comically

Jūno, ōnis, f., the goddess Juno, daughter of Saturn, sister and wife of Jupiter, and the guardian deity of women; as the foundress of marriage, she is also called pronuba Juno; and as the protecting goddess of lying-in women, Juno Lucina, Plaut. Aul. 4, 7, 11; Cic. N. D. 2, 27, 68: prima et Tellus et pronuba Juno dant signum, Verg. [p. 1018] A. 4, 166.—

Juno inferna or infera, i. e. Proserpine, Verg. A. 6, 138; Stat. S. 2, 1, 147;

or, Averna,

Ov. M. 14, 114;

or, profunda,

Claud. Proserp. 1, 2;

or, Stygia,

Stat. Th. 4, 526.—

Esp. in phrases;

stella Junonis,

the planet Venus, Plin. 2, 8, 6, § 37:

urbs Junonis,

i. e. Argos, Ov. H. 14, 28:

per Junonem matrem familias jurare,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 201.—Prov.:

Junonis sacra ferre,

i. e. to walk at a slow and measured pace, Hor. S. 1, 3, 11.—

Comically transf.:

mea Juno, non decet esse te tam tristem tuo Jovi,

i. e. my wife, Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 14; cf.:

ni nanctus Venerem essem, hanc Junonem ducerem,

id. Bacch. 2, 2, 39: ejuno as interj. like ecastor, acc. to Charis. p. 183 P.—Hence,

Jūnōnālis, e, adj., of or belonging to Juno:

tempus,

i. e. the month of June, Ov. F. 6, 63.—

Jūnōnĭcŏla, ae, com. [Junocolo], a worshipper of Juno ( poet.):

Adde Junonicolas Faliscos,

Ov. F. 6, 49.—

Jūnōnĭgĕna, ae, m. [Juno-gigno], Junoborn, i. e. Vulcan, Ov. M. 4, 173.—

Jū-nōnĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Juno, Junonian ( poet.):

hospitia,

i. e. Carthage, where Juno was worshipped, Verg. A. 1,671; so,

Samos,

Ov. M. 8, 220:

ales,

i. e. the peacock, id. Am. 2, 6, 55:

custos,

i. e. Argus, id. M. 1, 678:

mensis,

i. e. June, sacred to Juno, id. F. 6, 61:

Hebe,

i. e. the daughter of Juno, id. M. 9, 400; Val. Fl. 8, 231:

stella,

the planet Venus, App. de Mund. p. 58, 12:

insula,

one of the Fortunate Isles, Plin. 6, 32, 37, § 202.

Jūno, ōnis, f., the goddess Juno, daughter of Saturn, sister and wife of Jupiter, and the guardian deity of women; as the foundress of marriage, she is also called pronuba Juno; and as the protecting goddess of lying-in women, Juno Lucina, Plaut. Aul. 4, 7, 11; Cic. N. D. 2, 27, 68: prima et Tellus et pronuba Juno dant signum, Verg. [p. 1018] A. 4, 166.—

Juno inferna or infera, i. e. Proserpine, Verg. A. 6, 138; Stat. S. 2, 1, 147;

or, Averna,

Ov. M. 14, 114;

or, profunda,

Claud. Proserp. 1, 2;

or, Stygia,

Stat. Th. 4, 526.—

Esp. in phrases;

stella Junonis,

the planet Venus, Plin. 2, 8, 6, § 37:

urbs Junonis,

i. e. Argos, Ov. H. 14, 28:

per Junonem matrem familias jurare,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 201.—Prov.:

Junonis sacra ferre,

i. e. to walk at a slow and measured pace, Hor. S. 1, 3, 11.—

Comically transf.:

mea Juno, non decet esse te tam tristem tuo Jovi,

i. e. my wife, Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 14; cf.:

ni nanctus Venerem essem, hanc Junonem ducerem,

id. Bacch. 2, 2, 39: ejuno as interj. like ecastor, acc. to Charis. p. 183 P.—Hence,

Jūnōnālis, e, adj., of or belonging to Juno:

tempus,

i. e. the month of June, Ov. F. 6, 63.—

Jūnōnĭcŏla, ae, com. [Junocolo], a worshipper of Juno ( poet.):

Adde Junonicolas Faliscos,

Ov. F. 6, 49.—

Jūnōnĭgĕna, ae, m. [Juno-gigno], Junoborn, i. e. Vulcan, Ov. M. 4, 173.—

Jū-nōnĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Juno, Junonian ( poet.):

hospitia,

i. e. Carthage, where Juno was worshipped, Verg. A. 1,671; so,

Samos,

Ov. M. 8, 220:

ales,

i. e. the peacock, id. Am. 2, 6, 55:

custos,

i. e. Argus, id. M. 1, 678:

mensis,

i. e. June, sacred to Juno, id. F. 6, 61:

Hebe,

i. e. the daughter of Juno, id. M. 9, 400; Val. Fl. 8, 231:

stella,

the planet Venus, App. de Mund. p. 58, 12:

insula,

one of the Fortunate Isles, Plin. 6, 32, 37, § 202.

Jūno, ōnis, f., the goddess Juno, daughter of Saturn, sister and wife of Jupiter, and the guardian deity of women; as the foundress of marriage, she is also called pronuba Juno; and as the protecting goddess of lying-in women, Juno Lucina, Plaut. Aul. 4, 7, 11; Cic. N. D. 2, 27, 68: prima et Tellus et pronuba Juno dant signum, Verg. [p. 1018] A. 4, 166.—

Juno inferna or infera, i. e. Proserpine, Verg. A. 6, 138; Stat. S. 2, 1, 147;

or, Averna,

Ov. M. 14, 114;

or, profunda,

Claud. Proserp. 1, 2;

or, Stygia,

Stat. Th. 4, 526.—

Esp. in phrases;

stella Junonis,

the planet Venus, Plin. 2, 8, 6, § 37:

urbs Junonis,

i. e. Argos, Ov. H. 14, 28:

per Junonem matrem familias jurare,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 201.—Prov.:

Junonis sacra ferre,

i. e. to walk at a slow and measured pace, Hor. S. 1, 3, 11.—

Comically transf.:

mea Juno, non decet esse te tam tristem tuo Jovi,

i. e. my wife, Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 14; cf.:

ni nanctus Venerem essem, hanc Junonem ducerem,

id. Bacch. 2, 2, 39: ejuno as interj. like ecastor, acc. to Charis. p. 183 P.—Hence,

Jūnōnālis, e, adj., of or belonging to Juno:

tempus,

i. e. the month of June, Ov. F. 6, 63.—

Jūnōnĭcŏla, ae, com. [Junocolo], a worshipper of Juno ( poet.):

Adde Junonicolas Faliscos,

Ov. F. 6, 49.—

Jūnōnĭgĕna, ae, m. [Juno-gigno], Junoborn, i. e. Vulcan, Ov. M. 4, 173.—

Jū-nōnĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Juno, Junonian ( poet.):

hospitia,

i. e. Carthage, where Juno was worshipped, Verg. A. 1,671; so,

Samos,

Ov. M. 8, 220:

ales,

i. e. the peacock, id. Am. 2, 6, 55:

custos,

i. e. Argus, id. M. 1, 678:

mensis,

i. e. June, sacred to Juno, id. F. 6, 61:

Hebe,

i. e. the daughter of Juno, id. M. 9, 400; Val. Fl. 8, 231:

stella,

the planet Venus, App. de Mund. p. 58, 12:

insula,

one of the Fortunate Isles, Plin. 6, 32, 37, § 202.

Lăcō̆ or Lăcon, ōnis, m., = Lakôn, a Laconian, Lacedæmonian, Spartan:

flumen et regnata petam Laconi rura Phalanto,

Hor. C. 2, 6, 11:

Laconis illud dictum,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 14, 40; cf.:

Laconis illa vox,

id. ib. 1, 46, 111:

a quo cum Laco pecuniam numeratum accepisset,

i. e. Agesilaüs, Nep. Tim. 1, 12.—Also of the Spartan dogs, which (like the Newfoundland dogs with us) were famed for their strength and vigilance:

Molossus, aut fulvus Lacon, Amica vis pastoribus,

Hor. Epod. 6, 5; Ov. M. 3, 219; Sil. 3, 2, 95.— Plur.: Lăcōnes, um, m., the Laconians, Lacedæmonians, Spartans: consiliis nostris laus est attonsa Laconum, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 5, 17, 49; Prop. 3, 14 (4, 13), 33.—Also of Castor and Pollux, the sons of the Spartan, Leda:

Ledaei Lacones,

Mart. 1, 37, 2; 9, 4, 11:

sidus Laconum,

id. Spect. 26:

quod ei notus amor provexit in castra Laconas,

Claud. Idyll. 7, 37.—Comically, of parasites, for their endurance of humiliations:

nil morantur jam Lacones imi supselli viros, plagipatidas,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 11.—

Hence,

Lăcōnĭa, ae, f., a country of the Peloponnesus, of which Sparta, or Lacedæmon, was the capital city, Plin. 6, 34, 39, § 214 (al. Laconicam); 17, 18, 30, § 133; called also Lăcōnĭca, ae, f., = Lakônikê, Vell. 1, 3, 1; Plin. 25, 8, 53, § 94 al.; and Lăcōnĭ-cē, ēs, f., Nep. Tim. 2, 1; Mel. 2, 3, 4.—

Lăcōnĭcus, a, um, adj., = Lakônikos, of or belonging to Laconia, Laconian, Lacedæmonian:

sinus,

Mel. 2, 3, 8:

classis,

id. 2, 2, 7: clavem mi harunc aedium Laconicam jam jube efferri intus; hasce ego aedis occludam hanc foris, a key made with peculiar skill, one which fastened a lock trom without (whereas others closed it only from within), Plaut. Most. 2, 1, 57; cf.

Guhl & Koner, Life of Greeks and Romans, p. 465: purpurae,

Hor. C. 2, 18, 7:

canes,

Plin. 10, 63, 83, § 177:

brevitas,

Symm. Ep. 1, 8.— Subst.: Lăcōnĭcum, i, n. (sc. balnium), a sweating-room, a sweating-bath, first used by the Lacedæmonians, Vitr. 5, 10 fin.; Cic. Att. 4, 10, 2; Cels. 2, 17; Col. 1 praef. § 16.—

Lă-cōnis, ĭdis, f. adj., = Lakônis, Laconian, Lacedæmonian:

matre Laconide nati,

Ov. M. 3, 223.— Absol. for Laconia, Mel. 2, 3, 4.

