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1 character
chăracter, ēris, m., = charaktêr.I.An instrument for branding or marking, etc.: character est ferrum coloratum, quo notae pecudibus inuruntur, charaktêr autem Graece, Latine forma dicitur, Isid. Orig. 20, 16, 7.—II. A.Prop. (esp. upon animals):B.quadrupedia charactere signare,
Col. 11, 2, 14; Pall. Jan. 16:characterem infigere alicui,
Aug. Contr. Cresc. 1, 30.—Trop., a characteristic, mark, character, style, etc. (only ante- and postclass.):Luciliano charactere libelli,
Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 17; Serv. ad Verg. E. 3, 1; Diom. p. 481 P. (cf. Cic. Or. 39, 134; id. Q. Fr. 2, 15 (16), 5; and Gell. 7, 14, 1, in which passages it is written as Greek). -
2 character
branded/impressed letter/mark/etc; marking instrument; stamp, character, style -
3 persōna
persōna ae, f [per+SON-], a mask, false face (usu. of clay or bark, covering the head; worn by actors): tragica, Ph.: pallens, Iu.: mulier videtur, Non persona loqui, i. e. no man disguised, Iu.— An assumed character, part: parasiti, T.: potestatis, affectation, Ta.— A part, character: aliena: personam in re p. tueri principis: persona, quam mihi tempus et res p. imposuit: petitoris personam capere: gravissimam personam sustinere: in Maeandri personā esse expressam speciem civitatis.— A person, personage, character: ut mea persona semper aliquid videretur habere populare: induxi senem disputantem, quia nulla videbatur aptior persona: Laeli: altera, sed secunda, second chief personage, N.: ut rerum, ut personarum dignitates ferunt: foedior omni Crimine persona est, the character you have to describe, Iu.* * *mask; character; personality -
4 mōs
mōs mōris, m [1 MA-], a will, way, habit, manner, fashion, caprice, humor: suos quoique mos, T.: mores mulierum, T.: alieno more vivendumst mihi, after another's humor, T.: suo more, Cs.: morem alcui gerere, to accommodate oneself.—A custom, usage, manner, practice, wont, habit, fashion: ut nunc sunt mores, T.: legi morique parendum est: uti mos gentis illius est, S.: sicut meus est mos, wont, H.: militari more, Cs.: mos partium popularium et factionum, bad custom, S.: mos obsidiandi vias, L.: more sinistro, by a perverted custom, Iu.: Pellibus in morem cincti, after their manner, V.: crinem de more solutae, V.: ut mos fuit Bithyniae regibus: quae moris Graecorum non sint, L.: apis Matinae More modoque, like, H.: ut Domitiano moris erat, Ta.: praeter civium morem, contrary to usage, T.: raptae sine more Sabinae, in defiance of usage, V.: quod in morem vetustas perduxit, made a custom: quibus omnia vendere mos est, S.: sciant, quibus moris est inlicita mirari, Ta.: Moris erat quondam servare, etc., Iu.: nondum consulem iudicem appellari mos fuerat, L.: mos est Syracusis, ut dicat sententiam qui velit: quod iam in morem venerat, ut, etc., had become customary, L.: barbariam ex Gaditanorum moribus delere.— Morality, conduct: qui istic mos est? T.: mos est hominum, ut nolint, etc., nature.—Plur., conduct, behavior, manners, morals, character: quantum mei mores poscebant, respondi, S.: eius suavissimi mores: iusti: naturam moresque hominis cognoscere, character: perditi: exemplar vitae morumque, H.: morum quoque filius, i. e. like his father in character, Iu.: ignarus meorum morum, i. e. my trade, T.—Of things, quality, nature, manner, mode, fashion: caeli, V.: elabitur anguis in morem fluminis, like, V.: in hunc operis morem, H.— Manner, measure, moderation: Tempestas sine more furit, with singular fierceness, V.: (terra) supra morem densa, uncommonly, V.— A precept, law, rule: Quīs neque mos neque cultus erat, V.: moresque viris et moenia ponet, laws, V.* * *custom, habit; mood, manner, fashion; character (pl.), behavior, morals -
5 honestas
hŏnestas, ātis, f. [honestus], honorableness.I.(Acc. to honestus, I.) Honorable consideration which a man enjoys, honor, reputation, character, respectability, credit, opp. to turpitudo (class.; cf.: existimatio, dignitas).A.Lit.: quid est honestas nisi honor perpetuus ad aliquem secundo populi rumore delatus. Lact. 3, 8, fin.:B.unde pudor, continentia, fuga turpitudinis, appetentia laudis et honestatis?
Cic. Rep. 1, 2; cf.:fugiendae turpitudinis adipiscendaeque honestatis causa,
id. Tusc. 2, 27, 66; Gell. 1, 3, 23 sq.:nihil esse in vita magnopere expetendum nisi laudem atque honestatem,
Cic. Arch. 6, 14; cf.:omnia, quae putant homines expetenda, honestas, gloria, tranquillitas animi atque jucunditas,
id. Lael. 22, 84; id. Phil. 7, 5, 14: cogita, ea nobis erepta esse, quae hominibus [p. 861] non minus quam liberi cara esse debent, honestatem, dignitatem, honores omnes, id. Fam. 4, 5, 2:quas familias honestatis amplitudinisque gratia nomino,
on account of their character, id. Rosc. Am. 6, 15:honestate spoliatus,
id. Rab. Post. 16, 44; cf.: omni jure atque honestate interdictus, Q. Metell. ap. Gell. 17, 2, 7:fautor infimi generis hominum, odio alienae honestatis,
Liv. 1, 47, 11:honestatem omnem amittere,
consideration, respect, Cic. Rosc. Am. 39, 114:in eoque (officio) et colendo sita vitae est honestas omnis et in negligendo turpitudo,
id. Off. 1, 2, 4; Gell. 1, 3, 24: honestati alicujus convenire (with subj. clause), Paul. Sent. 3, 5, 2.—In plur. (= honores):ceteris ante partis honestatibus atque omni dignitate fortunaque aliquem privare,
Cic. Mur. 40, 87.—Transf., concr.:II.causa, in qua omnes honestates civitatis, omnes aetates, omnes ordines una consentiunt,
honorable, reputable persons, Cic. Sest. 51, 109.—(Acc. to honestus, II.)A.Honorableness of character, honorable feeling, honor, honesty, probity, integrity, virtue (class.):B.ubi est autem dignitas, nisi ubi honestas?
