-
1 C
C, c, n. indecl., or f., the third letter of the Latin alphabet; corresponded originally in sound to the Greek G (which in inscrr., esp. in the Doric, was frequently written like the Latin C; v. O. Müll. Etrusk. 2, p. 295); hence the old orthography: LECIONES, MACISTRATOS, EXFOCIONT, [pu]CNANDOD, PVC[nad], CARTACINIENSI, upon the Columna rostrata, for legiones, magistratos, effugiunt, pugnando, pugnā, Carthaginiensi; and the prænomina Gaius and Gnaeus, even to the latest times, were designated by C. and Cn., while Caeso or Kaeso was written with K; cf. the letter G. Still, even as early as the time of the kings, whether through the influence of the Tuscans, among whom G sounded like K, or of the. Sabines, whose language was kindred with that of the Tuscans, the C seems to have been substituted for K; hence even Consul was designated by Cos., and K remained in use only before a, as in Kalendae; k. k. for calumniae causā, INTERKAL for intercalaris, MERK for mercatus, and in a few other republican inscrr., because by this vowel K was distinguished from Q, as in Gr. Kappa from Koppa, and in Phœnician Caph from Cuph, while C was employed like other consonants with e. Q was used at the beginning of words only when u, pronounced like v, followed, as Quirites from Cures, Tanaquil from Thanchufil, Thanchfil, ThankWil; accordingly, C everywhere took the place of Q, when that accompanying labial sound was lost, or u was used as a vowel; so in the gentile name of Maecenas Cilnius, from the Etrusk. Cvelne or Cfelne (O. Müll. Etrusk. 1, p. 414 sq.); so in coctus, cocus, alicubi, sicubi; in relicŭŭs (four syl.) for reliquus (trisyl.): AECETIA = AEQITIA, i. q. aequitas (V. AECETIA), etc., and as in the Golden Age cujus was written for quojus, and cui for quoi (corresponding to cum for quom); thus, even in the most ancient period, quor or cur was used together with [p. 257] quare, cura with quaero, curia with Quiris, as inversely inquilinus with incola, and in S. C. Bacch. OQVOLTOD = occulto. Hence, at the end of words que, as well as ce in hic, sic, istic, illic, was changed to c, as in ac for atque, nec for neque, nunc, tunc, donec for numque, tumque, dumque; and in the middle of words it might also pass into g. as in negotium and neglego, cf. necopinus. Since C thus gradually took the place of K and Q, with the single exception that our kw was throughout designated by qu, it was strange that under the emperors grammarians began again to write k instead of c before a, though even Quint. 1, 7, 10, expressed his displeasure at this; and they afterwards wrote q before u, even when no labial sound followed, as in pequnia, or merely peqnia, for pecunia; cf. the letters Q and U. About the beginning of the sixth century of the city the modified form G was introduced for the flat guttural sound, and C thenceforth regularly represented the hard sound = our K. The use of aspirates was unknown to the Romans during the first six centuries, hence the letter C also represents the Gr. X, as BACA and BACANALIBVS, for Baccha and Bacchanalibus (the single C instead of the double, as regularly in the most ancient times); cf. also schizô with scindo, and poluchroos with pulcer. But even in the time of Cicero scheda came into use for scida, and pulcher for pulcer; so also the name of the Gracchi was aspirated, as were the name Cethegus and the word triumphus, which, however, in the song of the Arval brothers, is TRIVMPVS; cf. Cic. Or. 48, 160, and the letter P. About this time the use of aspirates became so common, in imitation of Greek, that Catullus wrote upon it an epigram (84), which begins with the words: Cho mmoda dicebat, si quando commoda vellet; and in Monum. Ancyr. inchoo is used for the orig. incoho, acc. to which the ancient Romans also employed cohors for chors (v. cohors).On account of the near relationship of c and g, as given above, they are very often interchanged, esp. when connected with liquids: Cygnus, Progne, Gnidus, Gnossus, from kuknos, Proknê, Knidos, Knôssos (even when n was separated from c by a vowel, as in Saguntum for Zakunthos, or absorbed by an s, as in vigesimus and trigesimus for vicensimus and tricensimus); mulgeo for mulceo, segmen from seco, gummi for commi (kommi); gurgulio for curculio, grabatus for krabatos, so that amurca was also written for amurga, from amorgê, as inversely conger for gonger, from gongros; but also with other letters; cf. mastruca and mastruga, misceo and misgô, mugio and mukaomai, gobius and kôbios, gubernator and kubernêtês. Not less freq. is the interchange of c and t, which is noticed by Quint. Inst. 1, 11, 5, and in accordance with which, in composition, d or t before qu, except with que, became c, as acquiro, nequicquam, iccirco for idcirco, ecquis for etquis, etc. Hence is explained the rejection of c before t, as in Lutatius for Luctatius, and the arbitrariness with which many names were written with cc or tt for ct, as Vettones for Vectones; Nacca or Natta for Nacta (from the Gr. gnaptô). It would be erroneouś to infer, from the varied orthography of the names' Accius, Attius, and Actius, or Peccius, Pettius, and Pectius, a hissing pronunciation of them; for as the Romans interchange the terminations icius and itius, and the orthography fetialis and fecialis, indutiae and induciae, with one another, they also wrote Basculi or Bastuli, anclare or antlare, etc. Ci for ti does not appear till an African inscr. of the third century after Christ, and not often before Gallic inscrr. and documents of the seventh century; ti for ci is not certainly found before the end of the fourth century; and ci before a vowel does not appear to have been pronounced as sh, except provincially, before the sixth or seventh century; cf. Roby, Gr. bk. 1, ch. 7; and so in gen., Corss. Ausspr. I. p. 33 sqq. C is sometimes interchanged with p: columba, palumbes; coquus, popa, popina (cf. in Gr. koteros; Sanscr. katara; poteros; Lat. uter). C is sometimes dropped in the middle of a word: luna for luc-na, lumen for luc-men; so also at the beginning of a word: uter for cuter; Sanscr. katara, v. supra.As an abbreviation, C designates Gaius, and reversed, O, Gaia; cf. Quint. 1, 7, 28. As a numeral, C = centum, and upon voting tablets = condemno, Ascon. Cic. Div. in Caecil. 7, 24; cf. the letter A fin.;hence it is called littera tristis (opp. A = absolvo, which is called littera salutaris),
Cic. Mil. 6, 15 Moeb. -
2 c
