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ceuta

  • 41 Сеута

    n
    geogr. Ceuta (город, испанское владение на севере Марокко;-)

    Универсальный русско-немецкий словарь > Сеута

  • 42 comunidad autónoma

    f.
    autonomous region.
    * * *
    autonomous region
    * * *
    Ex. The autonomous regions are responsible for the public libraries, and in the majority of cases have enacted legislation at the local level for the operation of their systems.
    * * *

    Ex: The autonomous regions are responsible for the public libraries, and in the majority of cases have enacted legislation at the local level for the operation of their systems.

    * * *
    Spain has long been been a diverse country, made up of different kingdoms and territories with their own languages, political institutions and legal systems. Periods of central control and uniformity, such as the Franco era, nurtured nationalist and separatist feeling in the Basque Country, Catalonia and Galicia. The 1978 Constitution changed Spain into a country consisting of 19 autonomous regions, known as comunidades autónomas or autonomías. These replaced the old regiones (↑ región a1). Each of them has its own parliament and government, and its relationship with the central government is governed by an estatuto. Some have more autonomy than others.
    The comunidades autónomas are: Andalusia, Aragon, Asturias, the Balearic Islands, the Basque Country, the Canary Islands, Cantabria, Castilla y León, Castilla-La Mancha, Catalonia, Extremadura, Galicia, Madrid, Murcia, Navarre, La Rioja, Valencia and the North African cities of Ceuta and Melilla. Estatuto/Estatut (↑ Estatuto 1, Estatut 1)
    * * *
    autonomous region

    Spanish-English dictionary > comunidad autónoma

  • 43 provincia

    f.
    province.
    * * *
    1 province
    \
    de provincias provincial
    * * *
    noun f.
    * * *
    SF
    1) (=distrito) province; Esp (Admin) ≈ county

    las Provincias Vascongadas — ( Hist) the Basque Provinces, the Basque Country

    2)

    de provincias: un pueblo de provincias — a country town, a provincial town

    PROVINCIA Spain is divided into 55 administrative provincias, including the islands and Ceuta and Melilla in North Africa. Each one has a capital de provincia, which generally has the same name as the province itself. Provincias are grouped by geography, history and culture into comunidades autónomas.
    See:
    ver nota culturelle COMUNIDAD AUTÓNOMA in comunidad
    * * *
    1)
    a) (Gob) province
    b) (Relig) province
    2) provincias femenino plural ( por oposición a la capital) provinces (pl)
    •• Cultural note:
    Each of the 55 different administrative areas into which Spain is divided. Each provincia includes a main city or town, sometimes more, depending on its social and economic power. The provincial capital usually has the same name as the province. Most comunidades autónomas comprise at least two or more provincias, except Madrid, Murcia and Cantabria, which consist of just one
    * * *
    Ex. Between 1979 and 1983, the number of independent trade union libraries was stagnant in Budapest, while it increased in the provinces.
    ----
    * capital de provincia = provincial capital.
    * de toda la provincia = province-wide.
    * en las provincias = in the provinces.
    * por toda la provincia = province-wide.
    * * *
    1)
    a) (Gob) province
    b) (Relig) province
    2) provincias femenino plural ( por oposición a la capital) provinces (pl)
    •• Cultural note:
    Each of the 55 different administrative areas into which Spain is divided. Each provincia includes a main city or town, sometimes more, depending on its social and economic power. The provincial capital usually has the same name as the province. Most comunidades autónomas comprise at least two or more provincias, except Madrid, Murcia and Cantabria, which consist of just one
    * * *

    Ex: Between 1979 and 1983, the number of independent trade union libraries was stagnant in Budapest, while it increased in the provinces.

    * capital de provincia = provincial capital.
    * de toda la provincia = province-wide.
    * en las provincias = in the provinces.
    * por toda la provincia = province-wide.