Cic. Att. 7, 11, 1:nemo est inventus tam perditus, tam ab omni non modo honestate sed etiam simulatione honestatis relictus, qui, etc.,
id. Rab. Perd. 8, 23 and 24:(qui summum bonum) suis commodis, non honestate metitur... honestatem propter se expetere,
id. Off. 1, 2, 5 and 6; cf.:cum omnis honestas manet a partibus quatuor, quarum, etc.,
id. ib. 1, 43, 152; and:habes undique expletam et perfectam formam honestatis, quae tota his quatuor virtutibus continetur,
id. Fin. 2, 15, 48; Quint. 3, 8, 26:et in laude justitia utilitasque tractantur, et in consiliis honestas,
id. 3, 4, 16: sunt qui tradant tanta eum (Staberium Erotem) honestate praeditum, ut, etc., such an honorable, noble character; Fr. honnēteté, Suet. Gramm. 13:quod factum causā publicae honestatis vindictam exspectat,
Paul. Sent. 5, 4, 21.— -
6 animus
animus ī, m [AN-], the rational soul (cf. anima, the physical life): humanus: Corpus animum praegravat, H.: deos sparsisse animos in corpora humana: discessus animi a corpore: permanere animos arbitramur. — Fig., of beloved persons, soul, life: anime mi, T.—Of the mind, the mental powers, intelligence, reason, intellect, mind: mecum in animo vitam tuam considero, T.: animo meditari, N.: convertite animos ad Milonem, attention: revocare animos ad belli memoriam: perspicite animis quid velim: in dubio est animus, T.: animus, cui obtunsior sit acies, whose discernment: et animus et consilium et sententia civitatis, the whole intelligence of the community: cui animum inspirat vates, V.: omnia ratione animoque lustrari.— Of bees: Ingentīs animos angusto in pectore versant, V.— Of the memory: Scripta illa dicta sunt in animo, T.: an imprimi, quasi ceram, animum putamus?—Consciousness, recollection, self-possession: reliquit animus Sextium acceptis volneribus, Cs.: Unā eādemque viā sanguis animusque sequuntur, V.: timor abstulit animum, O. — With conscius or conscientia, the conscience: quos conscius animus exagitabat, S.: suae malae cogitationes conscientiaeque animi terrent.—Opinion, judgment, notion, belief: meo quidem animo, in my judgment: maxumi Preti esse animo meo, T.: ex animi tui sententiā iurare, to the best of your knowledge and belief. — The imagination, fancy: cerno animo sepultam patriam: fingite animis, sunt, etc.: nihil animo videre poterant.—Feeling, sensibility, affection, inclination, passion, heart: Quo gemitu conversi animi (sunt), V.: animum offendere: animus ubi se cupiditate devinxit, the character, T.: alius ad alia vitia propensior: tantaene animis caelestibus irae? V.: animo concipit iras, O.: mala mens, malus animus, bad mind, bad heart, T.: omnium mentīs animosque perturbare, Cs.: animum ipsum mentemque hominis: mente animoque nobiscum agunt, Ta.: bestiae, quarum animi sunt rationis expertes.—Disposition, inclination: meus animus in te semper: bono animo in populum R. videri, well disposed, Cs.: Nec non aurumque animusque Latino est, both gold and the disposition (i. e. to give it), V.: regina quietum Accipit in Teucros animum mentemque benignam, a kindly disposition, V.—Esp., in the phrase ex animo, from the heart, in earnest, deeply, sincerely: ex animo omnia facere an de industriā? from impulse or with some design, T.: sive ex animo id fit sive simulate: ex animo dolere, H.—In the locat. form animi, with verbs and adjj.: Antipho me excruciat animi, T.: exanimatus pendet animi: iuvenemque animi miserata repressit, pitying him in her heart, V.: anxius, S.: aeger, L.: infelix, V.: integer, H.—Meton., disposition, character, temper: animo es Molli: animo esse omisso, T.: animi molles et aetate fluxi, S.: sordidus atque animi parvi, H.—Fig., of plants: silvestris, wild nature, V.—Courage, spirit (freq. in plur.): mihi addere animum, T.: nostris animus augetur, Cs.: clamor Romanis auxit animum, L.: mihi animus accenditur, S.: Nunc demum redit animus, Ta.: Pallas Dat animos, O.: in hac re plus animi quam consili habere: tela viris animusque cadunt, O.: bono animo esse, to be of good courage: bono animo fac sis, T.: satis animi, courage enough, O.: magnus mihi animus est, fore, etc., hope, Ta.—Fig., of the winds: Aeolus mollit animos, the violence, V.—Of a top: dant animos plagae, give it quicker motion, V.—Haughtiness, arrogance, pride: vobis... Sublati animi sunt, your pride is roused, T.: tribuni militum animos ac spiritūs capere, bear the arrogance and pride, etc.—Passion, vehemence, wrath: animum vincere: animum rege, qui nisi paret Imperat, H.: (Achelous) pariter animis inmanis et undis, O.—In the phrase aequus animus, an even mind, calmness, moderation, equanimity: concedo... quod animus aequus est.—Usu. abl: aequo animo, with even mind, contentedly, resignedly, patiently: aequo animo ferre, T.: non tulit hoc aequo animo Dion, N.: aequissimo animo mori: alqd aequo animo accipit, is content to believe, S.: opinionem animis aut libentibus aut aequis remittere: sententiam haud aequioribus animis audire, L.—Inclination, pleasure: Indulgent animis, O.— Esp., animi causā, for the sake of amusement, for diversion, for pleasure: (animalia) alunt animi voluptatisque causā, Cs.: habet animi causā rus amoenum: animi et aurium causā homines habere, i. e. employ musicians.—Will, desire, purpose, design, intention, resolve: tuom animum intellegere, purpose, T.: persequi Iugurtham animo ardebat, S.: hostes in foro constiterunt, hoc animo, ut, etc., Cs.: habere in animo Capitolium ornare, to intend: fert animus dicere, my plan is, O.: nobis erat in animo Ciceronem mittere, it was my purpose: omnibus unum Opprimere est animus, O.: Sacra Iovi Stygio perficere est animus, V.* * *mind; intellect; soul; feelings; heart; spirit, courage, character, pride; air -
7 fingō
fingō finxī, fictus, ere [FIG-], to touch, handle, stroke, touch gently: corpora linguā, V.: manūs manibus, O.— To form, fashion, frame, shape, mould, model, make: hominem: ab aliquo deo <*>cti: alqd e cerā: homullus ex argillā fictus: pocula de humo, O.: fingendi ars, statuary: imagines marmore, Ta.— To set to rights, arrange, adorn, dress, trim: crinem, V.: fingi curā mulierum, Ph.: vitem putando, V.—Of the countenance, to alter, change, put on, feign: voltum, Cs.: voltūs hominum fingit scelus, i. e. makes men change countenance, T.—Fig., to form, fashion, make, mould, give character to, compose: animos: ex alquā re me, shape my course: ea (verba) sicut ceram ad nostrum arbitrium: voltum, compose, O.: lingua wocem fingit, forms: Carmina, H.: finxit te natura ad virtutes magnum hominem: me pusilli animi, H.: mea minora, i. e. disparage, H.— To form by instruction, instruct, teach, train: mire filium, i. e. cause to play his part, T.: voce paternā Fingeris ad rectum, H.: equum docilem Ire viam, H.— To form mentally, represent in thought, imagine, conceive, think, suppose, express, sketch out: animis imaginem condicionis meae: ex suā naturā ceteros, conceive: utilitatum causā amicitias: in summo oratore fingendo, depicting: ex suā naturā ceteros, judge: me astutiorem: ne finge, do not think it, V.: finge, aliquem nunc fieri sapientem, suppose: interfecti aliqui sunt, finge a nobis, assume, L.— To contrive, devise, invent, feign, pretend: fallacias, T.: causas ne det, T.: verba, i. e. talk deceitfully, S.: (crimina) in istum: non visa, H.: dolorem in hoc casu, Iu.: malum civem Roscium fuisse.* * *Ifingere, finxi, fictus V TRANSmold, form, shape; create, invent; produce; imagine; compose; devise, contrive; adapt, transform into; modify (appearence/character/behavior); groom; make up (story/excuse); pretend, pose; forge, counterfeit; act insincerelyIIfingere, fixi, finctus V TRANSmold, form, shape; create, invent; produce; imagine; compose; devise, contrive; adapt, transform into; modify (appearence/character/behavior); groom; make up (story/excuse); pretend, pose; forge, counterfeit; act insincerely -
8 ingenium
ingenium ī, n [1 in+GEN-], innate quality, nature, temperament, constitution: locorum hominumque ingenia, L.: arvorum, V.: ferae bestiae, praecipitia ingenia sortitae, Cu.—Natural disposition, temper, character, bent, inclination: est ingenio bono, T.: in liberos lene, T.: inverecundum animi: vera loqui etsi meum ingenium non moneret, L.: redire ad ingenium, natural bent, T.: Volscis levatis metu suum rediit ingenium, L.: virile, S.: mitis ingeni iuvenem, L.: temperare suum, temper, L.: eiusdem ingeni est, tradere, etc.—Natural capacity, talents, parts, abilities, genius: quid abest homini? an ingenium?: ingenio abundare: excellens ac singulare: praestantissimum: durum, H.: in promptu habere, S.: celeres ingeni motūs: vigor, O.: docilitas, N.: qui ingenio parum possum: ingeni acuendi causā: ea vestris ingeniis committo: ingenia ad intellegendum aptiora.—A nature, character: ut magistratus mansueto permitteretur ingenio, L.—A genius, man of genius, clever person: excellens: id in magnis ingeniis plerumque contingit: idem ad res diversissimas habilius, L.: Praemia ingeniis posuere, i. e. poets, V.* * *Inature, innate quality; natural disposition/capacity; character; talentIItrick, clever device -
9 D