C, c, n. indecl., or f., the third letter of the Latin alphabet; corresponded originally in sound to the Greek G (which in inscrr., esp. in the Doric, was frequently written like the Latin C; v. O. Müll. Etrusk. 2, p. 295); hence the old orthography: LECIONES, MACISTRATOS, EXFOCIONT, [pu]CNANDOD, PVC[nad], CARTACINIENSI, upon the Columna rostrata, for legiones, magistratos, effugiunt, pugnando, pugnā, Carthaginiensi; and the prænomina Gaius and Gnaeus, even to the latest times, were designated by C. and Cn., while Caeso or Kaeso was written with K; cf. the letter G. Still, even as early as the time of the kings, whether through the influence of the Tuscans, among whom G sounded like K, or of the. Sabines, whose language was kindred with that of the Tuscans, the C seems to have been substituted for K; hence even Consul was designated by Cos., and K remained in use only before a, as in Kalendae; k. k. for calumniae causā, INTERKAL for intercalaris, MERK for mercatus, and in a few other republican inscrr., because by this vowel K was distinguished from Q, as in Gr. Kappa from Koppa, and in Phœnician Caph from Cuph, while C was employed like other consonants with e. Q was used at the beginning of words only when u, pronounced like v, followed, as Quirites from Cures, Tanaquil from Thanchufil, Thanchfil, ThankWil; accordingly, C everywhere took the place of Q, when that accompanying labial sound was lost, or u was used as a vowel; so in the gentile name of Maecenas Cilnius, from the Etrusk. Cvelne or Cfelne (O. Müll. Etrusk. 1, p. 414 sq.); so in coctus, cocus, alicubi, sicubi; in relicŭŭs (four syl.) for reliquus (trisyl.): AECETIA = AEQITIA, i. q. aequitas (V. AECETIA), etc., and as in the Golden Age cujus was written for quojus, and cui for quoi (corresponding to cum for quom); thus, even in the most ancient period, quor or cur was used together with [p. 257] quare, cura with quaero, curia with Quiris, as inversely inquilinus with incola, and in S. C. Bacch. OQVOLTOD = occulto. Hence, at the end of words que, as well as ce in hic, sic, istic, illic, was changed to c, as in ac for atque, nec for neque, nunc, tunc, donec for numque, tumque, dumque; and in the middle of words it might also pass into g. as in negotium and neglego, cf. necopinus. Since C thus gradually took the place of K and Q, with the single exception that our kw was throughout designated by qu, it was strange that under the emperors grammarians began again to write k instead of c before a, though even Quint. 1, 7, 10, expressed his displeasure at this; and they afterwards wrote q before u, even when no labial sound followed, as in pequnia, or merely peqnia, for pecunia; cf. the letters Q and U. About the beginning of the sixth century of the city the modified form G was introduced for the flat guttural sound, and C thenceforth regularly represented the hard sound = our K. The use of aspirates was unknown to the Romans during the first six centuries, hence the letter C also represents the Gr. X, as BACA and BACANALIBVS, for Baccha and Bacchanalibus (the single C instead of the double, as regularly in the most ancient times); cf. also schizô with scindo, and poluchroos with pulcer. But even in the time of Cicero scheda came into use for scida, and pulcher for pulcer; so also the name of the Gracchi was aspirated, as were the name Cethegus and the word triumphus, which, however, in the song of the Arval brothers, is TRIVMPVS; cf. Cic. Or. 48, 160, and the letter P. About this time the use of aspirates became so common, in imitation of Greek, that Catullus wrote upon it an epigram (84), which begins with the words: Cho mmoda dicebat, si quando commoda vellet; and in Monum. Ancyr. inchoo is used for the orig. incoho, acc. to which the ancient Romans also employed cohors for chors (v. cohors).On account of the near relationship of c and g, as given above, they are very often interchanged, esp. when connected with liquids: Cygnus, Progne, Gnidus, Gnossus, from kuknos, Proknê, Knidos, Knôssos (even when n was separated from c by a vowel, as in Saguntum for Zakunthos, or absorbed by an s, as in vigesimus and trigesimus for vicensimus and tricensimus); mulgeo for mulceo, segmen from seco, gummi for commi (kommi); gurgulio for curculio, grabatus for krabatos, so that amurca was also written for amurga, from amorgê, as inversely conger for gonger, from gongros; but also with other letters; cf. mastruca and mastruga, misceo and misgô, mugio and mukaomai, gobius and kôbios, gubernator and kubernêtês. Not less freq. is the interchange of c and t, which is noticed by Quint. Inst. 1, 11, 5, and in accordance with which, in composition, d or t before qu, except with que, became c, as acquiro, nequicquam, iccirco for idcirco, ecquis for etquis, etc. Hence is explained the rejection of c before t, as in Lutatius for Luctatius, and the arbitrariness with which many names were written with cc or tt for ct, as Vettones for Vectones; Nacca or Natta for Nacta (from the Gr. gnaptô). It would be erroneouś to infer, from the varied orthography of the names' Accius, Attius, and Actius, or Peccius, Pettius, and Pectius, a hissing pronunciation of them; for as the Romans interchange the terminations icius and itius, and the orthography fetialis and fecialis, indutiae and induciae, with one another, they also wrote Basculi or Bastuli, anclare or antlare, etc. Ci for ti does not appear till an African inscr. of the third century after Christ, and not often before Gallic inscrr. and documents of the seventh century; ti for ci is not certainly found before the end of the fourth century; and ci before a vowel does not appear to have been pronounced as sh, except provincially, before the sixth or seventh century; cf. Roby, Gr. bk. 1, ch. 7; and so in gen., Corss. Ausspr. I. p. 33 sqq. C is sometimes interchanged with p: columba, palumbes; coquus, popa, popina (cf. in Gr. koteros; Sanscr. katara; poteros; Lat. uter). C is sometimes dropped in the middle of a word: luna for luc-na, lumen for luc-men; so also at the beginning of a word: uter for cuter; Sanscr. katara, v. supra.As an abbreviation, C designates Gaius, and reversed, O, Gaia; cf. Quint. 1, 7, 28. As a numeral, C = centum, and upon voting tablets = condemno, Ascon. Cic. Div. in Caecil. 7, 24; cf. the letter A fin.;hence it is called littera tristis (opp. A = absolvo, which is called littera salutaris),
Cic. Mil. 6, 15 Moeb. -
3 praerogātīvus
praerogātīvus adj. [prae-rogo, to ask first], voting first, asked before others: centuria, which cast the first vote in the comitia (originally the century of the equites, afterwards that which obtained the right by lot).—Hence, as subst f. (sc. centuria), the prerogative century: praerogativam maiores omen iustorum comitiorum esse voluerunt: sors praerogativae, L.: Calvum praerogativae tribunum militum creant, i. e. the equites, L.: omen praerogativae, i. e. in the choice of the century that voted first: praerogativam referre, to report the vote of the prerogative century.—A previous choice, preliminary election: militaris, L.: comitiorum militarium, L.— A sure sign, token, prognostic, omen: voluntatis suae.* * *praerogativa, praerogativum ADJasked before others (for vote, opinion, etc.) -