Lăcō̆ or Lăcon, ōnis, m., = Lakôn, a Laconian, Lacedæmonian, Spartan:

flumen et regnata petam Laconi rura Phalanto,

Hor. C. 2, 6, 11:

Laconis illud dictum,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 14, 40; cf.:

Laconis illa vox,

id. ib. 1, 46, 111:

a quo cum Laco pecuniam numeratum accepisset,

i. e. Agesilaüs, Nep. Tim. 1, 12.—Also of the Spartan dogs, which (like the Newfoundland dogs with us) were famed for their strength and vigilance:

Molossus, aut fulvus Lacon, Amica vis pastoribus,

Hor. Epod. 6, 5; Ov. M. 3, 219; Sil. 3, 2, 95.— Plur.: Lăcōnes, um, m., the Laconians, Lacedæmonians, Spartans: consiliis nostris laus est attonsa Laconum, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 5, 17, 49; Prop. 3, 14 (4, 13), 33.—Also of Castor and Pollux, the sons of the Spartan, Leda:

Ledaei Lacones,

Mart. 1, 37, 2; 9, 4, 11:

sidus Laconum,

id. Spect. 26:

quod ei notus amor provexit in castra Laconas,

Claud. Idyll. 7, 37.—Comically, of parasites, for their endurance of humiliations:

nil morantur jam Lacones imi supselli viros, plagipatidas,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 11.—

Hence,

Lăcōnĭa, ae, f., a country of the Peloponnesus, of which Sparta, or Lacedæmon, was the capital city, Plin. 6, 34, 39, § 214 (al. Laconicam); 17, 18, 30, § 133; called also Lăcōnĭca, ae, f., = Lakônikê, Vell. 1, 3, 1; Plin. 25, 8, 53, § 94 al.; and Lăcōnĭ-cē, ēs, f., Nep. Tim. 2, 1; Mel. 2, 3, 4.—

Lăcōnĭcus, a, um, adj., = Lakônikos, of or belonging to Laconia, Laconian, Lacedæmonian:

sinus,

Mel. 2, 3, 8:

classis,

id. 2, 2, 7: clavem mi harunc aedium Laconicam jam jube efferri intus; hasce ego aedis occludam hanc foris, a key made with peculiar skill, one which fastened a lock trom without (whereas others closed it only from within), Plaut. Most. 2, 1, 57; cf.

Guhl & Koner, Life of Greeks and Romans, p. 465: purpurae,

Hor. C. 2, 18, 7:

canes,

Plin. 10, 63, 83, § 177:

brevitas,

Symm. Ep. 1, 8.— Subst.: Lăcōnĭcum, i, n. (sc. balnium), a sweating-room, a sweating-bath, first used by the Lacedæmonians, Vitr. 5, 10 fin.; Cic. Att. 4, 10, 2; Cels. 2, 17; Col. 1 praef. § 16.—

Lă-cōnis, ĭdis, f. adj., = Lakônis, Laconian, Lacedæmonian:

matre Laconide nati,

Ov. M. 3, 223.— Absol. for Laconia, Mel. 2, 3, 4.

Lăcō̆ or Lăcon, ōnis, m., = Lakôn, a Laconian, Lacedæmonian, Spartan:

flumen et regnata petam Laconi rura Phalanto,

Hor. C. 2, 6, 11:

Laconis illud dictum,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 14, 40; cf.:

Laconis illa vox,

id. ib. 1, 46, 111:

a quo cum Laco pecuniam numeratum accepisset,

i. e. Agesilaüs, Nep. Tim. 1, 12.—Also of the Spartan dogs, which (like the Newfoundland dogs with us) were famed for their strength and vigilance:

Molossus, aut fulvus Lacon, Amica vis pastoribus,

Hor. Epod. 6, 5; Ov. M. 3, 219; Sil. 3, 2, 95.— Plur.: Lăcōnes, um, m., the Laconians, Lacedæmonians, Spartans: consiliis nostris laus est attonsa Laconum, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 5, 17, 49; Prop. 3, 14 (4, 13), 33.—Also of Castor and Pollux, the sons of the Spartan, Leda:

Ledaei Lacones,

Mart. 1, 37, 2; 9, 4, 11:

sidus Laconum,

id. Spect. 26:

quod ei notus amor provexit in castra Laconas,

Claud. Idyll. 7, 37.—Comically, of parasites, for their endurance of humiliations:

nil morantur jam Lacones imi supselli viros, plagipatidas,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 11.—

Hence,

Lăcōnĭa, ae, f., a country of the Peloponnesus, of which Sparta, or Lacedæmon, was the capital city, Plin. 6, 34, 39, § 214 (al. Laconicam); 17, 18, 30, § 133; called also Lăcōnĭca, ae, f., = Lakônikê, Vell. 1, 3, 1; Plin. 25, 8, 53, § 94 al.; and Lăcōnĭ-cē, ēs, f., Nep. Tim. 2, 1; Mel. 2, 3, 4.—

Lăcōnĭcus, a, um, adj., = Lakônikos, of or belonging to Laconia, Laconian, Lacedæmonian:

sinus,

Mel. 2, 3, 8:

classis,

id. 2, 2, 7: clavem mi harunc aedium Laconicam jam jube efferri intus; hasce ego aedis occludam hanc foris, a key made with peculiar skill, one which fastened a lock trom without (whereas others closed it only from within), Plaut. Most. 2, 1, 57; cf.

Guhl & Koner, Life of Greeks and Romans, p. 465: purpurae,

Hor. C. 2, 18, 7:

canes,

Plin. 10, 63, 83, § 177:

brevitas,

Symm. Ep. 1, 8.— Subst.: Lăcōnĭcum, i, n. (sc. balnium), a sweating-room, a sweating-bath, first used by the Lacedæmonians, Vitr. 5, 10 fin.; Cic. Att. 4, 10, 2; Cels. 2, 17; Col. 1 praef. § 16.—

Lă-cōnis, ĭdis, f. adj., = Lakônis, Laconian, Lacedæmonian:

matre Laconide nati,

Ov. M. 3, 223.— Absol. for Laconia, Mel. 2, 3, 4.

Lăcō̆ or Lăcon, ōnis, m., = Lakôn, a Laconian, Lacedæmonian, Spartan:

flumen et regnata petam Laconi rura Phalanto,

Hor. C. 2, 6, 11:

Laconis illud dictum,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 14, 40; cf.:

Laconis illa vox,

id. ib. 1, 46, 111:

a quo cum Laco pecuniam numeratum accepisset,

i. e. Agesilaüs, Nep. Tim. 1, 12.—Also of the Spartan dogs, which (like the Newfoundland dogs with us) were famed for their strength and vigilance:

Molossus, aut fulvus Lacon, Amica vis pastoribus,

Hor. Epod. 6, 5; Ov. M. 3, 219; Sil. 3, 2, 95.— Plur.: Lăcōnes, um, m., the Laconians, Lacedæmonians, Spartans: consiliis nostris laus est attonsa Laconum, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 5, 17, 49; Prop. 3, 14 (4, 13), 33.—Also of Castor and Pollux, the sons of the Spartan, Leda:

Ledaei Lacones,

Mart. 1, 37, 2; 9, 4, 11:

sidus Laconum,

id. Spect. 26:

quod ei notus amor provexit in castra Laconas,

Claud. Idyll. 7, 37.—Comically, of parasites, for their endurance of humiliations:

nil morantur jam Lacones imi supselli viros, plagipatidas,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 11.—

Hence,

Lăcōnĭa, ae, f., a country of the Peloponnesus, of which Sparta, or Lacedæmon, was the capital city, Plin. 6, 34, 39, § 214 (al. Laconicam); 17, 18, 30, § 133; called also Lăcōnĭca, ae, f., = Lakônikê, Vell. 1, 3, 1; Plin. 25, 8, 53, § 94 al.; and Lăcōnĭ-cē, ēs, f., Nep. Tim. 2, 1; Mel. 2, 3, 4.—

Lăcōnĭcus, a, um, adj., = Lakônikos, of or belonging to Laconia, Laconian, Lacedæmonian:

sinus,

Mel. 2, 3, 8:

classis,

id. 2, 2, 7: clavem mi harunc aedium Laconicam jam jube efferri intus; hasce ego aedis occludam hanc foris, a key made with peculiar skill, one which fastened a lock trom without (whereas others closed it only from within), Plaut. Most. 2, 1, 57; cf.

Guhl & Koner, Life of Greeks and Romans, p. 465: purpurae,

Hor. C. 2, 18, 7:

canes,

Plin. 10, 63, 83, § 177:

brevitas,

Symm. Ep. 1, 8.— Subst.: Lăcōnĭcum, i, n. (sc. balnium), a sweating-room, a sweating-bath, first used by the Lacedæmonians, Vitr. 5, 10 fin.; Cic. Att. 4, 10, 2; Cels. 2, 17; Col. 1 praef. § 16.—

Lă-cōnis, ĭdis, f. adj., = Lakônis, Laconian, Lacedæmonian:

matre Laconide nati,

Ov. M. 3, 223.— Absol. for Laconia, Mel. 2, 3, 4.

Lăcō̆ or Lăcon, ōnis, m., = Lakôn, a Laconian, Lacedæmonian, Spartan:

flumen et regnata petam Laconi rura Phalanto,

Hor. C. 2, 6, 11:

Laconis illud dictum,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 14, 40; cf.:

Laconis illa vox,

id. ib. 1, 46, 111:

a quo cum Laco pecuniam numeratum accepisset,

i. e. Agesilaüs, Nep. Tim. 1, 12.—Also of the Spartan dogs, which (like the Newfoundland dogs with us) were famed for their strength and vigilance:

Molossus, aut fulvus Lacon, Amica vis pastoribus,

Hor. Epod. 6, 5; Ov. M. 3, 219; Sil. 3, 2, 95.— Plur.: Lăcōnes, um, m., the Laconians, Lacedæmonians, Spartans: consiliis nostris laus est attonsa Laconum, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 5, 17, 49; Prop. 3, 14 (4, 13), 33.—Also of Castor and Pollux, the sons of the Spartan, Leda:

Ledaei Lacones,

Mart. 1, 37, 2; 9, 4, 11:

sidus Laconum,

id. Spect. 26:

quod ei notus amor provexit in castra Laconas,

Claud. Idyll. 7, 37.—Comically, of parasites, for their endurance of humiliations:

nil morantur jam Lacones imi supselli viros, plagipatidas,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 11.—

Hence,

Lăcōnĭa, ae, f., a country of the Peloponnesus, of which Sparta, or Lacedæmon, was the capital city, Plin. 6, 34, 39, § 214 (al. Laconicam); 17, 18, 30, § 133; called also Lăcōnĭca, ae, f., = Lakônikê, Vell. 1, 3, 1; Plin. 25, 8, 53, § 94 al.; and Lăcōnĭ-cē, ēs, f., Nep. Tim. 2, 1; Mel. 2, 3, 4.—

Lăcōnĭcus, a, um, adj., = Lakônikos, of or belonging to Laconia, Laconian, Lacedæmonian:

sinus,

Mel. 2, 3, 8:

classis,

id. 2, 2, 7: clavem mi harunc aedium Laconicam jam jube efferri intus; hasce ego aedis occludam hanc foris, a key made with peculiar skill, one which fastened a lock trom without (whereas others closed it only from within), Plaut. Most. 2, 1, 57; cf.

Guhl & Koner, Life of Greeks and Romans, p. 465: purpurae,

Hor. C. 2, 18, 7:

canes,

Plin. 10, 63, 83, § 177:

brevitas,

Symm. Ep. 1, 8.— Subst.: Lăcōnĭcum, i, n. (sc. balnium), a sweating-room, a sweating-bath, first used by the Lacedæmonians, Vitr. 5, 10 fin.; Cic. Att. 4, 10, 2; Cels. 2, 17; Col. 1 praef. § 16.—

Lă-cōnis, ĭdis, f. adj., = Lakônis, Laconian, Lacedæmonian:

matre Laconide nati,

Ov. M. 3, 223.— Absol. for Laconia, Mel. 2, 3, 4.