D, d (n. indecl., sometimes f. sc. littera), the flat dental mute, corresponding in character and sound to the English d and the Greek D, was the fourth letter of the Latin alphabet, and was called de: Ter. Maur. p. 2385 P., Auson. Idyll. 12, de Litt. Monos. 14. But at the end of a syllable, or after another consonant, its sound was sharpened, so that the grammarians often discuss the question whether d or t should be written, especially in conjunctions and prepositions. Illa quoque servata est a multis differentia, ut ad cum esset praepositio, d litteram, cum autem conjunctio, t acciperet (Quint. 1, 7, 5; cf. id. 1, 4, 16). Hence we may infer that some disputed this distinction, and that the sounds of ad and at must at least have been very similar (cf. also Terent. Scaur. p. 2250, Vel. Long. p. 2230 sq., Cassiod. p. 2287, 2291). Thus also aput, it, quit, quot, aliut, set, haut are found for apud, id, quid, quod, aliud, sed, haud. It would appear from the remarks of these authors that the last two words in particular, having a proclitic character, while they distinctly retained the d sound before an initial vowel in the following word, were pronounced before a consonant almost as set, haut (Mar. Vict. p. 2462 P., Vel. Long. l. l. v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 191 sq.). The use of t for d in the middle of a word, as Alexenter for Alexander, atnato for adnato, is very rare (cf. Wordsworth, Fragm. p. 486 sq.). On the other hand, the use of d for t, which sometimes appears in MSS. and inscrr., as ed, capud, essed, inquid (all of which occur in the Cod. palimps. of Cic. Rep.), adque, quodannis, sicud, etc., fecid, reliquid, etc. (all in inscriptions after the Augustan period), is to be ascribed to a later phonetic softening (cf. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 191 sq.).II.As an initial, the letter d, in pure Latin words, suffers only a vowel after it; the single consonantal compound dr being found only in borrowed words, such as drama, Drusus, Druidae, etc., and in the two onomatopees drenso and drindio. Accordingly, the d of the initial dv, from du, was rejected, and the remaining v either retained unaltered (as in v iginti for du iginti; cf. triginta) or changed into b (as in b ellum, b is, b onus, for du ellum, du is, du onus; v. those words and the letter B). So too in and after the 4th century A.D., di before vowels was pronounced like j (cf. J ovis for Dj ovis, and J anus for Di anus); and hence, as the Greek di ( di) passed into dz, i. e. z (as in z a for d ia, and z eta for di aeta), we sometimes find the same name written in two or three ways, as Diabolenus, Jabolenus, Zabolenus; Jadera, Diadora, Zara. In many Greek words, however, which originally began with a y sound, d was prefixed by an instinctive effort to avoid a disagreeable utterance, just as in English the initial j has regularly assumed the sound of dj: thus Gr. zugon, i. e. diugon = L. jugum; and in such cases the d sound has been prefixed in Greek, not lost in Latin and other languages (v. Curt. Griech. Etym. p. 608 sq.).b. As a medial, d before most consonants undergoes assimilation; v. ad, no. II.; assum, init., and cf. iccirco, quippiam, quicquam, for idcirco, quidpiam, quidquam; and in contractions like cette from cedite, pelluviae from pediluviae, sella from sedela. In contractions, however, the d is sometimes dropped and a compensation effected by lengthening the preceding vowel, as scāla for scand-la. D before endings which begin with s was suppressed, as pes from ped-s, lapis from lapid-s, frons from frond-s, rasi from radsi, risi from rid-si, lusi from lud-si, clausi from claud-si; but in the second and third roots of cedo, and in the third roots of some other verbs, d is assimilated, as cessi, cessum, fossum, etc. D is also omitted before s in composition when another consonant follows the s, as ascendo, aspicio, asto, astringo, and so also before the nasal gn in agnatus, agnitus, and agnosco, from gnatus, etc.: but in other combinations it is assimilated, as assentio, acclamo, accresco; affligo, affrico; agglomero, aggrego; applico, approbo, etc. In tentum, from tendo, d is dropped to avoid the combination ndt or ntt, since euphony forbids a consonant to be doubled after another.g. Final d stood only in ad, apud, sed, and in the neuter pronouns quid, quod, illud, istud, and aliud, anciently alid. Otherwise, the ending d was considered barbarous, Prisc. p. 686 P.III.The letter d represents regularly an original Indo-Germanic d, in Greek d, but which in German becomes z, in Gothic t, and in Anglo-Saxon t: cf. Gr. hêdomai, Sanscr. svad, Germ. süss, Angl.-Sax. svēte (sweet), with Lat. suadeo; domare with Gr. damaô, Germ. zähmen, Eng. tame; domus with demô, timber, O. H. Germ. zimber; duo with duô, zwei, two. But it is also interchanged with other sounds, and thus sometimes represents—1. 2.An original r: ar and ad; apur or apor and apud; meridies and medidies, audio and auris; cf. arbiter, from ad-beto; arcesso for ad-cesso.—3.An original l: adeps, Gr. aleipha; dacrima and lacrima, dingua and lingua; cf. on the contrary, olere for odere, consilium and considere, Ulixes from Odusseus (v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 223).—4.An original s: Claudius, from the Sabine Clausus, medius and misos; and, on the contrary, rosa and rhodon. —5. IV.In the oldest period of the language d was the ending of the ablat. sing. and of the adverbs which were originally ablatives (cf. Ritschl, Neue Plaut. Excur. I.; Brix ad Plaut. Trin. Prol. 10): pu CNANDO, MARID, DICTATORED, IN ALTOD MARID, NAVALED PRAEDAD on the Col. Rostr.; DE SENATVOS SENTENTIAD (thrice) IN OQVOLTOD, IN POPLICOD, IN PREIVATOD, IN COVENTIONID, and the adverbs SVPRAD SCRIPTVM EST (thrice), EXSTRAD QVAM SEI, and even EXSTRAD VRBEM, in S. C. de Bacch. So intra-d, ultra-d, citra-d, contra-d, infra-d, supra-d; contro-d, intro-d, etc.; and probably interea-d, postea-d. Here too belongs, no doubt, the adverb FACILVMED, found in the last-mentioned inscription. But this use of the d became antiquated during the 3d century B.C., and is not found at all in any inscription after 186 B. C. Plautus seems to have used or omitted it at will (Ritschl, Neue Plaut. Excurs. p. 18: Corss. Ausspr. 1, 197; 2, 1008).2.D final was also anciently found—a.In the accus. sing. of the personal pronouns med, ted, sed: INTER SED CONIOVRASE and INTER SED DEDISE, for inter se conjuravisse and inter se dedisse, in the S. C. de Bacch. This usage was retained, at least as a license of verse, when the next word began with a vowel, even in the time of Plautus. But in the classic period this d no longer appears. —b.In the imperative mood;c.as estod,
Fest. p. 230. The Oscan language retained this ending (v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 206).—In the preposition se-, originally identical with the conjunction sed (it is retained in the compound seditio); also in red-, prod-, antid-, postid-, etc. ( redire, prodire, etc.); and in these words, too, it is a remnant of the ancient characteristic of the ablative (v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 200 sq.; Roby, Lat. Gr. 1, 49).V.As an abbreviation, D usually stands for the praenomen Decimus; also for Deus, Divus, Dominus, Decurio, etc.; over epitaphs, D. M. = Diis Manibus; over temple inscriptions, D. O. M. = Deo Optimo Maxumo; in the titles of the later emperors, D. N. = Dominus Noster, and DD. NN. = Domini Nostri. Before dates of letters, D signified dabam, and also dies; hence, a. d. = ante diem; in offerings to the gods, D. D. = dono or donum dedit; D. D. D. = dat, dicat, dedicat, etc. Cf. Orell. Inscr. II. p. 457 sq.► The Romans denoted the number 500 by D; but the character was then regarded, not as a letter, but as half of the original Tuscan numeral (or CI[C ]) for 1000. -
10 d
