-
21 ἀπαρχή
ἀπαρχή, ῆς, ἡ (cp. ἀπάρχομαι ‘make a beginning’ in sacrifice; orig. of hair cut from the forehead and cast into the fire Il. 19, 254; Od. 14, 422 al., hence ἀπαρχή=‘beginning of a sacrifice’ Eur., Or. 96; such sacrifices would begin with ‘firstlings’ or ‘first fruits’, freq. distinguished also for quality) (Soph., Hdt. et al.; ins, pap, LXX; PsSol 15:3; Test12Patr, Philo, Joseph.; Celsus 8, 33)① cultic t.t. first fruits, first portion of any kind (incl. animals, both domesticated and wild [for the latter Arrian, Cyneg. 33, 1]), which were holy to the divinity and were consecrated before the rest could be put to secular use (cp. Theopomp. [IV B.C.]:115 Fgm. 344 Jac. p. 608, 5; Cornutus 28 p. 55, 9; Ael. Aristid. 45 p. 136 D.; Theophyl. Sym., Ep. 29 Πανὶ τοῦ ποιμνίου τὰς ἀπαρχάς; OGI 179, 12 [I B.C.]; PSI 690, 14; Porphyr., Abst. 2, 61 θεοῖς ἀρίστη μὲν ἀπαρχὴ νοῦς καθαρός; SEG XLII, 17 lit.).ⓐ lit. εἰ ἡ ἀ. ἁγία, καὶ τὸ φύραμα if the first fruits ( of dough) are holy, so is the whole lump Ro 11:16 (on first fruits of bread dough, Num 15:18–21, cp. The Mishnah, tr. HDanby ’58 [’33] 83–88 [Hallah]). In full ἀ. γεννημάτων ληνοῦ καὶ ἅλωνος, βοῶν τε καὶ προβάτων the first fruits of the produce of winepress and threshing floor, of cattle and sheep D 13:3, cp. 5f (s. Ex 22:28); ἀ. τῆς ἅλω 1 Cl 29:3. Assigned to a prophet, as to the priests and seers among the gentiles (Artem. 3, 3) and in the OT to the priest D 13:3, 6f.ⓑ fig., w. the components of a above strongly feltα. of persons first fruits of Christians ἀ. τῆς Ἀσίας, i.e. the first convert in Asia Ro 16:5. ἀ. τῆς Ἀχαί̈ας 1 Cor 16:15. Also 2 Th 2:13 (v.l. ἀπʼ ἀρχῆς) the first converts of Thessalonica (so Harnack, SBBerlAk 1910, 575ff); pl. 1 Cl 42:4. Gener. ἀ. τις τῶν αὐτοῦ κτισμάτων a kind of first fruits of his creatures Js 1:18 (cp. Philo, Spec. Leg. 4, 180 of the Jews: τοῦ σύμπαντος ἀνθρώπων γένους ἀπενεμήθη οἷά τις ἀπαρχὴ τῷ ποιητῇ καὶ πατρί; Alex. Aphr., Fat. 1, II 2 p. 164, 10 τινὰ ἀπαρχὴν τῶν ἡμετέρων καρπῶν=a sort of first fruit of our [spiritual] harvest. LElliott-Binns, NTS 3, ’56/57, 148–61). Here as Rv 14:4 the emphasis is less on chronological sequence than on quality (schol. on Eur., Or. 96 ἀπαρχὴ ἐλέγετο οὐ μόνον τ. πρῶτον τῇ τάξει, ἀλλὰ καὶ τ. πρῶτον τ. τιμῇ). The orig. mng. is greatly weakened, so that ἀ. becomes almost = πρῶτος; of Christ ἀ. τῶν κεκοιμημένων the first of those who have fallen asleep 1 Cor 15:20; cp. vs. 23 (HMontefiore, When Did Jesus Die? ET 62, ’60, 53f; s. also BSpörlein, Die Leugnung der Auferstehung, ’71 [ 1 Cor 15]); 1 Cl 24:1.β. of things (Dio Chrys. 54 [71], 2 ἀπαρχαὶ τῆς σοφίας) τὴν ἀ. τοῦ πνεύματος ἔχοντες since we possess the first fruits of the Spirit, i.e. as much of the Spirit as has been poured out so far and a foretaste of things to come Ro 8:23 (cp. Thieme 25f), but s. 2 below. διδόναι ἀπαρχὰς γεύσεώς τινος give a foretaste of someth. B 1:7.—ESanders, Jewish Law fr. Jesus to the Mishnah ’90, 283–308.② birth-certificate also suits the context of Ro 8:23; cp. Mitt-Wilck. II/2, 372, 4, 7; PFlor 57, 81; 86; 89; PTebt 316, 10; 49; 82; HJones, JTS 23, 1922, 282f; RTaubenschlag, Opera Minora 2, ’59, 220–21 (identification card); L-S-J-M s.v. 7.—HBeer, Ἀπαρχή, diss., Würzb. 1914; EMoutsonlas: Sacris erudiri XV 5–14 (Steenbrugge, ’64); COke, Int 11, ’57, 455–60.—DELG s.v. ἄρχω A. O. Wilck I 345f §140. EDNT. M-M. TW. Sv.