    * * *
    provincia (↑ provincia a1)
    A
    1 ( Gob) province
    capital de provincia provincial capital
    2 ( Relig) province
    una gira por las provincias or ( Esp) por provincias a tour of the provinces
    una ciudad de provincias a provincial city
    Each of the 55 different administrative areas into which Spain is divided. Each provincia includes a main city or town, sometimes more, depending on its social and economic power. The provincial capital usually has the same name as the province.
    Most comunidades autónomas comunidad autónoma (↑ comunidad a1) comprise at least two or more provincias, except Madrid, Murcia and Cantabria, which consist of just one.
    * * *

     

    provincia sustantivo femenino
    1 (Gob, Relig) province
    2
    ◊ provincias sustantivo femenino plural ( por oposición a la capital) provinces (pl);

    la vida de provincias provincial life
    provincia sustantivo femenino
    1 (territorio) province 2 provincias, (opuesto a la capital) provinces: en provincias no es habitual, it isn't usual in the provinces
    una ciudad de provincias, a provincial city
    ' provincia' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    ciudad
    - capital
    - departamento
    - limítrofe
    - oeste
    English:
    province
    - provincial
    * * *
    1. [división administrativa] province
    2. Rel province
    3.
    provincias [no la capital] the provinces;
    la gente de provincias people who live in the provinces;
    hacer una gira por provincias to go on a tour of the provinces
    * * *
    f province
    * * *
    : province
    ♦ provincial adj
    * * *
    provincia n province

    Spanish-English dictionary > provincia

  • 44 Сеута

    n
    toponim. Ceuta

    Dictionnaire russe-français universel > Сеута

  • 45 Abyla

    Abyla, ae, f. (Ἀβύλη), die nordwestl. Spitze des kleinen Atlas, am östl. Ende des fretum Herculeum (Straße von Gibraltar), ein hoher, steiler Berg, dem Berge Calpe in Spanien gegenüber, mit dem er die sogenannten Säulen des Herkules bildete, j. Sierra Ximiera bei Ceuta, Mel. 1, 5, 3; 2, 6, 8 (1. § 27 u. 2. § 95, wo Frick Abila schreibt), Plin. 3, 4: Maura Abyla, Avien. perieg. 111.

    Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > Abyla

  • 46 Сеута

    Русско-английский географический словарь > Сеута

  • 47 Pan-European Cumulation

    Pan-European Cumulation LOGIS, LAW, IMP/EXP paneuropäische Kumulation f, paneuropäische Kumulationszone f (a single preferential area with uniform rules for the determination of the preferential origin; Mitglieder: EU-27, die Schweiz, die EWR-Mitglieder Norwegen, Liechtenstein und Island sowie Ceuta, Melilla und die Türkei; seit 1. Juni 2004 Präferenzzone mit einheitlichen Regeln für die Bestimmung des präferenziellen Ursprungs und die präferenzielle Behandlung von Ursprungszeugnissen; Waren mit Ursprung aus einem Land der paneuropäischen Kumulation erfüllen die Kriterien zur Gewährung der Zollpräferenz; cf paneuropäische Kumulation)

    Englisch-Deutsch Fachwörterbuch der Wirtschaft > Pan-European Cumulation

  • 48 paneuropäische Kumulation

    paneuropäische Kumulation f LOGIS, RECHT, IMP/EXP Pan-European Cumulation, Pan-European Cumulation Area (Synonym: paneuropäische Kumulationszone; Mitglieder: EU-27, die Schweiz, die EWR-Mitglieder Norwegen, Liechtenstein und Island sowie Ceuta, Melilla und die Türkei; seit 1. Juni 2004 Präferenzzone mit einheitlichen Regeln für die Bestimmung des präferenziellen Ursprungs und die präferenzielle Behandlung von Ursprungszeugnissen; Waren mit Ursprung aus einem Land der paneuropäischen Kumulation erfüllen die Kriterien zur Gewährung der Zollpräferenz; a single preferential area with uniform rules for the determination of the preferential origin; cf Kumulation)