D, d (n. indecl., sometimes f. sc. littera), the flat dental mute, corresponding in character and sound to the English d and the Greek D, was the fourth letter of the Latin alphabet, and was called de: Ter. Maur. p. 2385 P., Auson. Idyll. 12, de Litt. Monos. 14. But at the end of a syllable, or after another consonant, its sound was sharpened, so that the grammarians often discuss the question whether d or t should be written, especially in conjunctions and prepositions. Illa quoque servata est a multis differentia, ut ad cum esset praepositio, d litteram, cum autem conjunctio, t acciperet (Quint. 1, 7, 5; cf. id. 1, 4, 16). Hence we may infer that some disputed this distinction, and that the sounds of ad and at must at least have been very similar (cf. also Terent. Scaur. p. 2250, Vel. Long. p. 2230 sq., Cassiod. p. 2287, 2291). Thus also aput, it, quit, quot, aliut, set, haut are found for apud, id, quid, quod, aliud, sed, haud. It would appear from the remarks of these authors that the last two words in particular, having a proclitic character, while they distinctly retained the d sound before an initial vowel in the following word, were pronounced before a consonant almost as set, haut (Mar. Vict. p. 2462 P., Vel. Long. l. l. v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 191 sq.). The use of t for d in the middle of a word, as Alexenter for Alexander, atnato for adnato, is very rare (cf. Wordsworth, Fragm. p. 486 sq.). On the other hand, the use of d for t, which sometimes appears in MSS. and inscrr., as ed, capud, essed, inquid (all of which occur in the Cod. palimps. of Cic. Rep.), adque, quodannis, sicud, etc., fecid, reliquid, etc. (all in inscriptions after the Augustan period), is to be ascribed to a later phonetic softening (cf. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 191 sq.).II.As an initial, the letter d, in pure Latin words, suffers only a vowel after it; the single consonantal compound dr being found only in borrowed words, such as drama, Drusus, Druidae, etc., and in the two onomatopees drenso and drindio. Accordingly, the d of the initial dv, from du, was rejected, and the remaining v either retained unaltered (as in v iginti for du iginti; cf. triginta) or changed into b (as in b ellum, b is, b onus, for du ellum, du is, du onus; v. those words and the letter B). So too in and after the 4th century A.D., di before vowels was pronounced like j (cf. J ovis for Dj ovis, and J anus for Di anus); and hence, as the Greek di ( di) passed into dz, i. e. z (as in z a for d ia, and z eta for di aeta), we sometimes find the same name written in two or three ways, as Diabolenus, Jabolenus, Zabolenus; Jadera, Diadora, Zara. In many Greek words, however, which originally began with a y sound, d was prefixed by an instinctive effort to avoid a disagreeable utterance, just as in English the initial j has regularly assumed the sound of dj: thus Gr. zugon, i. e. diugon = L. jugum; and in such cases the d sound has been prefixed in Greek, not lost in Latin and other languages (v. Curt. Griech. Etym. p. 608 sq.).b. As a medial, d before most consonants undergoes assimilation; v. ad, no. II.; assum, init., and cf. iccirco, quippiam, quicquam, for idcirco, quidpiam, quidquam; and in contractions like cette from cedite, pelluviae from pediluviae, sella from sedela. In contractions, however, the d is sometimes dropped and a compensation effected by lengthening the preceding vowel, as scāla for scand-la. D before endings which begin with s was suppressed, as pes from ped-s, lapis from lapid-s, frons from frond-s, rasi from radsi, risi from rid-si, lusi from lud-si, clausi from claud-si; but in the second and third roots of cedo, and in the third roots of some other verbs, d is assimilated, as cessi, cessum, fossum, etc. D is also omitted before s in composition when another consonant follows the s, as ascendo, aspicio, asto, astringo, and so also before the nasal gn in agnatus, agnitus, and agnosco, from gnatus, etc.: but in other combinations it is assimilated, as assentio, acclamo, accresco; affligo, affrico; agglomero, aggrego; applico, approbo, etc. In tentum, from tendo, d is dropped to avoid the combination ndt or ntt, since euphony forbids a consonant to be doubled after another.g. Final d stood only in ad, apud, sed, and in the neuter pronouns quid, quod, illud, istud, and aliud, anciently alid. Otherwise, the ending d was considered barbarous, Prisc. p. 686 P.III.The letter d represents regularly an original Indo-Germanic d, in Greek d, but which in German becomes z, in Gothic t, and in Anglo-Saxon t: cf. Gr. hêdomai, Sanscr. svad, Germ. süss, Angl.-Sax. svēte (sweet), with Lat. suadeo; domare with Gr. damaô, Germ. zähmen, Eng. tame; domus with demô, timber, O. H. Germ. zimber; duo with duô, zwei, two. But it is also interchanged with other sounds, and thus sometimes represents—1. 2.An original r: ar and ad; apur or apor and apud; meridies and medidies, audio and auris; cf. arbiter, from ad-beto; arcesso for ad-cesso.—3.An original l: adeps, Gr. aleipha; dacrima and lacrima, dingua and lingua; cf. on the contrary, olere for odere, consilium and considere, Ulixes from Odusseus (v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 223).—4.An original s: Claudius, from the Sabine Clausus, medius and misos; and, on the contrary, rosa and rhodon. —5. IV.In the oldest period of the language d was the ending of the ablat. sing. and of the adverbs which were originally ablatives (cf. Ritschl, Neue Plaut. Excur. I.; Brix ad Plaut. Trin. Prol. 10): pu CNANDO, MARID, DICTATORED, IN ALTOD MARID, NAVALED PRAEDAD on the Col. Rostr.; DE SENATVOS SENTENTIAD (thrice) IN OQVOLTOD, IN POPLICOD, IN PREIVATOD, IN COVENTIONID, and the adverbs SVPRAD SCRIPTVM EST (thrice), EXSTRAD QVAM SEI, and even EXSTRAD VRBEM, in S. C. de Bacch. So intra-d, ultra-d, citra-d, contra-d, infra-d, supra-d; contro-d, intro-d, etc.; and probably interea-d, postea-d. Here too belongs, no doubt, the adverb FACILVMED, found in the last-mentioned inscription. But this use of the d became antiquated during the 3d century B.C., and is not found at all in any inscription after 186 B. C. Plautus seems to have used or omitted it at will (Ritschl, Neue Plaut. Excurs. p. 18: Corss. Ausspr. 1, 197; 2, 1008).2.D final was also anciently found—a.In the accus. sing. of the personal pronouns med, ted, sed: INTER SED CONIOVRASE and INTER SED DEDISE, for inter se conjuravisse and inter se dedisse, in the S. C. de Bacch. This usage was retained, at least as a license of verse, when the next word began with a vowel, even in the time of Plautus. But in the classic period this d no longer appears. —b.In the imperative mood;c.as estod,
Fest. p. 230. The Oscan language retained this ending (v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 206).—In the preposition se-, originally identical with the conjunction sed (it is retained in the compound seditio); also in red-, prod-, antid-, postid-, etc. ( redire, prodire, etc.); and in these words, too, it is a remnant of the ancient characteristic of the ablative (v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 200 sq.; Roby, Lat. Gr. 1, 49).V.As an abbreviation, D usually stands for the praenomen Decimus; also for Deus, Divus, Dominus, Decurio, etc.; over epitaphs, D. M. = Diis Manibus; over temple inscriptions, D. O. M. = Deo Optimo Maxumo; in the titles of the later emperors, D. N. = Dominus Noster, and DD. NN. = Domini Nostri. Before dates of letters, D signified dabam, and also dies; hence, a. d. = ante diem; in offerings to the gods, D. D. = dono or donum dedit; D. D. D. = dat, dicat, dedicat, etc. Cf. Orell. Inscr. II. p. 457 sq.► The Romans denoted the number 500 by D; but the character was then regarded, not as a letter, but as half of the original Tuscan numeral (or CI[C ]) for 1000. -
11 K
K, k, was used in the oldest period of the language as a separate character for the sound k, while C was used for the scund g. In course of time the character C came to be used also for the k sound, and, after the introduction of the character G, for that alone, and K disappeared almost entirely from the Latin orthography, except at the beginning of a few words, for each of which, also, the letter K itself was in common use as an abbreviation; thus, Kæso (or Cæso), Kalendæ (less correctly Calendæ), sometimes Karthago (or Kar.; v. Carthago);and in special connections, Kalumnia, Kaput (for Calumnia and Caput, e. g. k. k. = calumniae causā in jurid. lang.): nam k quidem in nullis verbis utendum puto, nisi quae significat, etiam ut sola ponatur,
Quint. 1, 7, 10; cf. id. 1, 4, 9.—Some grammarians, indeed, as early as Quintilian's time, thought it proper always to write K for initial C before a, Quint. 1, 7, 10.—Besides the above-mentioned abbreviations, the K is also found in KA. for capitalis, KK. for castrorum, K. S. for carus suis. -
12 k
K, k, was used in the oldest period of the language as a separate character for the sound k, while C was used for the scund g. In course of time the character C came to be used also for the k sound, and, after the introduction of the character G, for that alone, and K disappeared almost entirely from the Latin orthography, except at the beginning of a few words, for each of which, also, the letter K itself was in common use as an abbreviation; thus, Kæso (or Cæso), Kalendæ (less correctly Calendæ), sometimes Karthago (or Kar.; v. Carthago);and in special connections, Kalumnia, Kaput (for Calumnia and Caput, e. g. k. k. = calumniae causā in jurid. lang.): nam k quidem in nullis verbis utendum puto, nisi quae significat, etiam ut sola ponatur,
Quint. 1, 7, 10; cf. id. 1, 4, 9.—Some grammarians, indeed, as early as Quintilian's time, thought it proper always to write K for initial C before a, Quint. 1, 7, 10.—Besides the above-mentioned abbreviations, the K is also found in KA. for capitalis, KK. for castrorum, K. S. for carus suis. -
13 mos
mos, mōris, m. [etym. dub.; perh. root ma-, measure; cf.: maturus, matutinus; prop., a measuring or guiding rule of life; hence], manner, custom, way, usage, practice, fashion, wont, as determined not by the laws, but by men's will and pleasure, humor, self-will, caprice (class.; cf.: consuetudo, usus).I.Lit.:II.opsequens oboediensque'st mori atque imperiis patris,
Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 54:huncine erat aequum ex illius more, an illum ex hujus vivere?
Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 24: alieno more vivendum est mihi, according to the will or humor of another, id. And. 1, 1, 125:nonne fuit levius dominae pervincere mores,
Prop. 1, 17, 15: morem alicui gerere, to do the will of a person, to humor, gratify, obey him:sic decet morem geras,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 35; Cic. Tusc. 1, 9, 17:animo morem gessero,
Ter. And. 4, 1, 17:adulescenti morem gestum oportuit,
id. Ad. 2, 2, 6; v. gero.—The will as a rule for action, custom, usage, practice, wont, habit:B.leges mori serviunt,
usage, custom, Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 36:legi morique parendum est,
Cic. Univ. 11:ibam forte Viā Sacrā, sicut meus est mos,
custom, wont, Hor. S. 1, 9, 1:contra morem consuetudinemque civilem,
Cic. Off. 1, 41, 148:quae vero more agentur institutisque civilibus,
according to usage, according to custom, id. ib.:mos est hominum, ut nolint eundem pluribus rebus excellere,
id. Brut. 21, 84:ut mos est,
Juv. 6, 392;moris erat quondam servare, etc.,
id. 11, 83:more sinistro,
by a perverted custom, id. 2, 87.— So with ut:morem traditum a patribus, ut, etc.,
Liv. 27, 11, 10:hunc morem servare, ut, etc.,
id. 32, 34, 5:virginibus Tyriis mos est gestare pharetram,
it is the custom, they are accustomed, Verg. A. 1, 336:qui istic mos est?
Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 1:mos ita rogandi,
Cic. Fam. 12, 17, 1:ut mos fuit Bithyniae regibus,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 11, § 27: moris est, it is the custom:negavit, moris esse Graecorum, ut, etc.,
id. ib. 2, 1, 26, § 66; Vell. 2, 37, 5:quae moris Graecorum non sint,
Liv. 36, 28, 4; cf.:(aliquid) satis ex more Graecorum factum,
id. 36, 28, 5:ut Domitiano moris erat,
Tac. Agr. 39.— Plur.:id quoque morum Tiberii erat,
Tac. A. 1, 80:praeter civium morem,
contrary to custom, to usage, Ter. And. 5, 3, 9: sine more, unwonted, unparalleled:facinus sine more,
Stat. Th. 1, 238; so,nullo more,
id. ib. 7, 135:supra morem: terra supra morem densa,
unusually, Verg. G. 2, 227 (cf.:supra modum): perducere aliquid in morem,
to make into a custom, make customary, Cic. Inv. 2, 54, 162:quod jam in morem venerat, ut, etc.,
had become customary, Liv. 42, 21, 7.—In partic., in a moral point of view, conduct, behavior; in plur., manners, morals, character; in a good or bad sense:III.est ita temperatis moderatisque moribus, ut summa severitas summā cum humanitate jungatur,
manners, Cic. Fam. 12, 27, 1:suavissimi mores,
id. Att. 16, 16, A, 6: boni, id. Fragm. ap. Non. 254, 8.—Prov.:corrumpunt mores bonos colloquia mala,
Vulg. 1 Cor. 15, 33:justi,
Cic. de Or. 2, 43, 184:severi et pudici,
Plin. 28, 8, 27, § 106:sanctissimi,
Plin. Ep. 10, 20, 3: feri immanisque natura, Cic. Rosc. [p. 1168] Am. 13, 38:totam vitam, naturam moresque alicujus cognoscere,
character, id. ib. 38, 109:eos esse M'. Curii mores, eamque probitatem, ut, etc.,
id. Fam. 13, 17, 3; id. de Or. 2, 43, 182:mores disciplinamque alicujus imitari,
id. Deiot. 10, 28:perditi,
id. Fam. 2, 5, 2:praefectura morum,
the supervision of the public morals, Suet. Caes. 76:moribus et caelum patuit,
to good morals, virtue, Prop. 4 (5), 11, 101:amator meretricis mores sibi emit auro et purpurā,
polite behavior, complaisance, Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 128:propitiis, si per mores nostros liceret, diis,
i. e. our evil way of life, Tac. H. 3, 72:morum quoque filius,
like his father in character, Juv. 14, 52:ne te ignarum fuisse dicas meorum morum, leno ego sum,
i. e. my trade, Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 6:in publicis moribus,
Suet. Tib. 33; 42.—Transf.A.Quality, nature, manner; mode, fashion:B.haec meretrix fecit, ut mos est meretricius,
Plaut. Men. 5, 4, 8:mores siderum,
qualities, properties, Plin. 18, 24, 56, § 206:caeli,
Verg. G. 1, 51:Carneadeo more et modo disputare,
manner, Cic. Univ. 1:si humano modo, si usitato more peccāsset,
in the usual manner, id. Verr. 2, 2, 3, § 9:Graeco more bibere,
id. ib. 1, 26, 66:apis Matinae More modoque,
after the manner of, like, Hor. C. 4, 2, 27:Dardanius torrentis aquae vel turbinis atri More furens,
Verg. A. 10, 604:more novalium,
Col. 3, 13, 4:caeli et anni mores,
Col. 1, Praef. 23:omnium more,
Cic. Fam. 12, 17, 3; so,ad morem actionum,
Quint. 4, 1, 43:elabitur anguis in morem fluminis,
like, Verg. G. 1, 245:in hunc operis morem,
Hor. S. 2, 1, 63:pecudum in morem,
Flor. 3, 8, 6:morem vestis tenere,
mode, fashion, Just. 1, 2, 3.—A precept, law, rule ( poet. and postAug.):moresque viris et moenia ponet,
precepts, laws, Verg. A. 1, 264; cf.:pacis inponere morem,
id. ib. 6, 852:quod moribus eorum interdici non poterat,
Nep. Ham. 3:quid ferri duritiā pugnacius? sed cedit, et patitur mores,
submits to laws, obeys, is tamed, Plin. 36, 16, 25, § 127:ut leo mores Accepit,
Stat. Ach. 2, 183:in morem tonsa coma, = ex more ludi,
Verg. A. 5, 556. -
14 status
1.stătus, a, um, v. sisto.2.stătus, ūs, m. [sto and sisto].I.In a corporeal sense.A.Mode or way of standing, of holding one's body (at rest), posture, position, attitude, station, carriage; sing. and plur.: Ps. Statur hic ad hunc modum. Si. Statum vide hominis, Callipho, quasi basilicum, look at the way he stands, Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 41:B.stat in statu senex ut adoriatur moechum,
in an attitude of attack, ready, id. Mil. 4, 9, 12: concrepuit digitis, laborat;crebro conmutat status,
his posture, id. ib. 2, 2, 51:qui esset status (videre vellem) flabellulum tenere te asinum tantum,
what your attitude was, what figure you cut, in holding the fan, Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 50:in gestu status (oratoris erit) erectus et celsus, rarus incessus,
attitude, Cic. Or. 18, 59:status quidem rectus sit, sed diducti paulum pedes,
Quint. 11, 3, 159:abesse plurimum a saltatore debet orator... non effingere status quosdam, et quidquid dicet ostendere,
id. 11, 3, 89:ut recta sint bracchia, ne indoctae rusticaeve manus, ne status indecorus,
id. 1, 11, 16:stare solitus Socrates dicitur... immobilis, iisdem in vestigiis,
Gell. 2, 1, 2:dumque silens astat, status est vultusque diserti,
Ov. P. 2, 5, 51:statum proeliantis componit,
Petr. 95 fin. —So of the pose of statues: non solum numerum signorum, sed etiam uniuscujusque magnitudinem, figuram, statum litteris definiri vides,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 21, § 57:expedit saepe, ut in statuis atque picturis videmus, variari habitus, vultus, status,
Quint. 2, 13, 8:ut illo statu Chabrias sibi statuam fieri voluerit. Ex quo factum est ut postea athletae his statibus in statuis ponendis uterentur,
Nep. Chabr. 1, 3.—And of images in a dream:ubi prima (imago somni) perit, alioque est altera nata inde statu, prior hic gestum mutasse videtur,
Lucr. 4, 772:(opp. motus, incessus) quorum (iratorum) vultus, voces, motus statusque mutantur,
motions and postures, Cic. Off. 1, 29, 102:decorum istud in corporis motu et statu cernitur,