4 centuria
centuria ae, f [centum], a division of a hundred, century, company: centuriae tres equitum, L.: milites eiusdem centuriae, Cs.: pecus exercitui per centurias distribuere, S.—A division of the people, century (the constitution, ascribed to Servius Tullius, divided the people according to wealth into 193 centuries), L. They voted by centuries in the comitia centuriata: praetor centuriis cunctis renuntiatus: praerogativa. — A division of land, tract.* * *century, company of 60-100 men in legion; voting unit; land unit (200 jugera) -
5 centuria
centŭrĭa, ae, f. [centum], orig., an assemblage or a division consisting of a hundred things of a kind; hence in gen., any division, even if it consists not of a hundred.I.In agricult., a number of acres of ground, Varr. L. L. 5, 4, 10, § 35; cf. id. R. R. 1, 10 fin.; 18, 5; Col. 5, 1, 7; Hyg. Lim. p. 154 Goes.—II.In milit. lang., a division of troops, a century, company:III.centuriae, quae sub uno centurione sunt, quorum centenarius justus numerus,
Varr. L. L. 5. 16, 26, §88, p. 26 Bip.: centuriae tres equitum, Ramnenses, Titienses, Luceres,
Liv. 1, 13, 8: in legione sunt centuriae sexaginta, manipuli triginta, cohortes decem, Cincius ap. Gell. 16, 4, 6; cf. Veg. Mil. 2, 13 sq.; Caes. B. C. 1, 64; 3, 91; Sall. J. 91, 1.—Of the Roman people, one of the one hundred and ninety-three orders into which Servius Tullius divided the Roman people according to their property, a century, Cic. Rep. 2, 22, 39 sq. Moser; Liv. 1, 43, 1 sq.; cf. Dion. Halic. 4, 16 sq.; Nieb. Röm. Gesch. 1, p. 477 sq.—Hence the assemblies in which they voted acc. to centuries were called comitia centuriata;v. 1. centurio. The century designated by lot as voting first was called centuria praerogativa,
Cic. Planc. 20, 49; v. praerogativus; cf. Dict. of Antiq. -
6 Justinus
I.A Roman historian in the second century of the Christian era, who made an abstract of the historical work of Trogus Pompeius.—II.Justinus I., a Roman emperor of low birth (a swine-herd) in the sixth century of the Christian era. —III.Justinus II., a Roman emperor in the latter half of the sixth century. —Hence, Justīnĭānus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the emperor Justin: labores, Coripp. Laud. Just. 1, 263.—IV.A philosopher who defended the Christians under Antoninus Pius, called also Justin Martyr, Hier. Ep. 70, 4 al. -
7 praerogativus
praerŏgātīvus, a, um, adj. [praerogo], that is asked before others for his opinion, that votes before or first, prerogative (class.).I.Adj.:II.centuria praerogativa,
Cic. Planc. 20, 49; cf. Fest. p. 249 Müll.; Becker, Antiq. II. 3, p. 3 sq., and the authorities there cited; Mommsen, Die Röm. Tribus, p. 64 sq.—More freq.,Subst.: praerŏgā-tīva, ae, f. (sc. tribus or centuria). Lit., the tribe or century to which it fell, by lot, to vote first in the Comitia, Cic. Div. 1, 45, 103:B.praerogativa Veturia juniorum (because it was double, juniorum and seniorum),
Liv. 26, 22, 2; cf.:cum sors praerogativae Aniensi juniorum exisset,
id. 24, 7 fin.; cf. id. 26, 22, 2:Q. Fabium et praerogativae et primo vocatae omnes centuriae consulem dicebant, i. e. the centuriae equitum who, in that ancient time, voted first,
id. 10, 22, 1; cf.: praerogativae sunt tribus, quae primae suffragium ferunt ante jure vocatas. Mos enim fuerat, quo facilius in comitiis concordia populi firmaretur, bina omnia de iisdem candidatis comitia fieri: quorum tribus primae praerogativae dicebantur, quod primae rogarentur, quos vellent consules fieri, secundae jure vocatae, quod in his, sequente populo, ut saepe contigit, praerogativarum voluntatem, jure omnia complerentur, Ascon. ap. Cic. Verr. 1, 9, 26.—Collect. of the same; praerogativa, with plur.:praerogativa tribunum militum non petentem creant,
Liv. 5, 18, 1.—In plur.:praerogativae of two comitia,
Cic. Verr. 1, 9, 26: omen praerogativae, i. e. the choice of the century that voted first, which was regarded as an omen, id. Mur. 18, 38; cf.:praerogativam etiam majores omen justorum comitiorum esse voluerunt,
id. Div. 1, 45, 103:praerogativam referre, said of the herald who informed the magistrate holding the comitia of the choice of the century that voted first,
id. ib. 2, 35, 74;also praerogativam renuntiare,
id. Phil. 2, 33, 82.—Because the other tribes or centuries readily followed the praerogativa; hence, transf.A previous choice or election:2.militaris,
Liv. 21, 3, 1:comitiorum militarium,
id. 3, 51, 8:equitum,
id. 28, 9 fin. —A sure sign, token, pregnostie, omen: quod si triumphi praerogativam putas supplicationem, Cato ap. Cic. Fam. 15, 5, 2:3.voluntatis suae,
Cic. Verr. 1, 9, 26:fecunditatis in feminis,
Plin. 7, 16, 14, § 67.—Preference, privilege, prerogative:decoris in gemmis,
Plin. 37, 9, 46, § 129:magni enim faciunt provinciales, servari sibi consuetudinem istam, et hujusmodi praerogativas,
Dig. 1, 16, 4; cf. ib. 26, 7, 11:vetus illa imperatoriae domūs praerogativa,
Eum. Pan. ad Constant. 2; Ambros. in Psa. 43, 13; 118, Serm. 2, 14 fin. -
8 centuriō
centuriō ōnis, m [centuria], a commander of a century, captain, centurion (next in rank to the tribunes of the legion), C., S., L., H.: primi pili, of the first maniple (of the triarii), the first centurion of the legion, S. — Plur: primorum ordinum, i. e. the six centurions of the first cohort, Cs.* * *Icenturiare, centuriavi, centuriatus V TRANSarrange/assign (soldiers) in military centuries; divide land into centuriaeIIcenturion, captain/commander of a century/company -
9 saeculāris
saeculāris e (sēc-), adj., of a saeculum: ludi, Ta.* * *Isaecularis, saeculare ADJof/belonging to seculum/century/generation; of Roman century games/hymnsIIsaecularis, saeculare ADJsecular, of world not church; ecclesiastics not member of order (Bee); gentile -
10 saeclaris
saeclaris, saeclare ADJof/belonging to seculum/century/generation; of Roman century games/hymns -
11 centurialis
centŭrĭālis, e, adj. [centuria], pertaining to a century.1.In agriculture: lapides, boundary stones for single centuries, Auct. Lim. p. 298 Goes.—2.In the division of the people: civis, appointed to or placed in any century, Fest. s. v. ni quis scivit, p. 177 Müll.—3.In milit. lang.:vitis,
Macr. S. 1, 23, 16. -
12 D