Lăcō̆ or Lăcon, ōnis, m., = Lakôn, a Laconian, Lacedæmonian, Spartan:

flumen et regnata petam Laconi rura Phalanto,

Hor. C. 2, 6, 11:

Laconis illud dictum,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 14, 40; cf.:

Laconis illa vox,

id. ib. 1, 46, 111:

a quo cum Laco pecuniam numeratum accepisset,

i. e. Agesilaüs, Nep. Tim. 1, 12.—Also of the Spartan dogs, which (like the Newfoundland dogs with us) were famed for their strength and vigilance:

Molossus, aut fulvus Lacon, Amica vis pastoribus,

Hor. Epod. 6, 5; Ov. M. 3, 219; Sil. 3, 2, 95.— Plur.: Lăcōnes, um, m., the Laconians, Lacedæmonians, Spartans: consiliis nostris laus est attonsa Laconum, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 5, 17, 49; Prop. 3, 14 (4, 13), 33.—Also of Castor and Pollux, the sons of the Spartan, Leda:

Ledaei Lacones,

Mart. 1, 37, 2; 9, 4, 11:

sidus Laconum,

id. Spect. 26:

quod ei notus amor provexit in castra Laconas,

Claud. Idyll. 7, 37.—Comically, of parasites, for their endurance of humiliations:

nil morantur jam Lacones imi supselli viros, plagipatidas,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 11.—

Hence,

Lăcōnĭa, ae, f., a country of the Peloponnesus, of which Sparta, or Lacedæmon, was the capital city, Plin. 6, 34, 39, § 214 (al. Laconicam); 17, 18, 30, § 133; called also Lăcōnĭca, ae, f., = Lakônikê, Vell. 1, 3, 1; Plin. 25, 8, 53, § 94 al.; and Lăcōnĭ-cē, ēs, f., Nep. Tim. 2, 1; Mel. 2, 3, 4.—

Lăcōnĭcus, a, um, adj., = Lakônikos, of or belonging to Laconia, Laconian, Lacedæmonian:

sinus,

Mel. 2, 3, 8:

classis,

id. 2, 2, 7: clavem mi harunc aedium Laconicam jam jube efferri intus; hasce ego aedis occludam hanc foris, a key made with peculiar skill, one which fastened a lock trom without (whereas others closed it only from within), Plaut. Most. 2, 1, 57; cf.

Guhl & Koner, Life of Greeks and Romans, p. 465: purpurae,

Hor. C. 2, 18, 7:

canes,

Plin. 10, 63, 83, § 177:

brevitas,

Symm. Ep. 1, 8.— Subst.: Lăcōnĭcum, i, n. (sc. balnium), a sweating-room, a sweating-bath, first used by the Lacedæmonians, Vitr. 5, 10 fin.; Cic. Att. 4, 10, 2; Cels. 2, 17; Col. 1 praef. § 16.—

Lă-cōnis, ĭdis, f. adj., = Lakônis, Laconian, Lacedæmonian:

matre Laconide nati,

Ov. M. 3, 223.— Absol. for Laconia, Mel. 2, 3, 4.

Lăcō̆ or Lăcon, ōnis, m., = Lakôn, a Laconian, Lacedæmonian, Spartan:

flumen et regnata petam Laconi rura Phalanto,

Hor. C. 2, 6, 11:

Laconis illud dictum,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 14, 40; cf.:

Laconis illa vox,

id. ib. 1, 46, 111:

a quo cum Laco pecuniam numeratum accepisset,

i. e. Agesilaüs, Nep. Tim. 1, 12.—Also of the Spartan dogs, which (like the Newfoundland dogs with us) were famed for their strength and vigilance:

Molossus, aut fulvus Lacon, Amica vis pastoribus,

Hor. Epod. 6, 5; Ov. M. 3, 219; Sil. 3, 2, 95.— Plur.: Lăcōnes, um, m., the Laconians, Lacedæmonians, Spartans: consiliis nostris laus est attonsa Laconum, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 5, 17, 49; Prop. 3, 14 (4, 13), 33.—Also of Castor and Pollux, the sons of the Spartan, Leda:

Ledaei Lacones,

Mart. 1, 37, 2; 9, 4, 11:

sidus Laconum,

id. Spect. 26:

quod ei notus amor provexit in castra Laconas,

Claud. Idyll. 7, 37.—Comically, of parasites, for their endurance of humiliations:

nil morantur jam Lacones imi supselli viros, plagipatidas,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 11.—

Hence,

Lăcōnĭa, ae, f., a country of the Peloponnesus, of which Sparta, or Lacedæmon, was the capital city, Plin. 6, 34, 39, § 214 (al. Laconicam); 17, 18, 30, § 133; called also Lăcōnĭca, ae, f., = Lakônikê, Vell. 1, 3, 1; Plin. 25, 8, 53, § 94 al.; and Lăcōnĭ-cē, ēs, f., Nep. Tim. 2, 1; Mel. 2, 3, 4.—

Lăcōnĭcus, a, um, adj., = Lakônikos, of or belonging to Laconia, Laconian, Lacedæmonian:

sinus,

Mel. 2, 3, 8:

classis,

id. 2, 2, 7: clavem mi harunc aedium Laconicam jam jube efferri intus; hasce ego aedis occludam hanc foris, a key made with peculiar skill, one which fastened a lock trom without (whereas others closed it only from within), Plaut. Most. 2, 1, 57; cf.

Guhl & Koner, Life of Greeks and Romans, p. 465: purpurae,

Hor. C. 2, 18, 7:

canes,

Plin. 10, 63, 83, § 177:

brevitas,

Symm. Ep. 1, 8.— Subst.: Lăcōnĭcum, i, n. (sc. balnium), a sweating-room, a sweating-bath, first used by the Lacedæmonians, Vitr. 5, 10 fin.; Cic. Att. 4, 10, 2; Cels. 2, 17; Col. 1 praef. § 16.—

Lă-cōnis, ĭdis, f. adj., = Lakônis, Laconian, Lacedæmonian:

matre Laconide nati,

Ov. M. 3, 223.— Absol. for Laconia, Mel. 2, 3, 4.

Lăcō̆ or Lăcon, ōnis, m., = Lakôn, a Laconian, Lacedæmonian, Spartan:

flumen et regnata petam Laconi rura Phalanto,

Hor. C. 2, 6, 11:

Laconis illud dictum,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 14, 40; cf.:

Laconis illa vox,

id. ib. 1, 46, 111:

a quo cum Laco pecuniam numeratum accepisset,

i. e. Agesilaüs, Nep. Tim. 1, 12.—Also of the Spartan dogs, which (like the Newfoundland dogs with us) were famed for their strength and vigilance:

Molossus, aut fulvus Lacon, Amica vis pastoribus,

Hor. Epod. 6, 5; Ov. M. 3, 219; Sil. 3, 2, 95.— Plur.: Lăcōnes, um, m., the Laconians, Lacedæmonians, Spartans: consiliis nostris laus est attonsa Laconum, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 5, 17, 49; Prop. 3, 14 (4, 13), 33.—Also of Castor and Pollux, the sons of the Spartan, Leda:

Ledaei Lacones,

Mart. 1, 37, 2; 9, 4, 11:

sidus Laconum,

id. Spect. 26:

quod ei notus amor provexit in castra Laconas,

Claud. Idyll. 7, 37.—Comically, of parasites, for their endurance of humiliations:

nil morantur jam Lacones imi supselli viros, plagipatidas,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 11.—

Hence,

Lăcōnĭa, ae, f., a country of the Peloponnesus, of which Sparta, or Lacedæmon, was the capital city, Plin. 6, 34, 39, § 214 (al. Laconicam); 17, 18, 30, § 133; called also Lăcōnĭca, ae, f., = Lakônikê, Vell. 1, 3, 1; Plin. 25, 8, 53, § 94 al.; and Lăcōnĭ-cē, ēs, f., Nep. Tim. 2, 1; Mel. 2, 3, 4.—

Lăcōnĭcus, a, um, adj., = Lakônikos, of or belonging to Laconia, Laconian, Lacedæmonian:

sinus,

Mel. 2, 3, 8:

classis,

id. 2, 2, 7: clavem mi harunc aedium Laconicam jam jube efferri intus; hasce ego aedis occludam hanc foris, a key made with peculiar skill, one which fastened a lock trom without (whereas others closed it only from within), Plaut. Most. 2, 1, 57; cf.

Guhl & Koner, Life of Greeks and Romans, p. 465: purpurae,

Hor. C. 2, 18, 7:

canes,

Plin. 10, 63, 83, § 177:

brevitas,

Symm. Ep. 1, 8.— Subst.: Lăcōnĭcum, i, n. (sc. balnium), a sweating-room, a sweating-bath, first used by the Lacedæmonians, Vitr. 5, 10 fin.; Cic. Att. 4, 10, 2; Cels. 2, 17; Col. 1 praef. § 16.—

Lă-cōnis, ĭdis, f. adj., = Lakônis, Laconian, Lacedæmonian:

matre Laconide nati,

Ov. M. 3, 223.— Absol. for Laconia, Mel. 2, 3, 4.

Lăcō̆ or Lăcon, ōnis, m., = Lakôn, a Laconian, Lacedæmonian, Spartan:

flumen et regnata petam Laconi rura Phalanto,

Hor. C. 2, 6, 11:

Laconis illud dictum,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 14, 40; cf.:

Laconis illa vox,

id. ib. 1, 46, 111:

a quo cum Laco pecuniam numeratum accepisset,

i. e. Agesilaüs, Nep. Tim. 1, 12.—Also of the Spartan dogs, which (like the Newfoundland dogs with us) were famed for their strength and vigilance:

Molossus, aut fulvus Lacon, Amica vis pastoribus,

Hor. Epod. 6, 5; Ov. M. 3, 219; Sil. 3, 2, 95.— Plur.: Lăcōnes, um, m., the Laconians, Lacedæmonians, Spartans: consiliis nostris laus est attonsa Laconum, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 5, 17, 49; Prop. 3, 14 (4, 13), 33.—Also of Castor and Pollux, the sons of the Spartan, Leda:

Ledaei Lacones,

Mart. 1, 37, 2; 9, 4, 11:

sidus Laconum,

id. Spect. 26:

quod ei notus amor provexit in castra Laconas,

Claud. Idyll. 7, 37.—Comically, of parasites, for their endurance of humiliations:

nil morantur jam Lacones imi supselli viros, plagipatidas,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 11.—

Hence,

Lăcōnĭa, ae, f., a country of the Peloponnesus, of which Sparta, or Lacedæmon, was the capital city, Plin. 6, 34, 39, § 214 (al. Laconicam); 17, 18, 30, § 133; called also Lăcōnĭca, ae, f., = Lakônikê, Vell. 1, 3, 1; Plin. 25, 8, 53, § 94 al.; and Lăcōnĭ-cē, ēs, f., Nep. Tim. 2, 1; Mel. 2, 3, 4.—

Lăcōnĭcus, a, um, adj., = Lakônikos, of or belonging to Laconia, Laconian, Lacedæmonian:

sinus,

Mel. 2, 3, 8:

classis,

id. 2, 2, 7: clavem mi harunc aedium Laconicam jam jube efferri intus; hasce ego aedis occludam hanc foris, a key made with peculiar skill, one which fastened a lock trom without (whereas others closed it only from within), Plaut. Most. 2, 1, 57; cf.