- 1
- 2
См. также в других словарях:
chronological — index consecutive Burton s Legal Thesaurus. William C. Burton. 2006 chronological … Law dictionary
chronological — arranged in order by time, 1610s, from CHRONOLOGY (Cf. chronology) + ICAL (Cf. ical). Chronological order is attested by 1754. Related: Chronologically … Etymology dictionary
chronological — [adj] in consecutive time order archival, chronographic, chronologic, chronometric, chronometrical, chronoscopic, classified, dated, historical, horological, horometrical, in due course, in due time, in order, in sequence, junctural, ordered,… … New thesaurus
chronological — ► ADJECTIVE 1) relating to the establishment of dates and time sequences. 2) (of a record of events) starting with the earliest and following the order in which they occurred. DERIVATIVES chronologically adverb … English terms dictionary
chronological — [krän΄ə läj′i kəl] adj. [< CHRONOLOGY + ICAL] 1. arranged in the order of occurrence 2. of chronology; esp., containing or relating to an account of events in the order of their occurrence: Also chronologic chronologically adv … English World dictionary
chronological — adj. VERBS ▪ be ADVERB ▪ strictly ▪ a strictly chronological account of the events ▪ broadly, roughly … Collocations dictionary
chronological — chron|o|log|i|cal [ˌkrɔnəˈlɔdʒıkəl US ˌkra:nəˈla: ] adj 1.) arranged according to when things happened or were made ▪ We arranged the documents in chronological order . 2.) chronological age a person s chronological age is how old they actually… … Dictionary of contemporary English
chronological — [[t]krɒ̱nəlɒ̱ʤɪk(ə)l[/t]] 1) ADJ: usu ADJ n If things are described or shown in chronological order, they are described or shown in the order in which they happened. I have arranged these stories in chronological order. Syn: sequential Derived… … English dictionary
Chronological — Chronologic Chron o*log ic, Chronological Chron o*log ic*al, a. [Gr. ?.] Relating to chronology; containing an account of events in the order of time; according to the order of time; as, chronological tables. Raleigh. {Chron o*log ic*al*ly}, adv … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
chronological — also chronologic adjective Date: 1614 of, relating to, or arranged in or according to the order of time < chronological tables of American history >; also reckoned in units of time < chronological age > • chronologically adverb … New Collegiate Dictionary
chronological — chronologically, adv. /kron l oj i keuhl/, adj. 1. arranged in the order of time: a chronological list of events. 2. pertaining to or in accordance with chronology: a chronological process. Also, chronologic. [1605 15; CHRONOLOG(Y) + ICAL] * * * … Universalium