D, d (n. indecl., sometimes f. sc. littera), the flat dental mute, corresponding in character and sound to the English d and the Greek D, was the fourth letter of the Latin alphabet, and was called de: Ter. Maur. p. 2385 P., Auson. Idyll. 12, de Litt. Monos. 14. But at the end of a syllable, or after another consonant, its sound was sharpened, so that the grammarians often discuss the question whether d or t should be written, especially in conjunctions and prepositions. Illa quoque servata est a multis differentia, ut ad cum esset praepositio, d litteram, cum autem conjunctio, t acciperet (Quint. 1, 7, 5; cf. id. 1, 4, 16). Hence we may infer that some disputed this distinction, and that the sounds of ad and at must at least have been very similar (cf. also Terent. Scaur. p. 2250, Vel. Long. p. 2230 sq., Cassiod. p. 2287, 2291). Thus also aput, it, quit, quot, aliut, set, haut are found for apud, id, quid, quod, aliud, sed, haud. It would appear from the remarks of these authors that the last two words in particular, having a proclitic character, while they distinctly retained the d sound before an initial vowel in the following word, were pronounced before a consonant almost as set, haut (Mar. Vict. p. 2462 P., Vel. Long. l. l. v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 191 sq.). The use of t for d in the middle of a word, as Alexenter for Alexander, atnato for adnato, is very rare (cf. Wordsworth, Fragm. p. 486 sq.). On the other hand, the use of d for t, which sometimes appears in MSS. and inscrr., as ed, capud, essed, inquid (all of which occur in the Cod. palimps. of Cic. Rep.), adque, quodannis, sicud, etc., fecid, reliquid, etc. (all in inscriptions after the Augustan period), is to be ascribed to a later phonetic softening (cf. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 191 sq.).II.As an initial, the letter d, in pure Latin words, suffers only a vowel after it; the single consonantal compound dr being found only in borrowed words, such as drama, Drusus, Druidae, etc., and in the two onomatopees drenso and drindio. Accordingly, the d of the initial dv, from du, was rejected, and the remaining v either retained unaltered (as in v iginti for du iginti; cf. triginta) or changed into b (as in b ellum, b is, b onus, for du ellum, du is, du onus; v. those words and the letter B). So too in and after the 4th century A.D., di before vowels was pronounced like j (cf. J ovis for Dj ovis, and J anus for Di anus); and hence, as the Greek di ( di) passed into dz, i. e. z (as in z a for d ia, and z eta for di aeta), we sometimes find the same name written in two or three ways, as Diabolenus, Jabolenus, Zabolenus; Jadera, Diadora, Zara. In many Greek words, however, which originally began with a y sound, d was prefixed by an instinctive effort to avoid a disagreeable utterance, just as in English the initial j has regularly assumed the sound of dj: thus Gr. zugon, i. e. diugon = L. jugum; and in such cases the d sound has been prefixed in Greek, not lost in Latin and other languages (v. Curt. Griech. Etym. p. 608 sq.).b. As a medial, d before most consonants undergoes assimilation; v. ad, no. II.; assum, init., and cf. iccirco, quippiam, quicquam, for idcirco, quidpiam, quidquam; and in contractions like cette from cedite, pelluviae from pediluviae, sella from sedela. In contractions, however, the d is sometimes dropped and a compensation effected by lengthening the preceding vowel, as scāla for scand-la. D before endings which begin with s was suppressed, as pes from ped-s, lapis from lapid-s, frons from frond-s, rasi from radsi, risi from rid-si, lusi from lud-si, clausi from claud-si; but in the second and third roots of cedo, and in the third roots of some other verbs, d is assimilated, as cessi, cessum, fossum, etc. D is also omitted before s in composition when another consonant follows the s, as ascendo, aspicio, asto, astringo, and so also before the nasal gn in agnatus, agnitus, and agnosco, from gnatus, etc.: but in other combinations it is assimilated, as assentio, acclamo, accresco; affligo, affrico; agglomero, aggrego; applico, approbo, etc. In tentum, from tendo, d is dropped to avoid the combination ndt or ntt, since euphony forbids a consonant to be doubled after another.g. Final d stood only in ad, apud, sed, and in the neuter pronouns quid, quod, illud, istud, and aliud, anciently alid. Otherwise, the ending d was considered barbarous, Prisc. p. 686 P.III.The letter d represents regularly an original Indo-Germanic d, in Greek d, but which in German becomes z, in Gothic t, and in Anglo-Saxon t: cf. Gr. hêdomai, Sanscr. svad, Germ. süss, Angl.-Sax. svēte (sweet), with Lat. suadeo; domare with Gr. damaô, Germ. zähmen, Eng. tame; domus with demô, timber, O. H. Germ. zimber; duo with duô, zwei, two. But it is also interchanged with other sounds, and thus sometimes represents—1. 2.An original r: ar and ad; apur or apor and apud; meridies and medidies, audio and auris; cf. arbiter, from ad-beto; arcesso for ad-cesso.—3.An original l: adeps, Gr. aleipha; dacrima and lacrima, dingua and lingua; cf. on the contrary, olere for odere, consilium and considere, Ulixes from Odusseus (v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 223).—4.An original s: Claudius, from the Sabine Clausus, medius and misos; and, on the contrary, rosa and rhodon. —5. IV.In the oldest period of the language d was the ending of the ablat. sing. and of the adverbs which were originally ablatives (cf. Ritschl, Neue Plaut. Excur. I.; Brix ad Plaut. Trin. Prol. 10): pu CNANDO, MARID, DICTATORED, IN ALTOD MARID, NAVALED PRAEDAD on the Col. Rostr.; DE SENATVOS SENTENTIAD (thrice) IN OQVOLTOD, IN POPLICOD, IN PREIVATOD, IN COVENTIONID, and the adverbs SVPRAD SCRIPTVM EST (thrice), EXSTRAD QVAM SEI, and even EXSTRAD VRBEM, in S. C. de Bacch. So intra-d, ultra-d, citra-d, contra-d, infra-d, supra-d; contro-d, intro-d, etc.; and probably interea-d, postea-d. Here too belongs, no doubt, the adverb FACILVMED, found in the last-mentioned inscription. But this use of the d became antiquated during the 3d century B.C., and is not found at all in any inscription after 186 B. C. Plautus seems to have used or omitted it at will (Ritschl, Neue Plaut. Excurs. p. 18: Corss. Ausspr. 1, 197; 2, 1008).2.D final was also anciently found—a.In the accus. sing. of the personal pronouns med, ted, sed: INTER SED CONIOVRASE and INTER SED DEDISE, for inter se conjuravisse and inter se dedisse, in the S. C. de Bacch. This usage was retained, at least as a license of verse, when the next word began with a vowel, even in the time of Plautus. But in the classic period this d no longer appears. —b.In the imperative mood;c.as estod,