Guhl & Koner, Life of Greeks and Romans, p. 465: purpurae,

Hor. C. 2, 18, 7:

canes,

Plin. 10, 63, 83, § 177:

brevitas,

Symm. Ep. 1, 8.— Subst.: Lăcōnĭcum, i, n. (sc. balnium), a sweating-room, a sweating-bath, first used by the Lacedæmonians, Vitr. 5, 10 fin.; Cic. Att. 4, 10, 2; Cels. 2, 17; Col. 1 praef. § 16.—

Lă-cōnis, ĭdis, f. adj., = Lakônis, Laconian, Lacedæmonian:

matre Laconide nati,

Ov. M. 3, 223.— Absol. for Laconia, Mel. 2, 3, 4.

lentŭlus, a, um, adj. dim. [lentus], rather slow:

lentulus aut restrictus,

Cic. Att. 10, 11, 2.

Lentŭlus, i, m., a surname of a distinguished family in the gens Cornelia.

Cn. Cornelius Lentulus Clodianus, consul 682 A. U. C., Cic. Balb. 8, 19; 14, 33; id. Verr. 2, 2, 39, § 95.—

Cn. Cornelius Lentulus Marcellinus, consul 698 A. U. C., Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 1, 2; 2, 6, 5; id. Brut. 70, 247.—

L. Cornelius Lentulus Crus, consul 705 A. U. C., Cic. Phil. 2, 21, 51; Hirt. B. G. 8, 50.—

P. Cornelius Lentulus Sura, one of Catiline's fellow-conspirators, Cic. Cat. 3, 3 sq.; Sall. C. 46.—

P. Cornelius Lentulus Spinther, the elder, a friend of Cicero, Cic. Fam. 13, 48; id. Brut. 77, 268; Juv. 7, 95.—

P. Cornelius Lentulus Spinther, son of the preceding, Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 11; 7, 26, 2; id. Att. 14, 11, 2.—Hence,

Len-tŭlĭtas, ātis, f., the name or nobility of a Lentulus, qs. Lentulity (a comically formed word of Cicero):

Appietas (the nobility of an Appius) aut Lentulitas,

Cic. Fam. 3, 7, 5.

lentŭlus, a, um, adj. dim. [lentus], rather slow:

lentulus aut restrictus,

Cic. Att. 10, 11, 2.

Lentŭlus, i, m., a surname of a distinguished family in the gens Cornelia.

Cn. Cornelius Lentulus Clodianus, consul 682 A. U. C., Cic. Balb. 8, 19; 14, 33; id. Verr. 2, 2, 39, § 95.—

Cn. Cornelius Lentulus Marcellinus, consul 698 A. U. C., Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 1, 2; 2, 6, 5; id. Brut. 70, 247.—

L. Cornelius Lentulus Crus, consul 705 A. U. C., Cic. Phil. 2, 21, 51; Hirt. B. G. 8, 50.—

P. Cornelius Lentulus Sura, one of Catiline's fellow-conspirators, Cic. Cat. 3, 3 sq.; Sall. C. 46.—

P. Cornelius Lentulus Spinther, the elder, a friend of Cicero, Cic. Fam. 13, 48; id. Brut. 77, 268; Juv. 7, 95.—

P. Cornelius Lentulus Spinther, son of the preceding, Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 11; 7, 26, 2; id. Att. 14, 11, 2.—Hence,

Len-tŭlĭtas, ātis, f., the name or nobility of a Lentulus, qs. Lentulity (a comically formed word of Cicero):

Appietas (the nobility of an Appius) aut Lentulitas,

Cic. Fam. 3, 7, 5.

līber, ĕra, ĕrum (old form, loebesum et loebertatem antiqui dicebant liberum et libertatem. Ita Graeci loibên et leibein, Paul. ex Fest. p. 121 Müll.; cf. 2. Liber), adj. [Gr. root liph-, liptô, to desire; cf. Sanscr. lub-dhas, desirous; Lat. libet, libido], that acts according to his own will and pleasure, is his own master; free, unrestricted, unrestrained, unimpeded, unshackled; independent, frank, open, bold (opp. servus, servilis).

In gen.; constr. absol., with ab, the abl., and poet. also with gen.

Absol.:

dictum est ab eruditissimis viris, nisi sapientem liberum esse neminem. Quid est enim libertas? Potestas vivendi ut velis,

Cic. Par. 5, 1, 33:

an ille mihi liber, cui mulier imperat, cui leges imponit, praescribit, jubet, vetat? etc.,

id. ib. 5, 2, 36:

ad scribendi licentiam liber,

id. N. D. 1, 44, 123:

agri immunes ac liberi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 69, § 166:

integro animo ac libero causam defendere,

unprejudiced, unbiased, id. Sull. 31, 86:

liberi ad causas solutique veniebant,

not under obligations, not bribed, id. Verr. 2, 2, 78 § 192; cf.:

libera lingua,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 2, 9:

cor liberum,

id. Ep. 1, 2, 43:

vocem liberam mittere adversus aliquem,

Liv. 35, 32, 6:

libera verba animi proferre,

Juv. 4, 90: judicium [p. 1057] audientium relinquere integrum ac liberum, Cic. Div. 2, 72, 150:

aliquid respuere ingenuo liberoque fastidio,

id. Brut. 67, 236:

libero tempore, cum soluta nobis est eligendi optio,

id. Fin. 1, 10, 33:

tibi uni vexatio direptioque sociorum impunita fuit ac libera,

id. Cat. 1, 7, 18:

pars quaestionum vaga et libera et late patens,

id. de Or. 2, 16, 67:

liberum arbitrium eis populo Romano permittente,

Liv. 31, 11 fin.; cf. id. 37, 1, 5:

mandata,

full powers, unlimited authority, id. 37, 56; 38, 8:

fenus,

unlimited, id. 35, 7: custodia, free custody (i. e. confinement to a house or to a town), id. 24, 45; Vell. 1, 11, 1;

v. custodia, II.: legatio, v. legatio: suffragia,

the right of voting freely, Juv. 8, 211:

locus,

free from intruders, undisturbed, secure, Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 49; 3, 2, 25; id. Cas. 3, 2, 4: aedes, a free house, free dwelling (assigned to the use of ambassadors of friendly nations during their stay in Rome), Liv. 30, 17 fin.; 35, 23; 42, 6:

lectulus,

i. e. not shared with a wife, Cic. Att. 14, 13, 5: toga ( poet. for virilis toga), a man's (prop. of one who is his own master), Ov. F. 3, 771:

vestis,

id. ib. 3, 777:

libera omnia sibi servare,

to reserve to one's self full liberty, Plin. Ep. 1, 5.— Comp.:

hoc liberiores et solutiores sumus, quod, etc.,

Cic. Ac. 2, 3, 8:

est finitimus oratori poëta, numeris astrictior paulo, verborum licentia liberior,

id. de Or. 1, 16, 70:

liberiores litterae,

id. Att. 1, 13, 1:

amicitia remissior esse debet et liberior et dulcior,

freer, more unrestrained, more cheerful, id. Lael. 18 fin.:

paulo liberior sententia,

Quint. 4, 2, 121:

liberior in utramque partem disputatio,

id. 7, 2, 14:

fusiores liberioresque numeri,

id. 9, 4, 130:

officia liberiora plenioraque,

id. 6, 1, 9:

(flumina) campo recepta Liberioris aquae,

freer, less impeded, Ov. M. 1, 41; cf.:

(Tiberinus) campo liberiore natat,

freer, opener, id. F. 4, 292:

liberiore frui caelo,

freer, opener, id. M. 15, 301.— Sup.:

liberrimum hominum genus, comici veteres tradunt, etc.,

the frankest, most free-spoken, Quint. 12, 2, 22; cf.:

liberrime Lolli,

most frank, most ingenuous, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 1:

indignatio,

id. Epod. 4, 10.—

Free or exempt from, void of; with ab:

Mamertini vacui, expertes, soluti ac liberi fuerunt ab omni sumptu, molestia, munere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 10, § 23; cf.:

(consul) solutus a cupiditatibus, liber a delictis,

id. Agr. 1, 9, 27:

ab observando homine perverso liber,

id. Att. 1, 13, 2:

liber a tali irrisione Socrates, liber Aristo Chius,

id. Ac. 2, 39, 123:

ab omni animi perturbatione liber,

id. Off. 1, 20, 67; id. N. D. 2, 21, 55:

loca abdita et ab arbitris libera,

id. Att. 15, 16, B:

libera a ferro crura,

Ov. P. 1, 6, 32:

animus liber a partibus rei publicae,

Sall. C. 4.—

With abl.:

animus omni liber curā et angore,

free from, without, Cic. Fin. 1, 15:

animus religione,

Liv. 2, 36:

animus cogitationibus aliis,

Quint. 11, 2, 35:

mens omnibus vitiis,

id. 12, 1, 4; cf.:

liberis odio et gratia mentibus,

id. 5, 11, 37:

omni liber metu,

Liv. 7, 34:

liber invidia,

Quint. 12, 11, 7:

equus carcere,

Ov. Am. 2, 9, 20.—

With gen. ( poet.):

liber laborum,

Hor. A. P. 212:

fati gens Lydia,

Verg. A. 10, 154:

curarum,

Luc. 4, 384. — Comp.:

liberior campi,

having a wider space, Stat. S. 4, 2, 24.—

Liberum est, with subject-clause:

quam (opinionem) sequi magis probantibus liberum est,

it is free, permitted, allowable, Quint. 6, 3, 112; Plin. Ep. 1, 8:

dies eligere certos liberum erat,

Plin. 30, 2, 6, § 16.—So in abl. absol.:

libero, quid firmaret mutaretve,

Tac. A. 3, 60.

In partic.

Free, in a social point of view, not a slave (opp. servus;

also to ingenuus): neque vendendam censes quae libera est,

Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 40; cf. id. ib. v. 28:

dis habeo gratiam quom aliquot affuerunt liberae, because slaves were not permitted to testify,

id. And. 4, 4, 32; opp. ingenuus, free-born:

quid ea? ingenuan' an festucā facta e servā liberast?

Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 14:

in jure civili, qui est matre liberā, liber est,

Cic. N. D. 3, 18, 45; id. Caecin. 36, 96:

si neque censu, neque vindictā, nec testamento liber factus est (servus), non est liber,

id. Top. 2, 10:

quae (assentatio) non modo amico, sed ne libero quidem digna est,

of a freeman, id. Lael. 24, 89; Quint. 11, 1, 43:

liberorum hominum alii ingenui sunt, alii libertini,

Gai. Inst. 1, 10; cf. sqq.: ex ancilla et libero jure gentium servus nascitur, id. ib. 1, 82; cf. § 85; Paul. Sent. 2, 24, 1 sqq.—

Free, in a political point of view;

said both of a people not under monarchical rule and of one not in subjection to another people,

Cic. Rep. 1, 32, 48; cf.:

ut ex nimia potentia principum oritur interitus principum, sic hunc nimis liberum populum libertas ipsa servitute afficit,

id. ib. 1, 44, 68:

liber populus,

id. ib. 3, 34, 46:

(Demaratus) vir liber ac fortis,

democratic, republican, fond of liberty, id. ib. 2, 19, 34:

civitates liberae atque immunes,

free from service, Liv. 37, 55:

provinciae civitatesque liberae,

Suet. Vesp. 8:

libera ac foederata oppida,

id. Calig. 3:

Roma patrem patriae Ciceronem libera dixit,

Juv. 8, 244.—

In a bad sense, esp. with reference to sensual pleasure, unbridled, unchecked, unrestrained, licentious:

quam liber harum rerum multarum siet (Juppiter),

Plaut. Am. prol. 105:

adulescens imprudens et liber,

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 40; cf.:

sit adulescentia liberior,

somewhat freer, Cic. Cael. 18, 42:

amores soluti et liberi,

id. Rep. 4, 4, 4:

consuetudo peccandi,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 76, § 177.—Hence, adv.: lībĕrē, freely, unrestrictedly, without let or hinderance; frankly, openly, boldly:

qui nihil dicit, nihil facit, nihil cogitat denique, nisi libenter ac libere,

Cic. Par. 5, 1, 34:

animus somno relaxatus solute movetur et libere,

id. Div. 2, 48, 100:

respirare,

id. Quint. 11, 39:

constanter et libere (me gessi),

id. Att. 4, 16, 9:

consilium dare,

id. Lael. 13, 44:

aliquid magis accusatorie quam libere dixisse,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 72, § 176:

omnia libere fingimus et impune,

Quint. 6, 1, 43:

ut ingredi libere (oratio), non ut licenter videatur errare,

Cic. Or. 23, 77.— Comp.:

liberius vivendi fuit potestas,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 23:

loqui,

Cic. Planc. 13, 33:

fortius liberiusque defendere,

Quint. 12, 1, 21:

liberius si Dixero quid,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 103:

maledicere,

id. ib. 2, 8, 37:

longius et liberius exseritur digitus,

Quint. 11, 3, 92; cf. id. 11, 3, 97:

ipsaque tellus Omnia liberius, nullo poscente, ferebat,

freely, of itself, spontaneously, Verg. G. 1, 127.

līber, ĕri ( gen. plur. liberūm, Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 9; Turp. ap. Non. 495, 26; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 40; 2, 1, 30, § 77; Tac. A. 2, 38; 3, 25 saep.; cf. Cic. Or. 46, 155;

but also: liberorum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 30, § 76; 2, 5, 42, § 109), m. [1. liber], a child.

Sing. (post-class. and rare):

si quis maximam portionem libero relinquat,

Cod. Just. 3, 28, 33; 5, 9, 8 fin.; Quint. Decl. 2, 8.—

Plur., children (freq.; but in class. Lat. only of children with reference to their parents: pueri = children in general, as younger than adulescentes; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 657 sq.).

Lit.: liberorum genus, Enn. ap. Cic. Or. 46, 155 (Trag. v. 347 Vahl.): liberorum sibi quaesendum gratia, id. ap. Fest. p. 258 Müll. (Trag. v. 161 Vahl.):

cum conjugibus et liberis,

Cic. Att. 8, 2, 3:

eum ex C. Fadii filiā liberos habuisse,

id. ib. 16, 11, 1:

liberos procreare,

id. Tusc. 5, 37, 109:

suscipere liberos,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 69, § 161:

per liberos te precor,

Hor. Epod. 5, 5:

dulces,

id. ib. 2, 40:

parvuli,

Quint. 2, 15, 8;

opp. parentes,

id. 11, 1, 82; 3, 7, 18; 26; 6, 1, 18; 6, 5 al.: mater quae liberos, quasi oculos (amisit), orba est, Sulp. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 182 Müll.: jus trium liberorum, under the emperors, a privilege enjoyed by those who had three legitimate children (it consisted in the permission to fill a public office before one's twenty-fifth year, and in freedom from personal burdens); this privilege was sometimes also bestowed on those who had fewer than three children, or even none at all; also of one child:

non est sine liberis, cui vel unus filius unave filia est,

Dig. 50, 16, 148; Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 6; Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 15; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 99; id. And. 5, 3, 20; Cic. Phil. 1, 1, 2; id. de Imp. Pomp. 12, 33; id. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 40; ib. 30, § 76 Zumpt; cf. also Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5:

neque ejus legendam filiam (virginem Vestalem)... qui liberos tres haberet,

Gell. 1, 12, 8:

uxores duxerant, ex quibus plerique liberos habebant,

Caes. B. C. 3, 110, 2.—Of grandchildren and great-grandchildren:

liberorum appellatione nepotes et pronepotes ceterique qui ex his descendunt, continentur,

Dig. 50, 16, 220; cf.:

liberi usque ad trinepotem, ultra hos posteriores vocantur,

ib. 38, 10, 10, § 7:

habitus sis in liberum loco,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 40.—

Esp.

Of sons (opp. daughters):

procreavit liberos septem totidemque filias,

Hyg. Fab. 9.—

Of children in gen. = pueri:

praecepta Chrysippi de liberorum educatione,

Quint. 1, 11, 17; cf.: Catus aut de liberis educandis, the title of a book by Varro, v. Gell. 4, 19, 2; Macr. S. 3, 6, 5.—

Transf., of animals, young:

liberis orbas oves,

Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 38.—Comically:

quaerunt litterae hae sibi liberos: alia aliam scandit,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 23.

Līber, ĕri (Sabine collat. form, loebasius, acc. to Serv. Verg. G. 1, 7; cf. 1. liber, and libertas init.), m. [Gr. leibô, to pour; loibê, a drink - offering; Lat. libare], an old Italian deity, who presided over planting and fructification; afterwards identified with the Greek Bacchus:

hunc dico Liberum Semelā natum, non eum, quem nostri majores auguste sancteque Liberum cum Cerere et Libera consecraverunt. Sed quod ex nobis natos liberos appellamus, idcirco Cerere nati nominati sunt Liber et Libera: quod in Libera servant, in Libero non item,

Cic. N. D. 2, 24, 62; cf. Serv. Verg. G. 1, 5; Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 19:

tertio (invocabo) Cererem et Liberum, quod horum fructus maxime necessarii ad victum: ab his enim cibus et potio venit e fundo,

Varr. R. R. 1, 1, 5:

Liber et alma Ceres,

Verg. G. 1, 7:

ex aede Liberi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 57, § 128;

in a pun with 1. liber,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 46; cf. id. Curc. 1, 2, 21; id. Stich. 5, 4, 17; so in a pun with liber, free:

quiaque adeo me complevi flore Liberi, Magis libera uti lingua collibitum est mihi,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 2, 8; cf.:

salve, anime mi, lepos Liberi, ut veteris ego sum cupida, etc.,

id. Curc. 1, 2, 3.— Connected with pater:

sic factum, ut Libero patri repertori vitis hirci immolarentur,

Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 19:

Romulus et Liber pater,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 5:

per vestigia Liberi patris,

Plin. 4, 10, 17, § 39:

patre favente Libero fetis palmitibus,

Col. 3, 21, 3:

Libero patri in monte res divina celebratur,

Macr. S. 1, 18, 4.—

Meton., wine:

illud, quod erat a deo donatum, nomine ipsius dei nuncupabant: ut cum fruges Cererem appellamus, vinum autem Liberum: ex quo illud Terentii (Eun. 4, 5, 6): sine Cerere et Libero friget Venus,

Cic. N. D. 2, 23, 60:

Liberum et Cererem pro vino et pane,

Quint. 8, 6, 24; cf. also Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 4 supra:

sed pressum Calibus ducere Liberum Si gestis, etc.,

Hor. C. 4, 12, 14:

condita cum verax aperit praecordia Liber,

id. S. 1, 4, 89.

lĭber, bri, m. [Gr. lepein, to peel; lepos, lepis; cf. lobos], the inner bark or rind of a tree.

Lit.

In gen.:

obducuntur libro aut cortice trunci,

Cic. N. D. 2, 47, 120:

colligatae libris (arundines),

Varr. R. R. 1, 8, 4:

udoque docent (germen) inolescere libro,

Verg. G. 2, 77:

natam libro et silvestri subere clausam,

id. A. 11, 554; id. E. 10, 67:

quam denso fascia libro,

Juv. 6, 263.—

Esp., because the ancients used the bark or rind of trees to write upon; usually the thin rind of the Egyptian papyrus, on which the books of the Greeks and Romans were usually written (v. Dict. of Antiq. p. 587 sq.):

antea non fuisse chartarum usum. In palmarum foliis primo scriptitatum, dein quarundam arborum libris,

Plin. 13, 11, 21, § 69.—Hence,

Transf.

Paper, parchment, or rolls of any substance used to write upon (cf.:

charta, membrana): quasi quom in libro scribuntur calamo litterae,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 131.—

Most freq. a book, work, treatise:

Demetrii liber de concordia,

Cic. Att. 8, 12, 6:

quas (sententias) hoc libro exposui,

id. Lael. 1, 3; cf. id. ib. 1, 5:

dixi in eo libro, quem de rebus rusticis scripsi,

id. de Sen. 15, 54:

libros pervolutare,

id. Att. 5, 12, 2:

evolvere,

id. Tusc. 1, 11, 24:

volvere,

id. Brut. 87, 298:

legere,

id. Fam. 6, 6, 8:

edere,

id. Fat. 1, 1:

libri confectio,

id. de Sen. 1, 1:

tempus ad libros vacuum,

id. Rep. 1, 9, 14:

cujus (Platonis) in libris,

id. ib. 1, 10, 16:

in Graecorum libris,

id. ib. 2, 11, 21:

librum, si malus est, nequeo laudare,

Juv. 3, 41:

actorum libri,

the official gazette, id. 9, 84; cf. 2, 136; and v. Dict. Antiq. s. v. Acta.—

In partic.

A division of a work a look:

tres libri perfecti sunt de Natura Deorum,

Cic. Div. 2, 1, 3:

hi tres libri (de Officiis),

id. Off. 3, 33, 121:

sermo in novem libros distributus,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 1:

dictum est in libro superiore,

id. Off. 2, 13, 43 [p. 1058] sicut superiore libro continetur, Quint. 11, 1, 1:

versus de libro Ennii annali sexto,

id. 6, 3, 86:

liber primus, secundus, tertius, etc.,

id. 8, 1, 2; 10, 2, 20; 11, 1, 4 al. —Sometimes, in this latter case, liber is omitted:

in T. Livii primo,

Quint. 9, 2, 37:

in tertio de Oratore,

id. 9, 1, 26:

legi tuum nuper quartum de Finibus,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 11, 32.—

In relig. or pub. law lang., a religious book, scriptures; a statute - book, code:

decemviris adire libros jussis,

i. e. the Sibylline books, Liv. 34, 55; 21, 62; 25, 12:

se cum legeret libros, recordatum esse, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 4, 11:

ut in libris est Etruscorum,

id. Div. 2, 23, 50; id. Att. 9, 9, 3:

caerimoniarum,

rituals, Tac. A. 3, 38.—

A list, catalogue, register, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 71, § 167.—

A letter, epistle, Nep. Lys. 4, 2; Plin. Ep. 2, 1, 5.—

A rescript, decree (post-Aug.):

liber principis severus et tamen moderatus,

Plin. Ep. 5, 14, 8.

līber, ĕra, ĕrum (old form, loebesum et loebertatem antiqui dicebant liberum et libertatem. Ita Graeci loibên et leibein, Paul. ex Fest. p. 121 Müll.; cf. 2. Liber), adj. [Gr. root liph-, liptô, to desire; cf. Sanscr. lub-dhas, desirous; Lat. libet, libido], that acts according to his own will and pleasure, is his own master; free, unrestricted, unrestrained, unimpeded, unshackled; independent, frank, open, bold (opp. servus, servilis).