    Business german-english dictionary > paneuropäische Kumulation

  • 49 Chronology

      15,000-3,000 BCE Paleolithic cultures in western Portugal.
      400-200 BCE Greek and Carthaginian trade settlements on coast.
      202 BCE Roman armies invade ancient Lusitania.
      137 BCE Intensive Romanization of Lusitania begins.
      410 CE Germanic tribes — Suevi and Visigoths—begin conquest of Roman Lusitania and Galicia.
      714—16 Muslims begin conquest of Visigothic Lusitania.
      1034 Christian Reconquest frontier reaches Mondego River.
      1064 Christians conquer Coimbra.
      1139 Burgundian Count Afonso Henriques proclaims himself king of Portugal; birth of Portugal. Battle of Ourique: Afonso Henriques defeats Muslims.
      1147 With English Crusaders' help, Portuguese seize Lisbon from Muslims.
      1179 Papacy formally recognizes Portugal's independence (Pope Alexander III).
      1226 Campaign to reclaim Alentejo from Muslims begins.
      1249 Last Muslim city (Silves) falls to Portuguese Army.
      1381 Beginning of third war between Castile and Portugal.
      1383 Master of Aviz, João, proclaimed regent by Lisbon populace.
      1385 April: Master of Aviz, João I, proclaimed king of Portugal by Cortes of Coimbra. 14 August: Battle of Aljubarrota, Castilians defeated by royal forces, with assistance of English army.
      1394 Birth of "Prince Henry the Navigator," son of King João I.
      1415 Beginning of overseas expansion as Portugal captures Moroccan city of Ceuta.
      1419 Discovery of Madeira Islands.
      1425-28 Prince D. Pedro, older brother of Prince Henry, travels in Europe.
      1427 Discovery (or rediscovery?) of Azores Islands.
      1434 Prince Henry the Navigator's ships pass beyond Cape Bojador, West Africa.
      1437 Disaster at Tangier, Morocco, as Portuguese fail to capture city.
      1441 First African slaves from western Africa reach Portugal.
      1460 Death of Prince Henry. Portuguese reach what is now Senegal, West Africa.
      1470s Portuguese explore West African coast and reach what is now Ghana and Nigeria and begin colonizing islands of São Tomé and Príncipe.
      1479 Treaty of Alcáçovas between kings of Portugal and Spain.
      1482 Portuguese establish post at São Jorge da Mina, Gold Coast (now Ghana).
      1482-83 Portuguese navigator Diogo Cão reaches mouth of Congo River and Angola.
      1488 Navigator Bartolomeu Dias rounds Cape of Good Hope, South Africa, and finds route to Indian Ocean.
      1492-93 Columbus's first voyage to West Indies.
      1493 Columbus visits Azores and Portugal on return from first voyage; tells of discovery of New World. Treaty of Tordesillas signed between kings of Portugal and Spain: delimits spheres of conquest with line 370 leagues west of Cape Verde Islands (claimed by Portugal); Portugal's sphere to east of line includes, in effect, Brazil.
       King Manuel I and Royal Council decide to continue seeking all-water route around Africa to Asia.
       King Manuel I expels unconverted Jews from Portugal.
      1497-99 Epic voyage of Vasco da Gama from Portugal around Africa to west India, successful completion of sea route to Asia project; da Gama returns to Portugal with samples of Asian spices.
      1500 Bound for India, Navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral "discovers" coast of Brazil and claims it for Portugal.
      1506 Anti-Jewish riots in Lisbon.
       Battle of Diu, India; Portugal's command of Indian Ocean assured for some time with Francisco de Almeida's naval victory over Egyptian and Gujerati fleets.
       Afonso de Albuquerque conquers Goa, India; beginning of Portuguese hegemony in south Asia.
       Portuguese conquest of Malacca; commerce in Spice Islands.
      1519 Magellan begins circumnavigation voyage.
      1536 Inquisition begins in Portugal.
      1543 Portuguese merchants reach Japan.
      1557 Portuguese merchants granted Chinese territory of Macau for trading factory.
      1572 Luís de Camões publishes epic poem, Os Lusíadas.
      1578 Battle of Alcácer-Quivir; Moroccan forces defeat army of King Sebastião of Portugal; King Sebastião dies in battle. Portuguese succession crisis.
      1580 King Phillip II of Spain claims and conquers Portugal; Spanish rule of Portugal, 1580-1640.
      1607-24 Dutch conquer sections of Asia and Brazil formerly held by Portugal.
      1640 1 December: Portuguese revolution in Lisbon overthrows Spanish rule, restores independence. Beginning of Portugal's Braganza royal dynasty.
      1654 Following Dutch invasions and conquest of parts of Brazil and Angola, Dutch expelled by force.
      1661 Anglo-Portuguese Alliance treaty signed: England pledges to defend Portugal "as if it were England itself." Queen Catherine of Bra-ganza marries England's Charles II.
      1668 February: In Portuguese-Spanish peace treaty, Spain recognizes independence of Portugal, thus ending 28-year War of Restoration.
      1703 Methuen Treaties signed, key commercial trade agreement and defense treaty between England and Portugal.
      1750 Pombal becomes chief minister of King José I.
      1755 1 November: Massive Lisbon earthquake, tidal wave, and fire.
      1759 Expulsion of Jesuits from Portugal and colonies.
      1761 Slavery abolished in continental Portugal.
      1769 Abandonment of Mazagão, Morocco, last Portuguese outpost.
      1777 Pombal dismissed as chief minister by Queen Maria I, after death of José I.
      1791 Portugal and United States establish full diplomatic relations.
      1807 November: First Napoleonic invasion; French forces under Junot conquer Portugal. Royal family flees to colony of Brazil and remains there until 1821.