Fest. p. 230. The Oscan language retained this ending (v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 206).—In the preposition se-, originally identical with the conjunction sed (it is retained in the compound seditio); also in red-, prod-, antid-, postid-, etc. ( redire, prodire, etc.); and in these words, too, it is a remnant of the ancient characteristic of the ablative (v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 200 sq.; Roby, Lat. Gr. 1, 49).V.As an abbreviation, D usually stands for the praenomen Decimus; also for Deus, Divus, Dominus, Decurio, etc.; over epitaphs, D. M. = Diis Manibus; over temple inscriptions, D. O. M. = Deo Optimo Maxumo; in the titles of the later emperors, D. N. = Dominus Noster, and DD. NN. = Domini Nostri. Before dates of letters, D signified dabam, and also dies; hence, a. d. = ante diem; in offerings to the gods, D. D. = dono or donum dedit; D. D. D. = dat, dicat, dedicat, etc. Cf. Orell. Inscr. II. p. 457 sq.► The Romans denoted the number 500 by D; but the character was then regarded, not as a letter, but as half of the original Tuscan numeral (or CI[C ]) for 1000. -
13 d
D, d (n. indecl., sometimes f. sc. littera), the flat dental mute, corresponding in character and sound to the English d and the Greek D, was the fourth letter of the Latin alphabet, and was called de: Ter. Maur. p. 2385 P., Auson. Idyll. 12, de Litt. Monos. 14. But at the end of a syllable, or after another consonant, its sound was sharpened, so that the grammarians often discuss the question whether d or t should be written, especially in conjunctions and prepositions. Illa quoque servata est a multis differentia, ut ad cum esset praepositio, d litteram, cum autem conjunctio, t acciperet (Quint. 1, 7, 5; cf. id. 1, 4, 16). Hence we may infer that some disputed this distinction, and that the sounds of ad and at must at least have been very similar (cf. also Terent. Scaur. p. 2250, Vel. Long. p. 2230 sq., Cassiod. p. 2287, 2291). Thus also aput, it, quit, quot, aliut, set, haut are found for apud, id, quid, quod, aliud, sed, haud. It would appear from the remarks of these authors that the last two words in particular, having a proclitic character, while they distinctly retained the d sound before an initial vowel in the following word, were pronounced before a consonant almost as set, haut (Mar. Vict. p. 2462 P., Vel. Long. l. l. v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 191 sq.). The use of t for d in the middle of a word, as Alexenter for Alexander, atnato for adnato, is very rare (cf. Wordsworth, Fragm. p. 486 sq.). On the other hand, the use of d for t, which sometimes appears in MSS. and inscrr., as ed, capud, essed, inquid (all of which occur in the Cod. palimps. of Cic. Rep.), adque, quodannis, sicud, etc., fecid, reliquid, etc. (all in inscriptions after the Augustan period), is to be ascribed to a later phonetic softening (cf. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 191 sq.).II.As an initial, the letter d, in pure Latin words, suffers only a vowel after it; the single consonantal compound dr being found only in borrowed words, such as drama, Drusus, Druidae, etc., and in the two onomatopees drenso and drindio. Accordingly, the d of the initial dv, from du, was rejected, and the remaining v either retained unaltered (as in v iginti for du iginti; cf. triginta) or changed into b (as in b ellum, b is, b onus, for du ellum, du is, du onus; v. those words and the letter B). So too in and after the 4th century A.D., di before vowels was pronounced like j (cf. J ovis for Dj ovis, and J anus for Di anus); and hence, as the Greek di ( di) passed into dz, i. e. z (as in z a for d ia, and z eta for di aeta), we sometimes find the same name written in two or three ways, as Diabolenus, Jabolenus, Zabolenus; Jadera, Diadora, Zara. In many Greek words, however, which originally began with a y sound, d was prefixed by an instinctive effort to avoid a disagreeable utterance, just as in English the initial j has regularly assumed the sound of dj: thus Gr. zugon, i. e. diugon = L. jugum; and in such cases the d sound has been prefixed in Greek, not lost in Latin and other languages (v. Curt. Griech. Etym. p. 608 sq.).b. As a medial, d before most consonants undergoes assimilation; v. ad, no. II.; assum, init., and cf. iccirco, quippiam, quicquam, for idcirco, quidpiam, quidquam; and in contractions like cette from cedite, pelluviae from pediluviae, sella from sedela. In contractions, however, the d is sometimes dropped and a compensation effected by lengthening the preceding vowel, as scāla for scand-la. D before endings which begin with s was suppressed, as pes from ped-s, lapis from lapid-s, frons from frond-s, rasi from radsi, risi from rid-si, lusi from lud-si, clausi from claud-si; but in the second and third roots of cedo, and in the third roots of some other verbs, d is assimilated, as cessi, cessum, fossum, etc. D is also omitted before s in composition when another consonant follows the s, as ascendo, aspicio, asto, astringo, and so also before the nasal gn in agnatus, agnitus, and agnosco, from gnatus, etc.: but in other combinations it is assimilated, as assentio, acclamo, accresco; affligo, affrico; agglomero, aggrego; applico, approbo, etc. In tentum, from tendo, d is dropped to avoid the combination ndt or ntt, since euphony forbids a consonant to be doubled after another.g. Final d stood only in ad, apud, sed, and in the neuter pronouns quid, quod, illud, istud, and aliud, anciently alid. Otherwise, the ending d was considered barbarous, Prisc. p. 686 P.III.The letter d represents regularly an original Indo-Germanic d, in Greek d, but which in German becomes z, in Gothic t, and in Anglo-Saxon t: cf. Gr. hêdomai, Sanscr. svad, Germ. süss, Angl.-Sax. svēte (sweet), with Lat. suadeo; domare with Gr. damaô, Germ. zähmen, Eng. tame; domus with demô, timber, O. H. Germ. zimber; duo with duô, zwei, two. But it is also interchanged with other sounds, and thus sometimes represents—1. 2.An original r: ar and ad; apur or apor and apud; meridies and medidies, audio and auris; cf. arbiter, from ad-beto; arcesso for ad-cesso.—3.An original l: adeps, Gr. aleipha; dacrima and lacrima, dingua and lingua; cf. on the contrary, olere for odere, consilium and considere, Ulixes from Odusseus (v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 223).—4.An original s: Claudius, from the Sabine Clausus, medius and misos; and, on the contrary, rosa and rhodon. —5. IV.In the oldest period of the language d was the ending of the ablat. sing. and of the adverbs which were originally ablatives (cf. Ritschl, Neue Plaut. Excur. I.; Brix ad Plaut. Trin. Prol. 10): pu CNANDO, MARID, DICTATORED, IN ALTOD MARID, NAVALED PRAEDAD on the Col. Rostr.; DE SENATVOS SENTENTIAD (thrice) IN OQVOLTOD, IN POPLICOD, IN PREIVATOD, IN COVENTIONID, and the adverbs SVPRAD SCRIPTVM EST (thrice), EXSTRAD QVAM SEI, and even EXSTRAD VRBEM, in S. C. de Bacch. So intra-d, ultra-d, citra-d, contra-d, infra-d, supra-d; contro-d, intro-d, etc.; and probably interea-d, postea-d. Here too belongs, no doubt, the adverb FACILVMED, found in the last-mentioned inscription. But this use of the d became antiquated during the 3d century B.C., and is not found at all in any inscription after 186 B. C. Plautus seems to have used or omitted it at will (Ritschl, Neue Plaut. Excurs. p. 18: Corss. Ausspr. 1, 197; 2, 1008).2.D final was also anciently found—a.In the accus. sing. of the personal pronouns med, ted, sed: INTER SED CONIOVRASE and INTER SED DEDISE, for inter se conjuravisse and inter se dedisse, in the S. C. de Bacch. This usage was retained, at least as a license of verse, when the next word began with a vowel, even in the time of Plautus. But in the classic period this d no longer appears. —b.In the imperative mood;c.as estod,