In gen.; constr. absol., with ab, the abl., and poet. also with gen.

Absol.:

dictum est ab eruditissimis viris, nisi sapientem liberum esse neminem. Quid est enim libertas? Potestas vivendi ut velis,

Cic. Par. 5, 1, 33:

an ille mihi liber, cui mulier imperat, cui leges imponit, praescribit, jubet, vetat? etc.,

id. ib. 5, 2, 36:

ad scribendi licentiam liber,

id. N. D. 1, 44, 123:

agri immunes ac liberi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 69, § 166:

integro animo ac libero causam defendere,

unprejudiced, unbiased, id. Sull. 31, 86:

liberi ad causas solutique veniebant,

not under obligations, not bribed, id. Verr. 2, 2, 78 § 192; cf.:

libera lingua,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 2, 9:

cor liberum,

id. Ep. 1, 2, 43:

vocem liberam mittere adversus aliquem,

Liv. 35, 32, 6:

libera verba animi proferre,

Juv. 4, 90: judicium [p. 1057] audientium relinquere integrum ac liberum, Cic. Div. 2, 72, 150:

aliquid respuere ingenuo liberoque fastidio,

id. Brut. 67, 236:

libero tempore, cum soluta nobis est eligendi optio,

id. Fin. 1, 10, 33:

tibi uni vexatio direptioque sociorum impunita fuit ac libera,

id. Cat. 1, 7, 18:

pars quaestionum vaga et libera et late patens,

id. de Or. 2, 16, 67:

liberum arbitrium eis populo Romano permittente,

Liv. 31, 11 fin.; cf. id. 37, 1, 5:

mandata,

full powers, unlimited authority, id. 37, 56; 38, 8:

fenus,

unlimited, id. 35, 7: custodia, free custody (i. e. confinement to a house or to a town), id. 24, 45; Vell. 1, 11, 1;

v. custodia, II.: legatio, v. legatio: suffragia,

the right of voting freely, Juv. 8, 211:

locus,

free from intruders, undisturbed, secure, Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 49; 3, 2, 25; id. Cas. 3, 2, 4: aedes, a free house, free dwelling (assigned to the use of ambassadors of friendly nations during their stay in Rome), Liv. 30, 17 fin.; 35, 23; 42, 6:

lectulus,

i. e. not shared with a wife, Cic. Att. 14, 13, 5: toga ( poet. for virilis toga), a man's (prop. of one who is his own master), Ov. F. 3, 771:

vestis,

id. ib. 3, 777:

libera omnia sibi servare,

to reserve to one's self full liberty, Plin. Ep. 1, 5.— Comp.:

hoc liberiores et solutiores sumus, quod, etc.,

Cic. Ac. 2, 3, 8:

est finitimus oratori poëta, numeris astrictior paulo, verborum licentia liberior,

id. de Or. 1, 16, 70:

liberiores litterae,

id. Att. 1, 13, 1:

amicitia remissior esse debet et liberior et dulcior,

freer, more unrestrained, more cheerful, id. Lael. 18 fin.:

paulo liberior sententia,

Quint. 4, 2, 121:

liberior in utramque partem disputatio,

id. 7, 2, 14:

fusiores liberioresque numeri,

id. 9, 4, 130:

officia liberiora plenioraque,

id. 6, 1, 9:

(flumina) campo recepta Liberioris aquae,

freer, less impeded, Ov. M. 1, 41; cf.:

(Tiberinus) campo liberiore natat,

freer, opener, id. F. 4, 292:

liberiore frui caelo,

freer, opener, id. M. 15, 301.— Sup.:

liberrimum hominum genus, comici veteres tradunt, etc.,

the frankest, most free-spoken, Quint. 12, 2, 22; cf.:

liberrime Lolli,

most frank, most ingenuous, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 1:

indignatio,

id. Epod. 4, 10.—

Free or exempt from, void of; with ab:

Mamertini vacui, expertes, soluti ac liberi fuerunt ab omni sumptu, molestia, munere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 10, § 23; cf.:

(consul) solutus a cupiditatibus, liber a delictis,

id. Agr. 1, 9, 27:

ab observando homine perverso liber,

id. Att. 1, 13, 2:

liber a tali irrisione Socrates, liber Aristo Chius,

id. Ac. 2, 39, 123:

ab omni animi perturbatione liber,

id. Off. 1, 20, 67; id. N. D. 2, 21, 55:

loca abdita et ab arbitris libera,

id. Att. 15, 16, B:

libera a ferro crura,

Ov. P. 1, 6, 32:

animus liber a partibus rei publicae,

Sall. C. 4.—

With abl.:

animus omni liber curā et angore,

free from, without, Cic. Fin. 1, 15:

animus religione,

Liv. 2, 36:

animus cogitationibus aliis,

Quint. 11, 2, 35:

mens omnibus vitiis,

id. 12, 1, 4; cf.:

liberis odio et gratia mentibus,

id. 5, 11, 37:

omni liber metu,

Liv. 7, 34:

liber invidia,

Quint. 12, 11, 7:

equus carcere,

Ov. Am. 2, 9, 20.—

With gen. ( poet.):

liber laborum,

Hor. A. P. 212:

fati gens Lydia,

Verg. A. 10, 154:

curarum,

Luc. 4, 384. — Comp.:

liberior campi,

having a wider space, Stat. S. 4, 2, 24.—

Liberum est, with subject-clause:

quam (opinionem) sequi magis probantibus liberum est,

it is free, permitted, allowable, Quint. 6, 3, 112; Plin. Ep. 1, 8:

dies eligere certos liberum erat,

Plin. 30, 2, 6, § 16.—So in abl. absol.:

libero, quid firmaret mutaretve,

Tac. A. 3, 60.

In partic.

Free, in a social point of view, not a slave (opp. servus;

also to ingenuus): neque vendendam censes quae libera est,

Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 40; cf. id. ib. v. 28:

dis habeo gratiam quom aliquot affuerunt liberae, because slaves were not permitted to testify,

id. And. 4, 4, 32; opp. ingenuus, free-born:

quid ea? ingenuan' an festucā facta e servā liberast?

Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 14:

in jure civili, qui est matre liberā, liber est,

Cic. N. D. 3, 18, 45; id. Caecin. 36, 96:

si neque censu, neque vindictā, nec testamento liber factus est (servus), non est liber,

id. Top. 2, 10:

quae (assentatio) non modo amico, sed ne libero quidem digna est,

of a freeman, id. Lael. 24, 89; Quint. 11, 1, 43:

liberorum hominum alii ingenui sunt, alii libertini,

Gai. Inst. 1, 10; cf. sqq.: ex ancilla et libero jure gentium servus nascitur, id. ib. 1, 82; cf. § 85; Paul. Sent. 2, 24, 1 sqq.—

Free, in a political point of view;

said both of a people not under monarchical rule and of one not in subjection to another people,

Cic. Rep. 1, 32, 48; cf.:

ut ex nimia potentia principum oritur interitus principum, sic hunc nimis liberum populum libertas ipsa servitute afficit,

id. ib. 1, 44, 68:

liber populus,

id. ib. 3, 34, 46:

(Demaratus) vir liber ac fortis,

democratic, republican, fond of liberty, id. ib. 2, 19, 34:

civitates liberae atque immunes,

free from service, Liv. 37, 55:

provinciae civitatesque liberae,

Suet. Vesp. 8:

libera ac foederata oppida,

id. Calig. 3:

Roma patrem patriae Ciceronem libera dixit,

Juv. 8, 244.—

In a bad sense, esp. with reference to sensual pleasure, unbridled, unchecked, unrestrained, licentious:

quam liber harum rerum multarum siet (Juppiter),

Plaut. Am. prol. 105:

adulescens imprudens et liber,

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 40; cf.:

sit adulescentia liberior,

somewhat freer, Cic. Cael. 18, 42:

amores soluti et liberi,

id. Rep. 4, 4, 4:

consuetudo peccandi,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 76, § 177.—Hence, adv.: lībĕrē, freely, unrestrictedly, without let or hinderance; frankly, openly, boldly:

qui nihil dicit, nihil facit, nihil cogitat denique, nisi libenter ac libere,

Cic. Par. 5, 1, 34:

animus somno relaxatus solute movetur et libere,

id. Div. 2, 48, 100:

respirare,

id. Quint. 11, 39:

constanter et libere (me gessi),

id. Att. 4, 16, 9:

consilium dare,

id. Lael. 13, 44:

aliquid magis accusatorie quam libere dixisse,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 72, § 176:

omnia libere fingimus et impune,

Quint. 6, 1, 43:

ut ingredi libere (oratio), non ut licenter videatur errare,

Cic. Or. 23, 77.— Comp.:

liberius vivendi fuit potestas,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 23:

loqui,

Cic. Planc. 13, 33:

fortius liberiusque defendere,

Quint. 12, 1, 21:

liberius si Dixero quid,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 103:

maledicere,

id. ib. 2, 8, 37:

longius et liberius exseritur digitus,

Quint. 11, 3, 92; cf. id. 11, 3, 97:

ipsaque tellus Omnia liberius, nullo poscente, ferebat,

freely, of itself, spontaneously, Verg. G. 1, 127.

līber, ĕri ( gen. plur. liberūm, Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 9; Turp. ap. Non. 495, 26; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 40; 2, 1, 30, § 77; Tac. A. 2, 38; 3, 25 saep.; cf. Cic. Or. 46, 155;

but also: liberorum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 30, § 76; 2, 5, 42, § 109), m. [1. liber], a child.

Sing. (post-class. and rare):

si quis maximam portionem libero relinquat,

Cod. Just. 3, 28, 33; 5, 9, 8 fin.; Quint. Decl. 2, 8.—

Plur., children (freq.; but in class. Lat. only of children with reference to their parents: pueri = children in general, as younger than adulescentes; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 657 sq.).