id. ib. 1, 35, 126:habitus oris et vultūs, status, motus,
id. Fin. 3, 17, 56; 5, 17, 47:in quibus si peccetur... motu statuve deformi,
id. ib. 5, 12, 35:eo erant vultu, oratione, omni reliquo motu et statu, ut, etc.,
id. Tusc. 3, 22, 53:status, incessus, sessio, accubatio... teneat illud decorum,
id. Off. 1, 35, 129:in pedibus observentur status et incessus,
the posture and gait, Quint. 11, 3, 124.—Of external appearance, manners, dress, and apparel:C.quoniam formam hujus cepi in me et statum, decet et facta moresque hujus habere me similis item,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 111:redegitque se ad pallium et crepidas, atque in tali statu biennio fere permansit,
Suet. Tib. 13.—Size, height, stature of living and inanimate beings (cf. statura;D.post-Aug.): pumilionem, quos natura brevi statu peractos, etc.,
Stat. S. 1, 6, 58: longissimum... aratorem faciemus;mediastenus qualiscunque status potest esse,
Col. 1, 9, 3:in gallinaceis maribus status altior quaeritur,
id. 8, 2, 9; so id. 7, 9, 2; 7, 12 med.:plantae majoris statūs,
Pall. Febr. 25, 20.—A position, place, in the phrase de statu movere, deicere, or statum conturbare, to displace, drive out, eject, expel, throw from a position (esp. of battle and combat):II. A.equestrem procellam excitemus oportet, si turbare ac statu movere (hostes) volumus,
Liv. 30, 18, 14:nihil statu motus, cum projecto prae se clipeo staret, in praesidio urbis moriturum se... respondit,
id. 38, 25: Manlius scutum scuto percussit atque statum Galli conturbavit (cf. the next sentence: atque de loco hominem iterum dejecit), Claud. Quadrig. ap. Gell. 9, 13, 16.—So, out of the military sphere, in order to avoid an attack:ea vis est... quae, periculo mortis injecto, formidine animum perterritum loco saepe et certo de statu demovet,
Cic. Caecin. 15, 42.— Transf., of mental position, conviction, argument, etc.:saepe adversarios de statu omni dejecimus,
Cic. Or. 37, 129:voluptas quo est major, eo magis mentem e suā sede et statu demovet,
throws the mind off its balance, id. Par. 1, 3, 15.—Similarly: de statu deducere, recedere, from one's position or principles:fecerunt etiam ut me prope de vitae meae statu deducerent, ut ego istum accusarem,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 4, § 10:neque de statu nobis nostrae dignitatis est recedendum, neque sine nostris copiis in alterius praesidia veniendum,
id. Att. 1, 20, 2.—So, de statu suo declinare = moveri:neque dubito quin, suspitione aliquā perculsi repentinā, de statu suo declinarint,
i. e. became unsettled, Cic. Clu. 38, 106:qui cum me firmissimis opibus... munire possim, quamvis excipere fortunam malui quam... de meo statu declinare,
than abandon my position, id. Prov. Cons. 17, 41; cf.of the position of heavenly bodies: qui eodem statu caeli et stellarum nati sunt,
aspect, id. Div. 2, 44, 92.Of persons, condition in regard to public rights, political or civil status, any loss of which was a capitis deminutio (v. caput):2.capitis minutio est statūs permutatio,
Gai. Dig. 4, 5, 1; id. Inst. 1, 159; cf. Dig. 4, 5, 11:quo quisque loco nostrum est natus... hunc vitae statum usque ad senectutem obtinere debet,
Cic. Balb. 7, 18:ad quem proscripti confluebant. Quippe nullum habentibus statum quilibet dux erat idoneus,
with regard to the civil death of the proscribed, Vell. 2, 72, 5:illorum salus omnibus accepta fuit... quia tam grati exoptatum libertatis statum recuperaverint,
Val. Max. 5, 26:si statu periclitari litigator videtur,
if his civil status seems in peril, Quint. 6, 1, 36:nec ulla tam familiaris est infelicibus patria quam solitudo et prioris statūs oblivio,
i. e. the status of full citizenship, lost by banishment, Curt. 5, 5, 11:permanent tamen in statu servitutis,
Suet. Gram. 21:vetuit quaeri de cujusquam defunctorum statu,
id. Tit. 8 fin.:multorum excisi status,
Tac. A. 3, 28: qui illegitime concipiuntur, statum sumunt ex eo tempore quo nascuntur, i. e. whether freemen or slaves, etc., Gai. Inst. 1, 89:cum servus manumittitur: eo die enim incipit statum habere,
a civil status, Dig. 4, 5, 4:homo liber qui se vendidit, manumissus non ad suum statum revertitur, sed efficitur libertinae condicionis, i. e. that of an ingenuus,
ib. 1, 5, 21:primo de personarum statu dicemus,
civil status, ib. 1, 5, 2; so Titin. 5:de statu hominum (sometimes status used in the jurists absolutely with reference to freedom and slavery): si status controversiam cui faciat procurator, sive ex servitute in libertatem, etc.,
Dig. 3, 3, 39, § 5; so ib. 3, 3, 33, § 1.—Similarly in the later jurists: status suus = aetas XXV. annorum, years of discretion:cum ad statum suum frater pervenisset,
Dig. 31, 1, 77, § 19.—Condition and position with reference to rank, profession, trade, occupation, social standing, reputation, and character:3.an tibi vis inter istas vorsarier prosedas... quae tibi olant stabulum statumque?
their trade, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 59:quod in civitatibus agnationibus familiarum distinguuntur status,
the ranks of the families, Cic. Leg. 1, 7, 23:regum status decemviris donabantur,
the rank of kings was assigned to the decemvirs, id. Agr. 1, 1, 2:cum alii rem ipsam publicam atque hunc bonorum statum odissent,
the social position of the higher classes, id. Sest. 20, 46:non ut aliquid ex pristino statu nostro retineamus,
id. Fam. 4, 4, 1:ecquis umquam tam ex amplo statu concidit?
id. Att. 3, 10, 2:non enim jam quam dignitatem, quos honores, quem vitae statum amiserim cogito,
id. ib. 10, 4, 1:quam (statuam) esse ejusdem status amictus, anulus, imago ipsa declarat,
id. ib. 1, 1, 17:praesidium petebamus ex potentissimi viri benevolentiā ad omnem statum nostrae dignitatis,
id. Q. Fr. 3, 8, 1: noster autem status est hic:apud bonos iidem sumus quos reliquisti, apud sordem, etc.,
id. Att. 1, 16, 11:ego me non putem tueri meum statum ut neque offendam animum cujusquam, nec frangam dignitatem meam?
maintain my character, id. Fam. 9, 16, 6:quos fortuna in amplissimo statu (i. e. regum) collocarat,
Auct. Her. 4, 16, 23:tantam in eodem homine varietatem status,
high and low position in life, ups and downs, Val. Max. 6, 9, 4:cum classiarios quos Nero ex remigibus justos milites fecerat, redire ad pristinum statum cogeret,
Suet. Galb. 12:quaedam circa omnium ordinum statum correxit,
id. Claud. 22:cum redieritis in Graeciam, praestabo ne quis statum suum vestro credat esse meliorem,
social position, Curt. 5, 5, 22:omnis Aristippum decuit color et status et res,
Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 23.—Condition in reference to prosperity, happiness or unhappiness, and health (mostly poet. and post-Aug.):4.at iste non dolendi status non vocatur voluptas,
Cic. Fin. 2, 9, 28:neque hic est Nunc status Aurorae meritos ut poscat honores,
Ov. M. 13, 594:flebilis ut noster status est, ita flebile carmen,
id. Tr. 5, 1, 5:quid enim status hic a funere differt?