      1809 Second French invasion of Portugal under General Soult.
      1811 Third French invasion of Portugal under General Masséna.
      1813 Following British general Wellington's military victories, French forces evacuate Portugal.
      1817 Liberal, constitutional movements against absolutist monarchist rule break out in Brazil (Pernambuco) and Portugal (Lisbon, under General Gomes Freire); crushed by government. British marshal of Portugal's army, Beresford, rules Portugal.
       Liberal insurrection in army officer corps breaks out in Cadiz, Spain, and influences similar movement in Portugal's armed forces first in Oporto.
       King João VI returns from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and early draft of constitution; era of constitutional monarchy begins.
      1822 7 September: João VI's son Pedro proclaims independence of
       Brazil from Portugal and is named emperor. 23 September: Constitution of 1822 ratified.
       Portugal recognizes sovereign independence of Brazil.
       King João VI dies; power struggle for throne ensues between his sons, brothers Pedro and Miguel; Pedro, emperor of Brazil, abdicates Portuguese throne in favor of his daughter, D. Maria II, too young to assume crown. By agreement, Miguel, uncle of D. Maria, is to accept constitution and rule in her stead.
      1828 Miguel takes throne and abolishes constitution. Sections of Portugal rebel against Miguelite rule.
      1831 Emperor Pedro abdicates throne of Brazil and returns to Portugal to expel King Miguel from Portuguese throne.
      1832-34 Civil war between absolutist King Miguel and constitutionalist Pedro, who abandons throne of Brazil to restore his young daughter Maria to throne of Portugal; Miguel's armed forces defeated by those of Pedro. Miguel leaves for exile and constitution (1826 Charter) is restored.
      1834-53 Constitutional monarchy consolidated under rule of Queen Maria II, who dies in 1853.
      1851-71 Regeneration period of economic development and political stability; public works projects sponsored by Minister Fontes Pereira de Melo.
      1871-90 Rotativism period of alternating party governments; achieves political stability and less military intervention in politics and government. Expansion of colonial territory in tropical Africa.
       January: Following territorial dispute in central Africa, Britain delivers "Ultimatum" to Portugal demanding withdrawal of Portugal's forces from what is now Malawi and Zimbabwe. Portugal's government, humiliated in accepting demand under threat of a diplomatic break, falls. Beginning of governmental and political instability; monarchist decline and republicanism's rise.
       Anglo-Portuguese treaties signed relating to delimitation of frontiers in colonial Africa.
      1899 Treaty of Windsor; renewal of Anglo-Portuguese defense and friendship alliance.
      1903 Triumphal visit of King Edward VII to Portugal.
      1906 Politician João Franco supported by King Carlos I in dictatorship to restore order and reform.
      1908 1 February: Murder in Lisbon of King Carlos I and his heir apparent, Prince Dom Luís, by Portuguese anarchists. Eighteen-year-old King Manuel II assumes throne.
      1910 3-5 October: Following republican-led military insurrection in armed forces, monarchy falls and first Portuguese republic is proclaimed. Beginning of unstable, economically troubled, parliamentary republic form of government.
       May: Violent insurrection in Lisbon overturns government of General Pimenta de Castro; nearly a thousand casualties from several days of armed combat in capital.
       March: Following Portugal's honoring ally Britain's request to confiscate German shipping in Portuguese harbors, Germany declares war on Portugal; Portugal enters World War I on Allied side.
       Portugal organizes and dispatches Portuguese Expeditionary Corps to fight on the Western Front. 9 April: Portuguese forces mauled by German offensive in Battle of Lys. Food rationing and riots in Lisbon. Portuguese military operations in Mozambique against German expedition's invasion from German East Africa. 5 December: Authoritarian, presidentialist government under Major Sidónio Pais takes power in Lisbon, following a successful military coup.
      1918 11 November: Armistice brings cessation of hostilities on Western Front in World War I. Portuguese expeditionary forces stationed in Angola, Mozambique, and Flanders begin return trip to Portugal. 14 December: President Sidónio Pais assassinated. Chaotic period of ephemeral civil war ensues.
      1919-21 Excessively unstable political period, including January
      1919 abortive effort of Portuguese monarchists to restore Braganza dynasty to power. Republican forces prevail, but level of public violence, economic distress, and deprivation remains high.
      1921 October: Political violence attains peak with murder of former prime minister and other prominent political figures in Lisbon. Sectors of armed forces and Guarda Nacional Republicana are mutinous. Year of financial and corruption scandals, including Portuguese bank note (fraud) case; military court acquits guilty military insurrectionists, and one military judge declares "the country is sick."
       28 May: Republic overthrown by military coup or pronunciamento and conspiracy among officer corps. Parliament's doors locked and parliament closed for nearly nine years to January 1935. End of parliamentary republic, Western Europe's most unstable political system in this century, beginning of the Portuguese dictatorship, after 1930 known as the Estado Novo. Officer corps assumes reins of government, initiates military censorship of the press, and suppresses opposition.