Lit.: liberorum genus, Enn. ap. Cic. Or. 46, 155 (Trag. v. 347 Vahl.): liberorum sibi quaesendum gratia, id. ap. Fest. p. 258 Müll. (Trag. v. 161 Vahl.):

cum conjugibus et liberis,

Cic. Att. 8, 2, 3:

eum ex C. Fadii filiā liberos habuisse,

id. ib. 16, 11, 1:

liberos procreare,

id. Tusc. 5, 37, 109:

suscipere liberos,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 69, § 161:

per liberos te precor,

Hor. Epod. 5, 5:

dulces,

id. ib. 2, 40:

parvuli,

Quint. 2, 15, 8;

opp. parentes,

id. 11, 1, 82; 3, 7, 18; 26; 6, 1, 18; 6, 5 al.: mater quae liberos, quasi oculos (amisit), orba est, Sulp. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 182 Müll.: jus trium liberorum, under the emperors, a privilege enjoyed by those who had three legitimate children (it consisted in the permission to fill a public office before one's twenty-fifth year, and in freedom from personal burdens); this privilege was sometimes also bestowed on those who had fewer than three children, or even none at all; also of one child:

non est sine liberis, cui vel unus filius unave filia est,

Dig. 50, 16, 148; Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 6; Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 15; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 99; id. And. 5, 3, 20; Cic. Phil. 1, 1, 2; id. de Imp. Pomp. 12, 33; id. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 40; ib. 30, § 76 Zumpt; cf. also Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5:

neque ejus legendam filiam (virginem Vestalem)... qui liberos tres haberet,

Gell. 1, 12, 8:

uxores duxerant, ex quibus plerique liberos habebant,

Caes. B. C. 3, 110, 2.—Of grandchildren and great-grandchildren:

liberorum appellatione nepotes et pronepotes ceterique qui ex his descendunt, continentur,

Dig. 50, 16, 220; cf.:

liberi usque ad trinepotem, ultra hos posteriores vocantur,

ib. 38, 10, 10, § 7:

habitus sis in liberum loco,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 40.—

Esp.

Of sons (opp. daughters):

procreavit liberos septem totidemque filias,

Hyg. Fab. 9.—

Of children in gen. = pueri:

praecepta Chrysippi de liberorum educatione,

Quint. 1, 11, 17; cf.: Catus aut de liberis educandis, the title of a book by Varro, v. Gell. 4, 19, 2; Macr. S. 3, 6, 5.—

Transf., of animals, young:

liberis orbas oves,

Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 38.—Comically:

quaerunt litterae hae sibi liberos: alia aliam scandit,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 23.

Līber, ĕri (Sabine collat. form, loebasius, acc. to Serv. Verg. G. 1, 7; cf. 1. liber, and libertas init.), m. [Gr. leibô, to pour; loibê, a drink - offering; Lat. libare], an old Italian deity, who presided over planting and fructification; afterwards identified with the Greek Bacchus:

hunc dico Liberum Semelā natum, non eum, quem nostri majores auguste sancteque Liberum cum Cerere et Libera consecraverunt. Sed quod ex nobis natos liberos appellamus, idcirco Cerere nati nominati sunt Liber et Libera: quod in Libera servant, in Libero non item,

Cic. N. D. 2, 24, 62; cf. Serv. Verg. G. 1, 5; Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 19:

tertio (invocabo) Cererem et Liberum, quod horum fructus maxime necessarii ad victum: ab his enim cibus et potio venit e fundo,

Varr. R. R. 1, 1, 5:

Liber et alma Ceres,

Verg. G. 1, 7:

ex aede Liberi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 57, § 128;

in a pun with 1. liber,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 46; cf. id. Curc. 1, 2, 21; id. Stich. 5, 4, 17; so in a pun with liber, free:

quiaque adeo me complevi flore Liberi, Magis libera uti lingua collibitum est mihi,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 2, 8; cf.:

salve, anime mi, lepos Liberi, ut veteris ego sum cupida, etc.,

id. Curc. 1, 2, 3.— Connected with pater:

sic factum, ut Libero patri repertori vitis hirci immolarentur,

Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 19:

Romulus et Liber pater,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 5:

per vestigia Liberi patris,

Plin. 4, 10, 17, § 39:

patre favente Libero fetis palmitibus,

Col. 3, 21, 3:

Libero patri in monte res divina celebratur,

Macr. S. 1, 18, 4.—

Meton., wine:

illud, quod erat a deo donatum, nomine ipsius dei nuncupabant: ut cum fruges Cererem appellamus, vinum autem Liberum: ex quo illud Terentii (Eun. 4, 5, 6): sine Cerere et Libero friget Venus,

Cic. N. D. 2, 23, 60:

Liberum et Cererem pro vino et pane,

Quint. 8, 6, 24; cf. also Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 4 supra:

sed pressum Calibus ducere Liberum Si gestis, etc.,

Hor. C. 4, 12, 14:

condita cum verax aperit praecordia Liber,

id. S. 1, 4, 89.

lĭber, bri, m. [Gr. lepein, to peel; lepos, lepis; cf. lobos], the inner bark or rind of a tree.

Lit.

In gen.:

obducuntur libro aut cortice trunci,

Cic. N. D. 2, 47, 120:

colligatae libris (arundines),

Varr. R. R. 1, 8, 4:

udoque docent (germen) inolescere libro,

Verg. G. 2, 77:

natam libro et silvestri subere clausam,

id. A. 11, 554; id. E. 10, 67:

quam denso fascia libro,

Juv. 6, 263.—

Esp., because the ancients used the bark or rind of trees to write upon; usually the thin rind of the Egyptian papyrus, on which the books of the Greeks and Romans were usually written (v. Dict. of Antiq. p. 587 sq.):

antea non fuisse chartarum usum. In palmarum foliis primo scriptitatum, dein quarundam arborum libris,

Plin. 13, 11, 21, § 69.—Hence,

Transf.

Paper, parchment, or rolls of any substance used to write upon (cf.:

charta, membrana): quasi quom in libro scribuntur calamo litterae,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 131.—

Most freq. a book, work, treatise:

Demetrii liber de concordia,

Cic. Att. 8, 12, 6:

quas (sententias) hoc libro exposui,

id. Lael. 1, 3; cf. id. ib. 1, 5:

dixi in eo libro, quem de rebus rusticis scripsi,

id. de Sen. 15, 54:

libros pervolutare,

id. Att. 5, 12, 2:

evolvere,

id. Tusc. 1, 11, 24:

volvere,

id. Brut. 87, 298:

legere,

id. Fam. 6, 6, 8:

edere,

id. Fat. 1, 1:

libri confectio,

id. de Sen. 1, 1:

tempus ad libros vacuum,

id. Rep. 1, 9, 14:

cujus (Platonis) in libris,

id. ib. 1, 10, 16:

in Graecorum libris,

id. ib. 2, 11, 21:

librum, si malus est, nequeo laudare,

Juv. 3, 41:

actorum libri,

the official gazette, id. 9, 84; cf. 2, 136; and v. Dict. Antiq. s. v. Acta.—

In partic.

A division of a work a look:

tres libri perfecti sunt de Natura Deorum,

Cic. Div. 2, 1, 3:

hi tres libri (de Officiis),

id. Off. 3, 33, 121:

sermo in novem libros distributus,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 1:

dictum est in libro superiore,

id. Off. 2, 13, 43 [p. 1058] sicut superiore libro continetur, Quint. 11, 1, 1:

versus de libro Ennii annali sexto,

id. 6, 3, 86:

liber primus, secundus, tertius, etc.,

id. 8, 1, 2; 10, 2, 20; 11, 1, 4 al. —Sometimes, in this latter case, liber is omitted:

in T. Livii primo,

Quint. 9, 2, 37:

in tertio de Oratore,

id. 9, 1, 26:

legi tuum nuper quartum de Finibus,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 11, 32.—

In relig. or pub. law lang., a religious book, scriptures; a statute - book, code:

decemviris adire libros jussis,

i. e. the Sibylline books, Liv. 34, 55; 21, 62; 25, 12:

se cum legeret libros, recordatum esse, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 4, 11:

ut in libris est Etruscorum,

id. Div. 2, 23, 50; id. Att. 9, 9, 3:

caerimoniarum,

rituals, Tac. A. 3, 38.—

A list, catalogue, register, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 71, § 167.—

A letter, epistle, Nep. Lys. 4, 2; Plin. Ep. 2, 1, 5.—

A rescript, decree (post-Aug.):

liber principis severus et tamen moderatus,

Plin. Ep. 5, 14, 8.

littĕra (less correctly lītĕra), ae, f. [lino, q. v.], a letter, a written sign or mark signifying a sound.

Lit.:

cubitum hercle longis litteris signabo jam usquequaque, si quis, etc.,

Plaut. Rud. 5, 2, 7:

quid hae locuntur litterae?

id. Bacch. 4, 7, 3; cf.: quid istae narrant? Tox. Perconctare ex ipsis;

ipsae tibi narrabunt,

id. Pers. 4, 3, 29:

sus rostro si humi A litteram impresserit,

Cic. Div. 1, 13, 23:

priscarum litterarum notae,

id. ib. 2, 41, 85:

maximis litteris incisum,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 63, § 154 fin.:

lenis appellatio litterarum,

id. Brut. 74, 159:

suavis appellatio litterarum,

Quint. 11, 3, 35:

quae si nostris litteris scribantur,

id. 12, 10, 28 litterarum ordine, in alphabetical order, Plin. 37, 9, 54, § 138:

verba primis litteris notare, Prob. de Not. Signif. 1 Huschke: digerere in litteram,

to arrange alphabetically, Sen. Ep. 68, 18: scire litteras, [p. 1072] to be able to read and write, Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 23; Vitr. 1, 1, 14:

nescire litteras,

not to be able to read and write, id. Clem. 2, 1, 2; Suet. Ner. 10:

scribere aureis litteris,

Gai. Inst. 2, 77:

scientia litterarum,

the art of writing, Dig. 29, 2, 93:

facere litteram or litteras,

to write, Plaut. As. 4, 1, 22; Cic. Ac. 2, 2, 6.—In the language of comedy:

homo trium litterarum, i. e. fur,

a thief, Plaut. Aul. 2, 4, 46: litteram ex se longam facere, i. e. to make an I by hanging perpendicularly, to hang one's self:

neque quicquam meliust mihi, ut opinor, quam ex me ut faciam litteram longam, meum laqueo collum quando obstrinxero,

id. ib. 1, 1, 37:

littera salutaris, i. e. A. (absolvo) and tristis, i. e. C. (condemno), which were put on the voting-tablets,

Cic. Mil. 6, 15.—

Transf.

A word, a line:

ad me litteram numquam misit,

Cic. Fam. 2, 17, 6: ad litteram, word for word, literally:

locum ad litteram subjeci,

Quint. 9, 1, 15.—

A handwriting:

Alexidis manum amabam, quod tam prope accedebat ad similitudinem tuae litterae,

Cic. Att. 7, 2, 3; cf.:

arguit ipsorum quos littera,

Juv. 13, 138 (v. also infra B. 1. fin.).—

Usually plur.