id. P. 2, 3, 3:pejor ab admonitu fit status iste boni,
id. ib. 1, 2, 54:his enim quorum felicior in domo status fuerat,
Val. Max. 6, 8, 7:sin nostros status sive proximorum ingenia contemplemur,
id. 6, 9 pr.:caelum contemplare: vix tamen ibi talem statum (i. e. felicitatis deorum) reperias,
id. 7, 1, 1:haec quidem (vox) animi magnifici et prosperi status (fuit),
id. 6, 5, ext. 4:obliti statūs ejus quem beneficio exuistis meo,
Curt. 10, 2, 22:sumus in hoc tuo statu iidem qui florente te fuimus,
i. e. distress, id. 5, 11, 5:res magna et ex beatissimo animi statu profecta,
Sen. Ep. 81, 21: voverat, si sibi incolumis status (of health) permisisset, proditurum se... hydraulam, Suet. Ner. 54. —Condition, circumstances, in gen., of life or of the mind:B.homines hoc uno plurimum a bestiis differunt quod rationem habent, mentemque quae... omnem complectatur vitae consequentis statum,
Cic. Fin. 2, 14, 45:facias me certiorem et simul de toto statu tuo consiliisque omnibus,
id. Fam. 7, 10, 3:tibi declaravi adventus noster qualis fuisset, et quis esset status,
id. Att. 4, 2, 1:quid enim ego laboravi, si... nihil consecutus sum ut in eo statu essem quem neque fortunae temeritas, neque, etc., labefactaret,
id. Par. 2, 17:sed hoc videant ii qui nulla sibi subsidia ad omnes vitae status paraverunt,
id. Fam. 9, 6, 4: atque is quidem qui cuncta composuit constanter in suo manebat statu (transl. of emeinen en tôi heautou kata tropon êthei, Plat. Tim. p. 42, c. Steph.), in his own state, being, Cic. Tim. 13:vitae statum commutatum ferre non potuit,
Nep. Dion, 4, 4:id suis rebus tali in statu saluti fore,
Curt. 5, 1, 5: haec sunt fulmina quae prima accepto patrimonio et in novi hominis aut urbis statu fiunt, in any new condition (when a stroke of lightning was considered an omen), Sen. Q. N. 2, 47.—Rarely of a state:libere hercle hoc quidem. Sed vide statum (i. e. ebrietatis),
Plaut. Ps. 5, 2, 4.—Esp., in augury: fulmen status, a thunderbolt sent to one who is not expecting a sign, as a warning or suggestion, = fulmen monitorium:status est, ubi quietis nec agitantibus quidquam nec cogitantibus fulmen intervenit,
Sen. Q. N. 2, 39, 2.—Of countries, communities, etc., the condition of society, or the state, the public order, public affairs.1.In gen.:2.Siciliam ita vexavit ac perdidit ut ea restitui in antiquum statum nullo modo possit,
Cic. Verr. 1, 4, 12:nunc in eo statu civitas est ut omnes idem de re publicā sensuri esse videantur,
id. Sest. 50, 106:omnem condicionem imperii tui statumque provinciae mihi demonstravit Tratorius,
id. Fam. 12, 23, 1; so id. ib. 13, 68, 1:mihi rei publicae statum per te notum esse voluisti,
id. ib. 3, 11, 4; so,status ipse nostrae civitatis,
id. ib. 5, 16, 2:non erat desperandum fore aliquem tolerabilem statum civitatis,
id. Phil. 13, 1, 2:sane bonum rei publicae genus, sed tamen inclinatum et quasi pronum ad perniciosissimum statum,
id. Rep. 2, 26, 48:aliquo, si non bono, at saltem certo statu civitatis,
id. Fam. 9, 8, 2:ex hoc qui sit status totius rei publicae videre potes,
id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 5, § 15: ex eodem de toto statu rerum communium [p. 1756] cognosces, id. Fam. 1, 8, 1:tamen illa, quae requiris, suum statum tenent, nec melius, si tu adesses, tenerent,
id. ib. 6, 1, 1:non illi nos de unius municipis fortunis arbitrantur, sed de totius municipii statu, dignitate, etc., sententias esse laturos,
id. Clu. 69, 196:ego vitam omnium civium, statum orbis terrae... redemi,
id. Sull. 11, 33:Ti. Gracchum mediocriter labefactantem statum rei publicae,
id. Cat. 1, 1, 3:eo tum statu res erat ut longe principes haberentur Aedui,
Caes. B. G. 6, 12, 9:cum hoc in statu res esset,
Liv. 26, 5, 1; so id. 32, 11, 1:eam regiam servitutem (civitatis) collatam cum praesenti statu praeclaram libertatem visam,
id. 41, 6, 9:statum quoque civitatis ea victoria firmavit ut jam inde res inter se contrahere auderent,
i. e. commercial prosperity, id. 27, 51:ut deliberare de statu rerum suarum posset,
id. 44, 31:ut taedio praesentium consules duo et status pristinus rerum in desiderium veniant,
id. 3, 37, 3:jam Latio is status erat rerum ut neque bellum neque pacem pati possent,
id. 8, 13, 2:qui se moverit ad sollicitandum statum civitatis,
internal peace, id. 3, 20, 8:omni praesenti statu spem cuique novandi res suas blandiorem esse,
more attractive than any condition of public affairs, id. 35, 17:tranquillitatis status,
Val. Max. 7, 2, 1:in sollicito civitatis statu,
Quint. 6, 1, 16:principes regesque et quocumque alio nomine sunt tutores status publici,
guardians of public order, Sen. Clem. 1, 4, 3: curis omnium ad formandum publicum statum a tam sollemni munere aversis, Curt, 10, 10, 9; so,ad formandum rerum praesentium statum,
Just. 9, 5, 1:populo jam praesenti statu laeto,
Suet. Caes. 50:ad componendum Orientis statum,
id. Calig. 1:deploravit temporum statum,
id. Galb. 10:ad explorandum statum Galliarum,
id. Caes. 24:delegatus pacandae Germaniae status,
id. Tib. 16: et omnia habet rerum status iste mearum ( poet., = reipublicae meae), Ov. M. 7, 509.—Esp., of the political sentiments of the citizens:3.a Maronitis certiora de statu civitatium scituros,
Liv. 39, 27:ad visendum statum regionis ejus,
id. 42, 17, 1:suas quoque in eodem statu mansuras res esse,
id. 42, 29, 9:cum hic status in Boeotiā esset,
id. 42, 56, 8.—Of the constitution, institutions, form of government, etc.:4.Scipionem rogemus ut explicet quem existimet esse optimum statum civitatis,
Cic. Rep. 1, 20, 33; 1, 21, 34; 1, 46, 70;1, 47, 71: ob hanc causam praestare nostrae civitatis statum ceteris civitatibus,
id. ib. 2, 1, 2:itaque cum patres rerum potirentur, numquam constitisse statum civitatis,
the form of the government had never been permanent, id. ib. 1, 32, 49:in hoc statu rei publicae (decemvirali), quem dixi non posse esse diuturnum,
id. ib. 2, 37, 62:providete ne rei publicae status commutetur,
id. Har. Resp. 27, 60:eademque oritur etiam ex illo saepe optimatium praeclaro statu,
aristocratic form of government, id. Rep. 1, 44, 68:ut totum statum civitatis in hoc uno judicio positam esse putetis,
id. Fl. 1, 3:ut rei publicae statum convulsuri viderentur,
id. Pis. 2, 4:pro meā salute, pro vestrā auctoritate, pro statu civitatis nullum vitae discrimen vitandum umquam putavit,
id. Red. in Sen. 8, 20:cum hoc coire ausus es, ut consularem dignitatem, ut rei publicae statum... addiceres?