       February: Military dictatorship under General Óscar Carmona crushes failed republican armed insurrection in Oporto and Lisbon.
       April: Military dictatorship names Professor Antônio de Oliveira Salazar minister of finance, with dictatorial powers over budget, to stabilize finances and rebuild economy. Insurrectionism among military elements continues into 1931.
      1930 Dr. Salazar named minister for colonies and announces balanced budgets. Salazar consolidates support by various means, including creation of official regime "movement," the National Union. Salazar engineers Colonial Act to ensure Lisbon's control of bankrupt African colonies by means of new fiscal controls and centralization of authority. July: Military dictatorship names Salazar prime minister for first time, and cabinet composition undergoes civilianization; academic colleagues and protégés plan conservative reform and rejuvenation of society, polity, and economy. Regime comes to be called the Estado Novo (New State). New State's constitution ratified by new parliament, the National Assembly; Portugal described in document as "unitary, corporative Republic" and governance influenced by Salazar's stern personality and doctrines such as integralism, Catholicism, and fiscal conservatism.
      1936 Violent instability and ensuing civil war in neighboring Spain, soon internationalized by fascist and communist intervention, shake Estado Novo regime. Pseudofascist period of regime features creation of imitation Fascist institutions to defend regime from leftist threats; Portugal institutes "Portuguese Youth" and "Portuguese Legion."
      1939 3 September: Prime Minister Salazar declares Portugal's neutrality in World War II. October: Anglo-Portuguese agreement grants naval and air base facilities to Britain and later to United States for Battle of the Atlantic and Normandy invasion support. Third Reich protests breach of Portugal's neutrality.
       6 June: On day of Allies' Normandy invasion, Portugal suspends mining and export of wolfram ore to both sides in war.
       8 May: Popular celebrations of Allied victory and Fascist defeat in Lisbon and Oporto coincide with Victory in Europe Day. Following managed elections for Estado Novo's National Assembly in November, regime police, renamed PIDE, with increased powers, represses opposition.
      1947 Abortive military coup in central Portugal easily crushed by regime. Independence of India and initiation of Indian protests against Portuguese colonial rule in Goa and other enclaves.
      1949 Portugal becomes founding member of NATO.
      1951 Portugal alters constitution and renames overseas colonies "Overseas Provinces." Portugal and United States sign military base agreements for use of air and naval facilities in Azores Islands and military aid to Lisbon. President Carmona dies in office, succeeded by General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58). July: Indians occupy enclave of Portuguese India (dependency of Damão) by means of passive resistance movement. August: Indian passive resistance movement in Portuguese India repelled by Portuguese forces with loss of life. December: With U.S. backing, Portugal admitted as member of United Nations (along with Spain). Air force general Humberto Delgado, in opposition, challenges Estado Novo's hand-picked successor to Craveiro Lopes, Admiral Américo Tomás. Delgado rallies coalition of democratic, liberal, and communist opposition but loses rigged election and later flees to exile in Brazil. Portugal joins European Free Trade Association (EFTA).
       January and February: Estado Novo rocked by armed African insurrection in northern Angola, crushed by armed forces. Hijacking of Portuguese ocean liner by ally of Delgado, Captain Henrique Galvão. April: Salazar defeats attempted military coup and reshuffles cabinet with group of younger figures who seek to reform colonial rule and strengthen the regime's image abroad. 18 December: Indian army rapidly defeats Portugal's defense force in Goa, Damão, and Diu and incorporates Portugal's Indian possessions into Indian Union. January: Abortive military coup in Beja, Portugal.
      1965 February: General Delgado and his Brazilian secretary murdered and secretly buried near Spanish frontier by political police, PIDE.
      1968 August and September: Prime Minister Salazar, aged 79, suffers crippling stoke. President Tomás names former cabinet officer Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor. Caetano institutes modest reforms in Portugal and overseas.
      1971 Caetano government ratifies amended constitution that allows slight devolution and autonomy to overseas provinces in Africa and Asia. Right-wing loyalists oppose reforms in Portugal. 25 April: Military coup engineered by Armed Forces Movement overthrows Estado Novo and establishes provisional government emphasizing democratization, development, and decolonization. Limited resistance by loyalists. President Tomás and Premier Caetano flown to exile first in Madeira and then in Brazil. General Spínola appointed president. September: Revolution moves to left, as President Spínola, thwarted in his program, resigns.
       March: Military coup by conservative forces fails, and leftist response includes nationalization of major portion of economy. Polarization between forces and parties of left and right. 25 November: Military coup by moderate military elements thwarts leftist forces. Constituent Assembly prepares constitution. Revolution moves from left to center and then right.