Fest. p. 230. The Oscan language retained this ending (v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 206).—In the preposition se-, originally identical with the conjunction sed (it is retained in the compound seditio); also in red-, prod-, antid-, postid-, etc. ( redire, prodire, etc.); and in these words, too, it is a remnant of the ancient characteristic of the ablative (v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 200 sq.; Roby, Lat. Gr. 1, 49).V.As an abbreviation, D usually stands for the praenomen Decimus; also for Deus, Divus, Dominus, Decurio, etc.; over epitaphs, D. M. = Diis Manibus; over temple inscriptions, D. O. M. = Deo Optimo Maxumo; in the titles of the later emperors, D. N. = Dominus Noster, and DD. NN. = Domini Nostri. Before dates of letters, D signified dabam, and also dies; hence, a. d. = ante diem; in offerings to the gods, D. D. = dono or donum dedit; D. D. D. = dat, dicat, dedicat, etc. Cf. Orell. Inscr. II. p. 457 sq.► The Romans denoted the number 500 by D; but the character was then regarded, not as a letter, but as half of the original Tuscan numeral (or CI[C ]) for 1000. -
14 festum
1.festus, a, um, adj. [Sanscr. bhas, shine; lengthened from bha-; Gr. pha-, phainô, v. for; cf. feriae (fes-iae)], orig., of or belonging to the holidays (in opp. to the working-days), solemn, festive, festal, joyful, merry.I.Lit.A.Adj. (syn.: sollennis, fastus).1.With expressions of time:2.festo die si quid prodegeris, profesto egere liceat,
Plaut. Aul. 2, 8, 10:die festo celebri nobilique,
id. Poen. 3, 5, 13:qui (dies) quasi deorum immortalium festi atque sollennes, apud omnes sunt celebrati,
Cic. Pis. 22, 51:Syracusani festos dies anniversarios agunt,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 48, § 107; id. Q. Fr. 2, 1, 1:dies festus ludorum celeberrimus et sanctissimus,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 67, § 151; id. Fin. 5, 24, 70:lux,
Ov. Tr. 5, 5, 42; Hor. C. 4, 6, 42:tempus,
id. Ep. 2, 1, 140; Juv. 15, 38:observare festa sabbata,
id. 6, 159.—Hence,Transf., of everything relating to holidays:B.chori,
Ov. Tr. 5, 12, 8:clamores,
Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 24:corona,
Ov. M. 10, 598; cf.fronde,
Verg. A. 4, 459:dapes,
Hor. Epod. 9, 1:mensae,
Sil. 7, 198; Val. Fl. 3, 159:lusus,
Mart. 1, 1:pagus,
Hor. C. 3, 18, 11:urbs,
gay, merry, Sil. 11, 272; 12, 752:theatra,
Ov. M. 3, 111:Lares,
Mart. 3, 58, 23:licentiae,
of the holidays, Quint. 6, 3, 17:pax,
Ov. M. 2, 795; Plin. 14, 1, 1, § 23:plebs,
Tac. A. 2, 69:domus ornatu,
id. ib. 3, 9:ritus,
id. H. 5, 5:omina,
id. A. 5, 4:cespes,
Juv. 12, 2:janua,
id. 12, 91.—As a term of endearment:mi animule, mea vita, mea festivitas, meus dies festus, etc.,
my holiday, Plaut. Cas. 1, 49.—Subst.: festum, i, n., a holiday, festival; a festal banquet, feast ( poet. and late Lat. for dies festus):II.cur igitur Veneris festum Vinalia dicant, Quaeritis?
Ov. F. 4, 877; 1, 190; id. M. 4, 390:forte Jovi festum Phoebus sollenne parabat,
feast, id. F. 2, 247:cum dii omnes ad festum magnae matris convenissent,
Lact. 1, 21, 25.—In plur.:Idaeae festa parentis erunt,
Ov. F. 4, 182:festa venatione absumi,
Plin. 6, 22, 24, § 91; Ov. M. 4, 33; 10, 431; Hor. Epod. 2, 59; id. Ep. 2, 2, 197; Vulg. Exod. 23, 14 al.; Greg. Mag. Homil. in Evang. 2, 26, 10; Lact. 1, 22, 24.—Meton., public, solemn, festal, festive, joyous (post-Aug. and rare):2.dolor,
Stat. S. 2, 7, 134:festior annus,
Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 3:festissimi dies,
Vop. Tac. 11:aures,
i. e. gladdened, Claud. B. G. 206 (but in Stat. S. 2, 7, 90 the right read. is fata).Festus, i, m., a Roman surname.I.Sex. Pompeius Festus, a Roman grammarian of the fourth century A. D., author of a lexicographical work, De verborum significatione, in twenty books, of which only the last nine, in a very imperfect form, remain to us; with an abstract of the whole compiled by Paulus Diaconus in the eighth century. (Edited by Ottfr. Müller.)—II.Portius Festus, Governor of the Roman Province of Judea, Vulg. Acts, 25, 32 al. -
15 Festus
1.festus, a, um, adj. [Sanscr. bhas, shine; lengthened from bha-; Gr. pha-, phainô, v. for; cf. feriae (fes-iae)], orig., of or belonging to the holidays (in opp. to the working-days), solemn, festive, festal, joyful, merry.I.Lit.A.Adj. (syn.: sollennis, fastus).1.With expressions of time:2.festo die si quid prodegeris, profesto egere liceat,
Plaut. Aul. 2, 8, 10:die festo celebri nobilique,
id. Poen. 3, 5, 13:qui (dies) quasi deorum immortalium festi atque sollennes, apud omnes sunt celebrati,
Cic. Pis. 22, 51:Syracusani festos dies anniversarios agunt,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 48, § 107; id. Q. Fr. 2, 1, 1:dies festus ludorum celeberrimus et sanctissimus,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 67, § 151; id. Fin. 5, 24, 70:lux,
Ov. Tr. 5, 5, 42; Hor. C. 4, 6, 42:tempus,
id. Ep. 2, 1, 140; Juv. 15, 38:observare festa sabbata,
id. 6, 159.—Hence,Transf., of everything relating to holidays:B.chori,
Ov. Tr. 5, 12, 8:clamores,
Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 24:corona,
Ov. M. 10, 598; cf.fronde,
Verg. A. 4, 459:dapes,
Hor. Epod. 9, 1:mensae,
Sil. 7, 198; Val. Fl. 3, 159:lusus,
Mart. 1, 1:pagus,
Hor. C. 3, 18, 11:urbs,
gay, merry, Sil. 11, 272; 12, 752:theatra,
Ov. M. 3, 111:Lares,
Mart. 3, 58, 23:licentiae,
of the holidays, Quint. 6, 3, 17:pax,
Ov. M. 2, 795; Plin. 14, 1, 1, § 23:plebs,
Tac. A. 2, 69:domus ornatu,
id. ib. 3, 9:ritus,
id. H. 5, 5:omina,
id. A. 5, 4:cespes,
Juv. 12, 2:janua,
id. 12, 91.—As a term of endearment:mi animule, mea vita, mea festivitas, meus dies festus, etc.,
my holiday, Plaut. Cas. 1, 49.—Subst.: festum, i, n., a holiday, festival; a festal banquet, feast ( poet. and late Lat. for dies festus):II.cur igitur Veneris festum Vinalia dicant, Quaeritis?