id. ib. 7, 16:omnia quae sunt in imperio et in statu civitatis ab iis defendi putantur,
id. Mur. 11, 24:intelleges (te habere) nihil quod aut hoc aut aliquo rei publicae statu timeas,
id. Fam. 6, 2, 3:quod ad statum Macedoniae pertinebat,
Liv. 45, 32, 2:ex commutatione statūs publici,
Vell. 2, 35, 4:haec oblivio concussum et labentem civitatis statum in pristinum habitum revocavit,
Val. Max. 4, 1, ext. 4:Gracchi civitatis statum conati erant convellere,
id. 6, 3, 1 fin.:Cicero ita legibus Sullae cohaerere statum civitatis affirmat ut his solutis stare ipsa non possit,
Quint. 11, 1, 85:qui eloquentiā turbaverant civitatium status vel everterant,
id. 2, 16, 4:id biduum quod de mutando reipublicae statu haesitatum erat,
Suet. Claud. 11:nec dissimulasse unquam pristinum se reipublicae statum restituturum,
id. ib. 1:conversus hieme ad ordinandum reipublicae statum, fastos correxit, etc.,
id. Caes. 40:tu civitatem quis deceat status Curas,
what institutions, Hor. C. 3, 29, 25.—Hence,Existence of the republic:C.quae lex ad imperium, ad majestatem, ad statum patriae, ad salutem omnium pertinet,
Cic. Cael. 29, 70 (= eo, ut stet patria, the country's existence):si enim status erit aliquis civitatis, quicunque erit,
id. Fam. 4, 14, 4: status enim rei publicae maxime judicatis rebus continetur, the existence of the republic depends on the decisions of the courts, i. e. their sacredness, id. Sull. 22, 63. —In nature, state, condition, etc.:D. 1.incolumitatis ac salutis omnium causā videmus hunc statum esse hujus totius mundi atque naturae,
Cic. Or. 3, 45, 178:ex alio alius status (i. e. mundi) excipere omnia debet,
Lucr. 5, 829:ex alio terram status excipit alter,
id. 5, 835:est etiam quoque pacatus status aëris ille,
id. 3, 292:non expectato solis ortu, ex quo statum caeli notare gubernatores possent,
Liv. 37, 12, 11:idem (mare) alio caeli statu recipit in se fretum,
Curt. 6, 4, 19:incertus status caeli,
Col. 11, 2:pluvius caeli status,
id. 2, 10:mitior caeli status,
Sen. Oedip. 1054.—In gen.:2.atque hoc loquor de tribus his generibus rerum publicarum non perturbatis atque permixtis, sed suum statum tenentibus,
preserving their essential features, Cic. Rep. 1, 28, 44.—Hence,Esp. in rhet. jurisp.(α).The answer to the action (acc. to Cic., because the defence: primum insistit in eo = the Gr. stasis):(β).refutatio accusationis appellatur Latine status, in quo primum insistit quasi ad repugnandum congressa defensio,
Cic. Top. 25, 93; so,statu (sic enim appellamus controversiarum genera),
id. Tusc. 3, 33, 79:statum quidam dixerunt primam causarum conflictionem,
Quint. 3, 6, 4; cf. Cic. Part. Or. 29, 102.—The main question, the essential point:E.quod nos statum id quidam constitutionem vocant, alii quaestionem, alii quod ex quaestione appareat, Theodorus caput, ad quod referantur omnia,
Quint. 3, 6, 2:non est status prima conflictio, sed quod ex primā conflictione nascitur, id est genus quaestionis,
the kind, nature of the question, id. 3, 6, 5; cf. the whole chapter.—In gram., the mood of the verb, instead of modus, because it distinguishes the conceptions of the speaker:► For statu liber, v.et tempora et status,
tenses and moods, Quint. 9, 3, 11:fiunt soloecismi per modos, sive cui status eos dici placet,
id. 1, 5, 41.statuliber. -
15 ars
ars artis, f [1 AR-], practical skill: manus et ars: arte laboratae vestes, V. — Esp., skill in a special pursuit, a profession, business, art: musica, poetry, T.: magica, V.: (artes) militares et imperatoriae, L.: civiles, politics, Ta.: dicendi, oratory: belli, L.: arte canere, O. — Poet.: artes Infra se positas, i. e. inferior ability, H.—Science, learning, knowledge: Graecae: optimae, N.: inventor artium (Mercurius), Cs. — Theory, general principles: alqd ad artem et ad praecepta revocare.— A work of art: exquisitae: clipeus, Didymaonis artes, V.: Quas (artīs) Parrhasius protulit, H. — Conduct, practice, character: veteres revocavit artīs, ancient virtues, H.: artis bonae fama, S.: artes eximiae: Nihil istac opus est arte, sed eis... Fide et taciturnitate, the service I want is not cookery, but, etc., T.: artium Gratarum facies, charming manners, H. — Cunning, artifice, stratagem, trick, fraud, deceit: arte tractare virum, T.: capti arte, L.: novas artīs versare, V.: nocendi, means, V.: dolosae, O.: arte ducis elusi, Ta.—An elementary treatise, instruction-book: praecepta in artibus relinquere: artem scindes Theodori, Iu.* * *skill/craft/art; trick, wile; science, knowledge; method, way; character (pl.) -
16 habitus
habitus ūs, m [HAB-], a condition, state, plight, habit, deportment, appearance, presence, mien: vir optimo habitu: corporis opimi: mediocris: oris et voltūs: habitūs corporum varii, Ta.: signa virginali habitu atque vestitu: Punicus, aspect, L.: muliebris.—Of things, condition, habit, appearance: armorum, L.: temporum, L.: gentes variae habitu vestis, V.—Of places: locorum, quality (of the soil), V.: Italiae, L.— Dress, attire Punicus cultus habitusque, L.: ubi Dardanios habitūs vidit, V.: Romano (i. e. the toga), H.: pastorum, L.: nec alius feminis quam viris, Ta.: longos habitūs sumit, Iu.—Fig., quality, nature, character: iustitia est habitus animi, etc.: rationis: Suo habitu vitam degere, Ph.: orationis.— A state of feeling, disposition: ex praesenti eos aestimat habitu, L.: quis habitus provinciarum? Ta.—In philos., moral culture.* * *condition, state; garment/dress/"get-up"; expression, demeanor; character -
17 honestās
honestās ātis, f [honos], honor received from others, repute, consideration, honor, reputation, character, respectability, credit: adipiscendaeque honestatis causā: honestate spoliatus: aliena, L.: honestatem omnem amittere, respect: honestatibus alqm privare (i. e. honoribus).— Plur, honorable men, men of standing: causa, in quā omnes honestates civitatis una consentiunt.—Of things, beauty, grace, merit: testudinis: in rebus.—Fig., uprightness, honor, honesty, probity, integrity, virtue, character: propter se expetenda.* * *honor, integrity, honesty; wealth (Plater) -
18 indolēs
indolēs is, f [indu+1 OL-], an inborn quality, natural quality, nature: in frugibus pecudibusque, L.—Native quality, nature, character, genius, disposition: adulescentes bonā indole praediti: virtutum atque vitiorum, L.: tanta, V.* * *innate character; inborn quality -
19 mōrātus
mōrātus adj. [mos], mannered, of morals, constituted, conditioned, circumstanced: (mulier) quibus morata moribus! T.: genus hominum optime: in tam bene moratā civitate, L.: male venter, insatiable, O.—Of style, expressive of character: poëma: recte morata Fabula, with accurate characterization, H.* * *morata, moratum ADJendowed with character or manners of a specified kind; gentle, civilized -
20 nātūra
nātūra ae, f birth: Naturā illi pater es, T.: naturā frater, adoptione filius, L.— Nature, natural constitution, property, quality: propria natura animae: qualis esset natura montis, qui cognoscerent, misit, Cs.: tigna secundum naturam fluminis procumberent, natural course of the river, Cs.: insula naturā triquetra, i. e. in shape, Cs.: naturas apibus quas Iuppiter ipse Addidit, expediam, V. —Nature, natural disposition, inclination, bent, temper, character: fera inmanisque: prolixa beneficaque: mitis contra naturam suam esse, L.: mihi benefacere iam ex consuetudine in naturam vertit, has become natural, S.: quasi altera, a second nature: Naturam expelles furcā, tamen usque recurret, H.—The order of the world, nature, course of things: quod rerum natura non patitur: naturae satis facere, i. e. die: naturae concedere, S.— Person.: ratio a naturā data: omnis natura volt esse conservatrix sui.—The world, universe, nature: totius naturae mens atque animus.—An element, thing, substance: quinta quaedam: edax, O.—The organs of generation.* * *nature; birth; character
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