       March: Constitution ratified by Assembly of the Republic. 25 April: Second general legislative election gives largest share of seats to Socialist Party (PS). Former oppositionist lawyer, Mário Soares, elected deputy and named prime minister.
      1977-85 Political pendulum of democratic Portugal moves from center-left to center-right, as Social Democratic Party (PSD) increases hold on assembly and take office under Prime Minister Cavaco Silva. July
      1985 elections give edge to PSD who advocate strong free-enterprise measures and revision of leftist-generated 1976 Constitution, amended modestly in 1982.
      1986 January: Portugal joins European Economic Community (EEC).
      1987 July: General, legislative elections for assembly give more than 50 percent to PSD led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva. For first time, since 1974, Portugal has a working majority government.
      1989 June: Following revisions of 1976 Constitution, reprivatization of economy begins, under PS government.
       January: Presidential elections, Mário Soares reelected for second term. July: General, legislative elections for assembly result in new PSD victory and majority government.
       January-July: Portugal holds presidency of the Council of the European Economic Community (EEC). December: Tariff barriers fall as fully integrated Common Market established in the EEC.
       November: Treaty of Maastricht comes into force. The EEC officially becomes the European Union (EU). Portugal is signatory with 11 other member-nations.
       October: General, legislative elections for assembly result in PS victory and naming of Prime Minister Guterres. PS replace PSD as leading political party. November: Excavations for Lisbon bank uncover ancient Phoenician, Roman, and Christian ruins.
       January: General, presidential elections; socialist Jorge Sampaio defeats PSD's Cavaco Silva and assumes presidency from Dr. Mário Soares. July: Community of Portuguese Languages Countries (CPLP) cofounded by Portugal and Brazil.
       May-September: Expo '98 held in Lisbon. Opening of Vasco da Gama Bridge across Tagus River, Europe's longest (17 kilometers/ 11 miles). June: National referendum on abortion law change defeated after low voter turnout. November: National referendum on regionaliza-tion and devolution of power defeated after another low voter turnout.
       October: General, legislative elections: PS victory over PSD lacks clear majority in parliament. Following East Timor referendum, which votes for independence and withdrawal of Indonesia, outburst of popular outrage in streets, media, and communications of Portugal approves armed intervention and administration of United Nations (and withdrawal of Indonesia) in East Timor. Portugal and Indonesia restore diplomatic relations. December: A Special Territory since 1975, Colony of Macau transferred to sovereignty of People's Republic of China.
       January-June: Portugal holds presidency of the Council of the EU; end of Discoveries Historical Commemoration Cycle (1988-2000).
       United Nations forces continue to occupy and administer former colony of East Timor, with Portugal's approval.
       January: General, presidential elections; PS president Sampaio reelected for second term. City of Oporto, "European City of Culture" for the year, hosts arts festival. December: Municipal elections: PSD defeats PS; socialist prime minister Guterres resigns; President Sampaio calls March parliamentary elections.
       1 January: Portugal enters single European Currency system. Euro currency adopted and ceases use of former national currency, the escudo. March: Parliamentary elections; PSD defeats PS and José Durão Barroso becomes prime minister. Military modernization law passed. Portugal holds chairmanship of Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE).
       May: Municipal law passed permitting municipalities to reorganize in new ways.
       June: Prime Minister Durão Barroso, invited to succeed Romano Prodi as president of EU Commission, resigns. Pedro Santana Lopes becomes prime minister. European Parliament elections held. Conscription for national service in army and navy ended. Mass grave uncovered at Academy of Sciences Museum, Lisbon, revealing remains of several thousand victims of Lisbon earthquake, 1755.
       February: Parliamentary elections; PS defeats PSD, socialists win first absolute majority in parliament since 1975. José Sócrates becomes prime minister.
       January: Presidential elections; PSD candidate Aníbal Cavaco Silva elected and assumes presidency from Jorge Sampaio. Portugal's national soccer team ranked 7th out of 205 countries by international soccer association. European Union's Bologna Process in educational reform initiated in Portugal.
       July-December: Portugal holds presidency of the Council of the European Union. For reasons of economy, Portugal announces closure of many consulates, especially in France and the eastern US. Government begins official inspections of private institutions of higher education, following scandals.
      2008 January: Prime Minister Sócrates announces location of new Lisbon area airport as Alcochete, on south bank of Tagus River, site of air force shooting range. February: Portuguese Army begins to receive new modern battle tanks (Leopard 2 A6). March: Mass protest of 85,000 public school (primary and secondary levels) teachers in Lisbon schools dispute recent educational policies of minister of education and prime minister.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Chronology