Ov. F. 4, 877; 1, 190; id. M. 4, 390:forte Jovi festum Phoebus sollenne parabat,
feast, id. F. 2, 247:cum dii omnes ad festum magnae matris convenissent,
Lact. 1, 21, 25.—In plur.:Idaeae festa parentis erunt,
Ov. F. 4, 182:festa venatione absumi,
Plin. 6, 22, 24, § 91; Ov. M. 4, 33; 10, 431; Hor. Epod. 2, 59; id. Ep. 2, 2, 197; Vulg. Exod. 23, 14 al.; Greg. Mag. Homil. in Evang. 2, 26, 10; Lact. 1, 22, 24.—Meton., public, solemn, festal, festive, joyous (post-Aug. and rare):2.dolor,
Stat. S. 2, 7, 134:festior annus,
Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 3:festissimi dies,
Vop. Tac. 11:aures,
i. e. gladdened, Claud. B. G. 206 (but in Stat. S. 2, 7, 90 the right read. is fata).Festus, i, m., a Roman surname.I.Sex. Pompeius Festus, a Roman grammarian of the fourth century A. D., author of a lexicographical work, De verborum significatione, in twenty books, of which only the last nine, in a very imperfect form, remain to us; with an abstract of the whole compiled by Paulus Diaconus in the eighth century. (Edited by Ottfr. Müller.)—II.Portius Festus, Governor of the Roman Province of Judea, Vulg. Acts, 25, 32 al. -
16 festus
1.festus, a, um, adj. [Sanscr. bhas, shine; lengthened from bha-; Gr. pha-, phainô, v. for; cf. feriae (fes-iae)], orig., of or belonging to the holidays (in opp. to the working-days), solemn, festive, festal, joyful, merry.I.Lit.A.Adj. (syn.: sollennis, fastus).1.With expressions of time:2.festo die si quid prodegeris, profesto egere liceat,
Plaut. Aul. 2, 8, 10:die festo celebri nobilique,
id. Poen. 3, 5, 13:qui (dies) quasi deorum immortalium festi atque sollennes, apud omnes sunt celebrati,
Cic. Pis. 22, 51:Syracusani festos dies anniversarios agunt,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 48, § 107; id. Q. Fr. 2, 1, 1:dies festus ludorum celeberrimus et sanctissimus,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 67, § 151; id. Fin. 5, 24, 70:lux,
Ov. Tr. 5, 5, 42; Hor. C. 4, 6, 42:tempus,
id. Ep. 2, 1, 140; Juv. 15, 38:observare festa sabbata,
id. 6, 159.—Hence,Transf., of everything relating to holidays:B.chori,
Ov. Tr. 5, 12, 8:clamores,
Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 24:corona,
Ov. M. 10, 598; cf.fronde,
Verg. A. 4, 459:dapes,
Hor. Epod. 9, 1:mensae,
Sil. 7, 198; Val. Fl. 3, 159:lusus,
Mart. 1, 1:pagus,
Hor. C. 3, 18, 11:urbs,
gay, merry, Sil. 11, 272; 12, 752:theatra,
Ov. M. 3, 111:Lares,
Mart. 3, 58, 23:licentiae,
of the holidays, Quint. 6, 3, 17:pax,
Ov. M. 2, 795; Plin. 14, 1, 1, § 23:plebs,
Tac. A. 2, 69:domus ornatu,
id. ib. 3, 9:ritus,
id. H. 5, 5:omina,
id. A. 5, 4:cespes,
Juv. 12, 2:janua,
id. 12, 91.—As a term of endearment:mi animule, mea vita, mea festivitas, meus dies festus, etc.,
my holiday, Plaut. Cas. 1, 49.—Subst.: festum, i, n., a holiday, festival; a festal banquet, feast ( poet. and late Lat. for dies festus):II.cur igitur Veneris festum Vinalia dicant, Quaeritis?
