ ἁμαρτίας PsSol 3:10) Hv 5:7; m 4, 3, 7; Hs 6, 2, 3; 8, 11, 3; φέρειν ἁ. 1 Cl 16:4 (Is 53:4). ἀναφέρειν vs. 14 (Is 53:12). γέμειν ἁμαρτιῶν B 11:11. εἶναι ἐν ταῖς ἁμαρτίαις 1 Cor 15:17 (cp. Alex. Aphr., Eth. Probl. 9 II 2 p. 129, 13 ἐν ἁμαρτήμασιν εἶναι).—Sin viewed from the perspective of God’s or Christ’s response: ἀφιέναι τὰς ἁ. let go = forgive sins (Lev 4:20 al.) Mt 9:2, 5f; Mk 2:5, 7, 9f; Lk 5:20ff; Hv 2, 2, 4; 1 Cl 50:5; 53:5 (Ex 32:32) al. (ἀφίημι 2); hence ἄφεσις (τῶν) ἁμαρτιῶν (Iren. 1, 21, 2 [Harv. I 182, 4]) forgiveness of sins Mt 26:28; Mk 1:4; Lk 1:77; 3:3; 24:47; Ac 2:38; 5:31; 10:43; 13:38; Hm 4, 3, 2; B 5:1; 6:11; 8:3; 11:1; 16:8. διδόναι ἄφεσιν ἁ. AcPl Ha 2, 30; λαβεῖν ἄφεσιν ἁ. receive forgiveness of sins Ac 26:18 (Just., D. 54 al); καθαρίζειν τὰς ἁ. cleanse the sins (thought of as a stain) Hs 5, 6, 3; καθαρίζειν ἀπὸ ἁ. 1 Cl 18:3 (Ps 50:4; cp. Sir 23:10; PsSol 10:1); also καθαρισμὸν ποιεῖσθαι τῶν ἁ. Hb 1:3; ἀπολούεσθαι τὰς ἁ. Ac 22:16 ([w. βαπτίζειν] Just., D. 13, 1 al.). λύτρον ἁ. ransom for sins B 19:10.—αἴρειν J 1:29; περιελεῖν ἁ. Hb 10:11; ἀφαιρεῖν (Ex 34:9; Is 27; 9) vs. 4; Hs 9, 28, 3; ῥυσθῆναι ἀπὸ ἁ. 1 Cl 60:3; ἀπὸ τῶν ἁ. ἀποσπασθῆναι AcPlCor 2:9. Sin as a burden αἱ ἁ. κατεβάρησαν Hs 9, 28, 6; as a disease ἰᾶσθαι Hs 9, 28, 5 (cp. Dt 30:3); s. also the verbs in question.—Looked upon as an entry in a ledger; hence ἐξαλείφεται ἡ ἁ. wiped away, cancelled (Ps 108:14; Jer 18:23; Is 43:25) Ac 3:19.—Opp. στῆσαι τὴν ἁ. 7:60; λογίζεσθαι ἁ. take account of sin (as a debt; cp. the commercial metaphor Ro 4:6 and s. FDanker, Gingrich Festschr. 104, n. 2) Ro 4:8 (Ps 31:2); 1 Cl 60:2 (Just., D. 141, 3). Pass. ἁ. οὐκ ἐλλογεῖται is not entered in the account Ro 5:13 (GFriedrich, TLZ 77, ’52, 523–28). Of sinners ὀφειλέτης ἁ. Pol 6:1 (cp. SIG 1042, 14–16 [II A.D.] ὸ̔ς ἂν δὲ πολυπραγμονήσῃ τὰ τοῦ θεοῦ ἢ περιεργάσηται, ἁμαρτίαν ὀφιλέτω Μηνὶ Τυράννωι, ἣν οὐ μὴ δύνηται ἐξειλάσασθαι).—γινώσκειν ἁ. (cp. Num 32:23) Ro 7:7; Hm 4, 1, 5. ἐπίγνωσις ἁμαρτίας Ro 3:20; ὁμολογεῖν τὰς ἁ. 1J 1:9; ἐξομολογεῖσθε ἐπὶ ταῖς ἁ. B 19:12; ἐξομολογεῖσθαι τὰς ἁ. Mt 3:6; Mk 1:5; Hv 3, 1, 5f; Hs 9, 23, 4; ἐξομολογεῖσθε ἀλλήλοις τὰς ἁ. confess your sins to each other Js 5:16.—ἐλέγχειν τινὰ περὶ ἁ. convict someone of sin J 8:46; cp. ἵνα σου τὰς ἁ. ἐλέγξω πρὸς τὸν κύριον that I might reveal your sins before the Lord Hv 1, 1, 5.—σεσωρευμένος ἁμαρτίαις loaded down w. sins 2 Ti 3:6; cp. ἐπισωρεύειν ταῖς ἁ. B 4:6; ἔνοχος τῆς ἁ. involved in the sin Hm 2:2; 4, 1, 5. μέτοχος τῆς ἁ. m 4, 1, 9.—In Hb sin is atoned for (ἱλάσκεσθαι τὰς ἁ. 2:17) by sacrifices θυσίαι ὑπὲρ ἁ. 5:1 (cp. 1 Cl 41:2). προσφορὰ περὶ ἁ. sin-offering 10:18; also simply περὶ ἁ. (Lev 5:11; 7:37) vss. 6, 8 (both Ps 39:7; cp. 1 Pt 3:18); προσφέρειν περὶ ἁ. bring a sin-offering Hb 5:3; cp. 10:12; 13:11. Christ has made the perfect sacrifice for sin 9:23ff; συνείδησις ἁ. consciousness of sin 10:2; ἀνάμνησις ἁ. a reminder of sins of the feast of atonement vs. 3.