Littĕrae, ārum, f., a letter, epistle: litteras resignare, to unseal or open a letter, Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 65:

ut litterarum ego harum sermonem audio,

id. Ps. 1, 1, 97; Cic. Att. 1, 13, 1:

dare alicui litteras ad aliquem,

id. Cat. 3, 4, 9:

litteras mittere,

id. Att. 5, 21, 2:

reddere alicui,

id. ib. 5, 21, 4:

accipere,

id. ib. 5, 21, 7:

remittere,

id. ib. 11, 16, 4:

nullas iis praeterquam ad te et ad Brutum dedi litteras,

id. Fam. 3, 7, 1:

queri apud aliquem per litteras,

id. Att. 5, 21, 13: invitare aliquem perlitteras id. ib. 13, 2, 2:

civitatum animos litteris temptare,

Caes. B. C. 1, 40, 1: litterae missae, a letter sent by a person: litterae allatae, a letter received: hence, liber litterarum missarum et allatarum, a letter-book:

L. M. (i. e. litterae missae)... L. A. (i. e. litterae allatae), etc.,

Cic. Font. 4, 8; id. Verr. 2, 3, 71, § 167.—In poets also sometimes in sing.:

quam legis a rapta Briseide littera venit,

Ov. H. 3, 1; 5, 2; id. M. 9, 515; Tib. 3, 2, 27; Mart. 10, 73 al.—

A writing, document, paper:

litterae publicae,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 63, § 140; 2, 4, 16, § 35; esp. a written acknowledgment:

littera poscetur,

Ov. A. A. 1, 428.—

An account-book:

ratio omnis et litterae,

Cic. Quint. 11, 37; id. Verr. 2, 4, 12, § 27.—

An edict, ordinance:

praetoris litterae,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 22, § 56:

litteras revocavit,

letter of appointment, commission, Suet. Vesp. 8. —

Written monuments, records, literature:

abest historia litteris nostris,

is wanting in our literature, Cic. Leg. 1, 2, 5:

Graecae de philosophia litterae,

philosophical literature, id. Div. 2, 2, 5:

genus hoc scriptionis nondum satis Latinis litteris illustratae,

id. Brut. 64, 228; id. Tusc. 1, 1, 1; id. Fin. 1, 2, 4:

Graecis litteris studere,

id. Brut. 20, 78:

damnum Hortensii interitu Latinae litterae fecerunt,

id. ib. 33, 125:

nullam artem litteris sine interprete et sine aliqua exercitatione percipi posse,

merely from books, id. Fam. 7, 19:

quod litteris exstet, Pherecydes primum dixit animos hominum esse sempiternos,

id. Tusc. 1, 16, 38:

parvae et rarae per eadem tempora litterae fuere,

Liv. 6, 1, 2; 7, 3, 6:

Etruscae,

id. 9, 36, 3:

paucissimos adhuc eloquentes litterae Romanae tulerunt,

Quint. 10, 1, 123: amor litterarum, id. prooem. 6.—

History, inasmuch as it is derived from written monuments:

cupidissimus litterarum fuit,

Nep. Cat. 3, 1; id. Pelop. 1:

parvae et rarae per eadem tempora litterae fuere,

Liv. 6, 1.—

Literary labor, composition:

omnis varietas litterarum mearum,

Cic. Fam. 15, 4, 12:

non nihil temporis tribuit litteris,

Nep. Hann. 13, 2.—

An inscription, Ov. M. 11, 706.—

Learning, the sciences, liberal education, scholarship, letters:

sit mihi orator tinctus litteris: audierit aliquid, legerit,

Cic. de Or. 2, 20, 85:

erant in eo plurimae litterae,

id. Brut. 76, 265:

homo communium litterarum, et politioris humanitatis non expers,

id. de Or. 2, 7, 28:

homo sine ingenio, sine litteris,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 44, § 98:

fuit in illo ingenium, ratio, memoria, litterae, cura, cogitatio, diligentia,

id. Phil. 2, 45, 116:

mihi nihil libri, nihil litterae, nihil doctrina prodest,

id. Att. 9, 10, 2:

litterarum scientia,

id. Brut. 42, 153:

litterarum coguitio,

id. de Or. 3, 32, 127: nescire litteras, to be without a liberal education, id. Brut. 74, 259:

altiores litterae,

magic, Plin. 14, 4, 5, § 51.—Comically of the art of love: Litteras didicisti;

quando scis, sine alios discere,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 22.

littĕra (less correctly lītĕra), ae, f. [lino, q. v.], a letter, a written sign or mark signifying a sound.

Lit.:

cubitum hercle longis litteris signabo jam usquequaque, si quis, etc.,

Plaut. Rud. 5, 2, 7:

quid hae locuntur litterae?

id. Bacch. 4, 7, 3; cf.: quid istae narrant? Tox. Perconctare ex ipsis;

ipsae tibi narrabunt,

id. Pers. 4, 3, 29:

sus rostro si humi A litteram impresserit,

Cic. Div. 1, 13, 23:

priscarum litterarum notae,

id. ib. 2, 41, 85:

maximis litteris incisum,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 63, § 154 fin.:

lenis appellatio litterarum,

id. Brut. 74, 159:

suavis appellatio litterarum,

Quint. 11, 3, 35:

quae si nostris litteris scribantur,

id. 12, 10, 28 litterarum ordine, in alphabetical order, Plin. 37, 9, 54, § 138:

verba primis litteris notare, Prob. de Not. Signif. 1 Huschke: digerere in litteram,

to arrange alphabetically, Sen. Ep. 68, 18: scire litteras, [p. 1072] to be able to read and write, Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 23; Vitr. 1, 1, 14:

nescire litteras,

not to be able to read and write, id. Clem. 2, 1, 2; Suet. Ner. 10:

scribere aureis litteris,

Gai. Inst. 2, 77:

scientia litterarum,

the art of writing, Dig. 29, 2, 93:

facere litteram or litteras,

to write, Plaut. As. 4, 1, 22; Cic. Ac. 2, 2, 6.—In the language of comedy:

homo trium litterarum, i. e. fur,

a thief, Plaut. Aul. 2, 4, 46: litteram ex se longam facere, i. e. to make an I by hanging perpendicularly, to hang one's self:

neque quicquam meliust mihi, ut opinor, quam ex me ut faciam litteram longam, meum laqueo collum quando obstrinxero,

id. ib. 1, 1, 37:

littera salutaris, i. e. A. (absolvo) and tristis, i. e. C. (condemno), which were put on the voting-tablets,

Cic. Mil. 6, 15.—

Transf.

A word, a line:

ad me litteram numquam misit,

Cic. Fam. 2, 17, 6: ad litteram, word for word, literally:

locum ad litteram subjeci,

Quint. 9, 1, 15.—

A handwriting:

Alexidis manum amabam, quod tam prope accedebat ad similitudinem tuae litterae,

Cic. Att. 7, 2, 3; cf.:

arguit ipsorum quos littera,

Juv. 13, 138 (v. also infra B. 1. fin.).—

Usually plur.

Littĕrae, ārum, f., a letter, epistle: litteras resignare, to unseal or open a letter, Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 65:

ut litterarum ego harum sermonem audio,

id. Ps. 1, 1, 97; Cic. Att. 1, 13, 1:

dare alicui litteras ad aliquem,

id. Cat. 3, 4, 9:

litteras mittere,

id. Att. 5, 21, 2:

reddere alicui,

id. ib. 5, 21, 4:

accipere,

id. ib. 5, 21, 7:

remittere,

id. ib. 11, 16, 4:

nullas iis praeterquam ad te et ad Brutum dedi litteras,

id. Fam. 3, 7, 1:

queri apud aliquem per litteras,

id. Att. 5, 21, 13: invitare aliquem perlitteras id. ib. 13, 2, 2:

civitatum animos litteris temptare,

Caes. B. C. 1, 40, 1: litterae missae, a letter sent by a person: litterae allatae, a letter received: hence, liber litterarum missarum et allatarum, a letter-book:

L. M. (i. e. litterae missae)... L. A. (i. e. litterae allatae), etc.,

Cic. Font. 4, 8; id. Verr. 2, 3, 71, § 167.—In poets also sometimes in sing.:

quam legis a rapta Briseide littera venit,

Ov. H. 3, 1; 5, 2; id. M. 9, 515; Tib. 3, 2, 27; Mart. 10, 73 al.—

A writing, document, paper:

litterae publicae,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 63, § 140; 2, 4, 16, § 35; esp. a written acknowledgment:

littera poscetur,

Ov. A. A. 1, 428.—

An account-book:

ratio omnis et litterae,

Cic. Quint. 11, 37; id. Verr. 2, 4, 12, § 27.—

An edict, ordinance:

praetoris litterae,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 22, § 56:

litteras revocavit,

letter of appointment, commission, Suet. Vesp. 8. —

Written monuments, records, literature:

abest historia litteris nostris,

is wanting in our literature, Cic. Leg. 1, 2, 5:

Graecae de philosophia litterae,

philosophical literature, id. Div. 2, 2, 5:

genus hoc scriptionis nondum satis Latinis litteris illustratae,

id. Brut. 64, 228; id. Tusc. 1, 1, 1; id. Fin. 1, 2, 4:

Graecis litteris studere,

id. Brut. 20, 78:

damnum Hortensii interitu Latinae litterae fecerunt,

id. ib. 33, 125:

nullam artem litteris sine interprete et sine aliqua exercitatione percipi posse,

merely from books, id. Fam. 7, 19:

quod litteris exstet, Pherecydes primum dixit animos hominum esse sempiternos,

id. Tusc. 1, 16, 38:

parvae et rarae per eadem tempora litterae fuere,

Liv. 6, 1, 2; 7, 3, 6:

Etruscae,

id. 9, 36, 3:

paucissimos adhuc eloquentes litterae Romanae tulerunt,

Quint. 10, 1, 123: amor litterarum, id. prooem. 6.—

History, inasmuch as it is derived from written monuments:

cupidissimus litterarum fuit,

Nep. Cat. 3, 1; id. Pelop. 1:

parvae et rarae per eadem tempora litterae fuere,

Liv. 6, 1.—

Literary labor, composition:

omnis varietas litterarum mearum,

Cic. Fam. 15, 4, 12:

non nihil temporis tribuit litteris,

Nep. Hann. 13, 2.—

An inscription, Ov. M. 11, 706.—

Learning, the sciences, liberal education, scholarship, letters:

sit mihi orator tinctus litteris: audierit aliquid, legerit,

Cic. de Or. 2, 20, 85:

erant in eo plurimae litterae,

id. Brut. 76, 265:

homo communium litterarum, et politioris humanitatis non expers,

id. de Or. 2, 7, 28:

homo sine ingenio, sine litteris,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 44, § 98:

fuit in illo ingenium, ratio, memoria, litterae, cura, cogitatio, diligentia,

id. Phil. 2, 45, 116:

mihi nihil libri, nihil litterae, nihil doctrina prodest,

id. Att. 9, 10, 2:

litterarum scientia,

id. Brut. 42, 153:

litterarum coguitio,

id. de Or. 3, 32, 127: nescire litteras, to be without a liberal education, id. Brut. 74, 259:

altiores litterae,

magic, Plin. 14, 4, 5, § 51.—Comically of the art of love: Litteras didicisti;

quando scis, sine alios discere,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 22.

lymphātĭcus, a, um, adj. [lympha; cf. hydrophobia; hence, in gen.], distracted, frantic, panic-struck:

pavor,

a panic, Liv. 10, 28, 10; 7, 17, 3:

metus,

Sen. Ep. 13, 9:

somnia,

Plin. 26, 8, 34, § 52:

elleborum medetur melancholicis, insanientibus, lymphaticis,

id. 25, 5, 24, § 60.—

Transf.

Comically:

lymphatici nummi,

that cannot keep quiet in one's purse, as if mad, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 135 Weise (al. lymphati).—

lymphātĭcum, i, n., the disease of a lymphaticus, insanity:

faxo actutum constiterit lymphaticum,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 136.