chief+of+equipment

SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace, Electronics and information technology, Telecommunications

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From his high-school days, Pierce showed an interest in science and in science fiction, writing under the pseudonym of J.J.Coupling. After gaining Bachelor's, Master's and PhD degrees at the California Institute of Technology (CalTech) in Pasadena in 1933, 1934 and 1936, respectively, Pierce joined the Bell Telephone Laboratories in New York City in 1936. There he worked on improvements to the travelling-wave tube, in which the passage of a beam of electrons through a helical transmission line at around 7 per cent of the speed of light was made to provide amplification at 860 MHz. He also devised a new form of electrostatically focused electron-multiplier which formed the basis of a sensitive detector of radiation. However, his main contribution to electronics at this time was the invention of the Pierce electron gun—a method of producing a high-density electron beam. In the Second World War he worked with McNally and Shepherd on the development of a low-voltage reflex klystron oscillator that was applied to military radar equipment.

In 1952 he became Director of Electronic Research at the Bell Laboratories' establishment, Murray Hill, New Jersey. Within two years he had begun work on the possibility of round-the-world relay of signals by means of communication satellites, an idea anticipated in his early science-fiction writings (and by Arthur C. Clarke in 1945), and in 1955 he published a paper in which he examined various possibilities for communications satellites, including passive and active satellites in synchronous and non-synchronous orbits. In 1960 he used the National Aeronautics and Space Administration 30 m (98 1/2 ft) diameter, aluminium-coated Echo 1 balloon satellite to reflect telephone signals back to earth. The success of this led to the launching in 1962 of the first active relay satellite (Telstar), which weighed 170 lb (77 kg) and contained solar-powered rechargeable batteries, 1,000 transistors and a travelling-wave tube capable of amplifying the signal 10,000 times. With a maximum orbital height of 3,500 miles (5,600 km), this enabled a variety of signals, including full bandwidth television, to be relayed from the USA to large receiving dishes in Europe.

From 1971 until his "retirement" in 1979, Pierce was Professor of Electrical Engineering at CalTech, after which he became Chief Technologist at the Jet Propulsion Laboratories, also in Pasadena, and Emeritus Professor of Engineering at Stanford University.

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SUBJECT AREA: Canals, Civil engineering

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Between 1807 and 1816 White worked for his father. He fought in the War of 1812, and worked his way to Russia and back in a merchantman; in 1817–18 he went to England and walked over 2,000 miles (3,220 km) over canal sites. After 1818 he was Principal Assistant to Benjamin Wright on the construction of the Erie Canal until its completion in 1825; he was the only one involved in this project who had any knowledge of European canal construction. He was particularly noted for the design of canal locks and their equipment; one of his main contributions was the discovery of the lime rock in New York State which could be converted into concrete, and in 1820 he obtained a patent for a waterproof cement. He supervised the Glen Falls feeder construction, and he was Chief Engineer for the Delaware and Raritan Canal in New Jersey and the Lehigh and Union canals in Pennsylvania.

экипаж

дежурный экипаж

обслуживающий экипаж

состав экипажа

декларация экипажа на провоз багажа

кабина экипажа

пол кабины экипажа

замена экипажа

командир экипажа

кабина экипажа

обязанности экипажа в аварийной обстановке

условия работы экипажа

система жизнеобеспечения экипажа

свидетельство члена экипажа

порядок действий экипажа

кислородная система кабины экипажа

физическое состояние экипажа

прямые обязанности экипажа

время отдыха экипажа

планирование полетов экипажей

количественный состав экипажа

экипаж воздушного судна

экипаж имеющий безаварийный налет

экипаж для перевозки

летный экипаж

обязанности членов экипажа

снаряжение самолетного экипажа

член летного экипажа

кислородная система кабины экипажа

предоставление летных экипажей

проверка готовности экипажа к полету

бригада наземного обслуживания

член экипажа

бригада технического обслуживания

рабочий экипаж

бригада аэродромного обслуживания

сменный экипаж

тариф для членов экипажей морских судов

дополнительный летный экипаж

группа управления взлетами

аварийная команда