  • 50 Peace treaty of 1668, Luso-Spanish

       Portugal and Spain signed the Peace Treaty of 13 February 1668 that ended the War of Restoration, which had continued since 1641. The negotiations were mediated by England, which guaranteed that the peace would be kept. By this important document, both states promised to return their respective conquests during that war, with the exception of the city of Ceuta in Morocco, which declared for Spanish sovereignty and was not returned to Portugal. Spain's signing of the treaty also signified that Portuguese independence was definitively recognized.
        See also Pedro II, king.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Peace treaty of 1668, Luso-Spanish

  • 51 Philippa of Lancaster, queen

    (1360-1415)
       Wife of King João I of Portugal and daughter of John of Gaunt, son of King Edward III. Born in England, she was educated at home within the bosom of the royal family and little is known of her life until she was 26 and sailed to Castile with her father. The marriage of King João I and Philippa was celebrated in Oporto in 1387, and during the next 15 years of the queen's life, at least half of the time was expended in pregnancy and childbearing. From age 27 to 42, a remarkable physical feat for that era or any other, Philippa bore the so-called "illustrious generation" of children that included Prince Henry of Aviz (Prince Henry the Navigator), Prince Pedro, and King Duarte (r. 1433-38). Her six sons alone dominated politics for generations, and although what precise role she had in their education is unclear, her influence was present in continuing the Anglo- Portuguese Alliance and in encouraging the expansion of Portugal into North Africa.
       Philippa maintained a long correspondence with her family in England, was very religious, and introduced a new liturgy into the Portuguese Church services. Philippa, who was a strong influence in encouraging the crusade to attack Muslim North Africa, died of the Black Plague on the eve of the epoch-making Ceuta expedition in 1415. Although she died at Odivelas, eventually her remains were transferred to the great Monastery of Batalha (1416), where the effigy on her fine tomb is the only faithful likeness of her in Portugal.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Philippa of Lancaster, queen