ⓑ special sins (ἁ. τῆς ἀποστασίας Iren. 5, 26, 2 [Harv. II 397, 4]): πρὸς θάνατον that leads to death 1J 5:16b (ἁμαρτάνω e); opp. οὐ πρὸς θάνατον vs. 17. μεγάλη ἁ. a great sin Hv 1, 1, 8 al. (Gen 20:9; Ex 32:30 al.; cp. Schol. on Pla., Tht. 189d ἁμαρτήματα μεγάλα). μείζων ἁ. m 11:4; ἥττων 1 Cl 47:4. μεγάλη κ. ἀνίατος Hm 5, 2, 4; τέλειαι ἁ. Hv 1, 2, 1; B 8:1, cp. τὸ τέλειον τῶν ἁ. 5:11 (Philo, Mos. 1, 96 κατὰ τῶν τέλεια ἡμαρτηκότων); ἡ προτέρα ἁ. (Arrian, Anab. 7, 23, 8 εἴ τι πρότερον ἡμάρτηκας) sin committed before baptism Hm 4, 1, 11; 4, 3, 3; Hs 8, 11, 3; cp. v 2, 1, 2.② a state of being sinful, sinfulness, a prominent feature in Johannine thought, and opposed to ἀλήθεια; hence ἁ. ἔχειν J 9:41; 15:24; 1J 1:8. μείζονα ἁ. ἔχειν J 19:11; ἁ. μένει 9:41. γεννᾶσθαι ἐν ἁμαρτίαις be born in sin 9:34 (ἐν ἁμαρτίᾳ v.l).; opp. ἐν ἁ. ἀποθανεῖν die in sin 8:21, 24; AcPl Ha 1, 16. ἁ. ἐν αὐτῷ οὐκ ἔστιν 1J 3:5.③ a destructive evil power, sinⓐ Paul thinks of sin almost in pers. terms (cp. Sir 27:10; Mel., P. 50, 359; PGM 4, 1448 w. other divinities of the nether world, also Ἁμαρτίαι χθόνιαι; Dibelius, Geisterwelt 119ff) as a ruling power that invades the world. Sin came into the world Ro 5:12 (JFreundorfer, Erbsünde u. Erbtod b. Ap. Pls 1927; ELohmeyer, ZNW 29, 1930, 1–59; JSchnitzer, D. Erbsünde im Lichte d. Religionsgesch. ’31; ROtto, Sünde u. Urschuld ’32; FDanker, Ro 5:12: Sin under Law: NTS 14, ’67/68, 424–39), reigns there vs. 21; 6:14; everything was subject to it Gal 3:22; people serve it Ro 6:6; are its slaves vss. 17, 20; are sold into its service 7:14 or set free from it 6:22; it has its law 7:23; 8:2; it revives (ἀνέζησεν) Ro 7:9 or is dead vs. 8; it pays its wages, viz., death 6:23, cp. 5:12 (see lit. s.v. ἐπί 6c). As a pers. principle it dwells in humans Ro 7:17, 20, viz., in the flesh (s. σάρξ 2cα) 8:3; cp. vs. 2; 7:25. The earthly body is hence a σῶμα τῆς ἁ. 6:6 (Col 2:11 v.l.).—As abstr. for concr. τὸν μὴ γνόντα ἁ. ὑπέρ ἡμῶν ἁμαρτίαν ἐποίησεν (God) made him, who never sinned, to be sin (i.e. the guilty one) for our sakes 2 Cor 5:21.ⓑ In Hb (as in OT) sin appears as the power that deceives humanity and leads it to destruction, whose influence and activity can be ended only by sacrifices (s. 1a end): ἀπάτη τῆς ἁ. Hb 3:13.—On the whole word s. ἁμαρτάνω, end. GMoore, Judaism I 445–52; ABüchler, Studies in Sin and Atonement in the Rabb. Lit. of the I Cent. 1928; WKnuth, D. Begriff der Sünde b. Philon v. Alex., diss. Jena ’34; EThomas, The Problem of Sin in the NT 1927; Dodd 76–81; DDaube, Sin, Ignorance and Forgiveness in the Bible, ’61; AGelin and ADescamps, Sin in the Bible, ’65.—On the special question ‘The Christian and Sin’ see PWernle 1897; HWindisch 1908; EHedström 1911; RBultmann, ZNW 23, 1924, 123–40; Windisch, ibid. 265–81; RSchulz, D. Frage nach der Selbsttätigkt. d. Menschen im sittl. Leben b. Pls., diss. Hdlb. ’40.—JAddison, ATR 33, ’51, 137–48; KKuhn, πειρασμός ἁμαρτία σάρξ im NT: ZTK 49, ’52, 200–222; JBremer, Hamartia ’69 (Gk. views).—B. 1182. EDNT. DELG s.v. ἁμαρτάνω. M-M. TW.
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