  • 52 Sintra, National Palace of

       Located off the main square in the town of Sintra, the National Palace is one of the country's oldest royal residences. Together with its rich mixture of architectural styles from different eras and cultures, the National Palace's long history of being the place where monarchs and councils made historic decisions makes the site today an especially appealing tourist attraction. With its origins in a 14th-century Gothic palace of the era of King Dinis (r. 1279-1325), this monument was added onto and altered in the course of the 15th century. It was in this palace that King João I made the vital decision in 1415 to send an expedition to capture Ceuta in Morocco, the beginning of Portugal's overseas empire. The most important additions to the palace, however, came between 1505 and 1520 under King Manuel I, and the Manueline architectural style was added to the original Gothic. The two massive Gothic kitchen chimneys from an earlier era were incorporated and not changed. Into the Manueline style was blended a strong Moorish art element including decorative tiles or azulejos and an adapted interior mosque, which was converted into a chapel. The National Palace contains the largest repository of the oldest azulejos, some dating to the 15th century, of any palace in Portugal. Among the unusual rooms must be counted the council room (with an ocean view), the Swan Room, and the Magpie Room, with rare, painted ceilings.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Sintra, National Palace of

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       ■. Crónica d'El Rey D. João II. Coimbra: Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra, 1950.
       ■ Zurara, Gomes Eanes de. The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea, 2 vols. C. R. Beazley and Edgar Prestage, trans. London: Hakluyt Society, 1896-99.
       ■. Crónica da tomada de Ceuta. Lisbon, 1915.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > GENERAL REFERENCES

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См. также в других словарях:

  • CEUTA — (Arabic Sebta), Spanish enclave on the northwest coast of Morocco, 16 miles dirctly south of Gibraltar. According to legend, it was founded by Shem, the son of Noah. During the Middle Ages Ceuta was one of the most important Mediterranean ports.… …   Encyclopedia of Judaism

  • Ceuta — es una ciudad autónoma española situada al norte de Marruecos a orillas del Mar Mediterraneo en el estrecho de Gibraltar. Ceuta, junto a Melilla, es reivindicada por Marruecos como parte de su territorio. * * * ► Ciudad española del N de África;… …   Enciclopedia Universal

  • Ceuta —   [ θɛu̯ta, spanisch], arabisch Sẹbta, Hafenstadt an der marokkanischen Küste der Straße von Gibraltar, 67 600 Einwohner; steht unter spanischer Hoheit und gehört verwaltungsmäßig zur Provinz Cádiz. Ceuta liegt auf einer Halbinsel und gliedert… …   Universal-Lexikon

  • Cēuta — (spr. Dse uta), 1) Vorgebirge der Nordküste von Afrika, am Osteingange der Straße von Gibraltar; 2) Stadt ebendaselbst auf der gleichnamigen Halbinsel, die mit der Stadt stark befestigt ist, den Spaniern gehört u. ein eigenes Kriegsgouvernement… …   Pierer's Universal-Lexikon

  • Ceuta — (spr. dsē uta), stark befestigte Hafenstadt und Hauptort der span. Presidios (s.d.) in Marokko, auf einer Halbinsel am Mittelmeer, Gibraltar gegenüber, ist Sitz eines Bischofs, eines Militärtribunals und der Zivilverwaltung, hat eine Kathedrale,… …   Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon

  • Céuta — Céūta, maur. Sebta, befestigte span. Stadt (Presidio) auf einer Halbinsel der Mittelmeerküste Marokkos, zur Prov. Cádiz gehörig, (1897) 12.862 E …   Kleines Konversations-Lexikon

  • Ceuta — (Se uta), Vorgebirge und Festung auf der Nordküste von Afrika, Gibraltar gegenüber, 10000 E.; portug. seit 1415, span. 1580, dient jetzt als Presidio (Deportationsplatz für Verbrecher) …   Herders Conversations-Lexikon

  • Ceuta — v. espagnole, sur la côte médit. du Maroc, face à Gibraltar; 19,3 km²; 71 403 hab. Port franc et port de voyageurs. Usine de dessalement de l eau de mer. Annexée par l Espagne en 1580, la ville fut déclarée port franc en 1956. Le Maroc la… …   Encyclopédie Universelle

  • Ceuta — [syoot′ə; ] Sp [ thā′o͞o tä΄] Spanish enclave on the coast of Morocco, opposite Gibraltar: pop. 68,000 …   English World dictionary

  • Ceuta — Para otros usos de este término, véase Ceuta (desambiguación). Ceuta Ciudad autónoma de España …   Wikipedia Español

  • Ceuta — Sabtah redirects here. For the Biblical figure, see List of minor Biblical figures. For other uses, see Ceuta (disambiguation). Autonomous City of Ceuta Ciudad Autónoma de Ceuta   Autonomous city   …   Wikipedia

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