Ov. F. 4, 877; 1, 190; id. M. 4, 390:forte Jovi festum Phoebus sollenne parabat,
feast, id. F. 2, 247:cum dii omnes ad festum magnae matris convenissent,
Lact. 1, 21, 25.—In plur.:Idaeae festa parentis erunt,
Ov. F. 4, 182:festa venatione absumi,
Plin. 6, 22, 24, § 91; Ov. M. 4, 33; 10, 431; Hor. Epod. 2, 59; id. Ep. 2, 2, 197; Vulg. Exod. 23, 14 al.; Greg. Mag. Homil. in Evang. 2, 26, 10; Lact. 1, 22, 24.—Meton., public, solemn, festal, festive, joyous (post-Aug. and rare):2.dolor,
Stat. S. 2, 7, 134:festior annus,
Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 3:festissimi dies,
Vop. Tac. 11:aures,
i. e. gladdened, Claud. B. G. 206 (but in Stat. S. 2, 7, 90 the right read. is fata).Festus, i, m., a Roman surname.I.Sex. Pompeius Festus, a Roman grammarian of the fourth century A. D., author of a lexicographical work, De verborum significatione, in twenty books, of which only the last nine, in a very imperfect form, remain to us; with an abstract of the whole compiled by Paulus Diaconus in the eighth century. (Edited by Ottfr. Müller.)—II.Portius Festus, Governor of the Roman Province of Judea, Vulg. Acts, 25, 32 al. -
17 aetās
aetās ātis （ gen plur. -tum; sometimes -tium, L.), f [for older aevitas], the life of man, age, lifetime, years: amicitia cum aetate adcrevit, T.: acta aetas honeste: expectemus Tartessiorum regis aetatem, i. e. a life as long: satis aetatis habere, to be old enough: aetatis quod reliquum est meae, the rest of my life: vix ullum discrimen aetatis, L.: tertia, i. e. century, O.—Age, time of life: dum aetas prohibebit (sc. te scire), T.: ab ineunte aetate, from his entrance into life: prima, childhood: puerilis, Cs.: aetatis flos, youthful vigor: cuius aetas a senatorio gradu longe abesset, i. e. youth: propter aetatem eius, Cs.: qui aliquid aetatis habebant, i. e. the youth: quarta, i. e. the fourth year, V.: respice aetatem tuam (i. e. senectutem), T.: iam adfectus aetate: morbo atque aetate confectus, S.: exactā aetate, in old age, L.: aetatis excusatio, plea of age, Cs.: id aetatis duo filii, of that age: cum id aetatis filio: cum illud esset aetatis: ad hoc aetatis a pueritiā, S. — Of plants: adolescit frondibus aetas, V.—Of sheep: par aetas, haedi, O.—Meton., a space of time, age, period, generation, time: heroicae aetates: aetas succedit aetati: nec ulla umquam aetas: aetatis suae primi, N.: Veniet lustris labentibus aetas, cum, etc., V.: prior, O.: crastina, the future, H.—Of the four ages of the world (the golden age, silver age, etc.), O.—Time, the flight of time, advancing age: te aetas mitigabit: fugerit invida aetas, H.: omnia fert aetas, V.— Men of an age: cum vestrā etiam aetate, with young men: vos, acrior aetas, O iuvenes, O.: militaris fere aetas omnis, L. — The age, men of the age: nos dura Aetas, H.: Inventum omnis quem credidit aetas, etc., V.—In acc. of time: me aetatem censes velle, etc., forever? T.: an abiit iam a milite? Iam dudum, aetatem, an age, T.* * *lifetime, age, generation; period; stage, period of life, time, era -
18 centuriō
centuriō āvī, ātus, āre [centuria], to divide into centuries, assign to companies, organize (of infantry): homines centuriari: iuventutem, L.: centuriati pedites, L.* * *Icenturiare, centuriavi, centuriatus V TRANSarrange/assign (soldiers) in military centuries; divide land into centuriaeIIcenturion, captain/commander of a century/company -
19 hypodidascalus
hypodidascalus ī, m, ὑποδιδάσκαλοσ, an under-teacher. I i. This letter represents, in Latin, I. The vowel whose short and long sounds are heard in the English word deceit.— II. Before a, e, o, or u in the same syllable, the consonant which begins the English words yam, yes, yon, you. The character J, j, which represents the latter sound in some school-books, is an invention of the seventeenth century, and is not found in MSS., nor in the best texts of the Latin authors.* * *under-teacher, under-master -
20 ōrdō
ōrdō inis, m [1 OL-], a row, line, series, order, rank: arborum derecti in quincuncem ordines: ordines caespitum, courses, Cs.: tot premit ordinibus caput, layers (of ornaments), Iu.: terno con<*> surgunt ordine remi, in three rows of oar-banks, V.: sedisti in quattuordecim ordinibus, i. e. seats of Equites: comitum longissimus ordo, Iu.—A line, rank, array: aciem ordinesque constituere: nullo ordine iter facere, Cs.: nullo ordine commutato, S.: signa atque ordines observare, keep the ranks, S.: multiplicatis in arto ordinibus, L.: nosse ordines, understand tactics, Ta.—Band, troop, company, century: viri qui ordines duxerunt, who have commanded companies: ordinem in exercitu ducere, Cs.—A captaincy, command: mihi decumum ordinem hastatum adsignavit (i. e. centurionem me decimi ordinis hastatorum fecit), L.: tribunis militum primisque ordinibus convocatis, the captains of the first companies, Cs.—An order, rank, class, degree: equester, Cs.: senatorius: in amplissimum ordinem cooptare, into the senate: magna frequentia eius ordinis, S.—A class, rank, station, condition: superioris ordinis nonnulli, Cs.: publicanorum: homo ornatissimus loco, ordine, nomine.—Fig., right order, regular succession: fatum appello ordinem seriemque causarum: mox referam me ad ordinem, return to order: eundem tenere, preserve: immutare, change: perturbare, disturb: decemviri querentes, se in ordinem cogi, i. e. were degraded to the ranks, L.: nec quo prius ordine currunt, in order, as before, O.: ordinem Rectum evagans licentia, H.—In adverb. uses, turn, order, succession, regularity: Hegioni rem enarrato omnem ordine, in detail, T.: tabulae in ordinem confectae: ordine cuncta exposuit, L.: ut quisque... ita sententiam dixit ex ordine: Septem totos ex ordine menses, in succession, V.: an recte, ordine, e re p. factum, properly: extra ordinem ad patriam defendendam vocatus, irregularly: spem, quam extra ordinem de te ipso habemus, in an extraordinary degree.* * *row, order/rank; succession; series; class; bank (oars); order (of monks) (Bee)
См. также в других словарях:
Century — ist das englische Wort für „Jahrhundert“ (von lat. „centum“, für „Hundert“) und der Name mehrerer Orte in den Vereinigten Staaten: Century (Florida) Century (Georgia) Century (Pennsylvania) Century (West Virginia) Century City (Los Angeles)… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Century — Cen tu*ry, n.; pl. {Centuries}. [L. centuria (in senses 1 & 3), fr. centum a hundred: cf. F. centurie. See {Cent}.] 1. A hundred; as, a century of sonnets; an aggregate of a hundred things. [Archaic.] [1913 Webster] And on it said a century of… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Century 21 — can mean: AP Films a British TV production company from the 1960s, headed by Gerry Anderson, which later became known as Century 21 Productions Century 21 Exposition the World s Fair held in Seattle, Washington in 1962 Century 21 Real Estate A… … Wikipedia
century — 1. The start of a new millennium makes everyone aware of the difficulty of reckoning when a century (let alone a millennium) truly begins and ends. In arithmetical terms, the 21st century should be reckoned as having begun on 1 January 2001,… … Modern English usage
Century 21 — ist die Bezeichnung für: eine Exposition; siehe Century 21 (Exposition) ein Unternehmen; siehe Century 21 Real Estate eine Partei in Andorra; siehe Century 21 (Partei) ein Kaufhaus in den USA; siehe Century 21 (Kaufhaus) Diese Seite ist eine … Deutsch Wikipedia
century — [sen′chə rē, sen′shərē] n. pl. centuries [L centuria < centum, HUNDRED] 1. any period of 100 years, as from 1620 to 1720 2. a period of 100 years reckoned from a certain time, esp. from the beginning of the Christian Era (A.D. 1) [A.D. 1… … English World dictionary
Century — Saltar a navegación, búsqueda Century fue una banda francesa de la década de los 80 de rock formada en Marsella en 1979. Liderada por el cantante y compositor Jean Duperron, Century es probablemente más conocida por el single Lover Why del álbum… … Wikipedia Español
Century 21 — Real Estate LLC Création 1971 Siège social … Wikipédia en Français
Century — Century, FL U.S. town in Florida Population (2000): 1714 Housing Units (2000): 800 Land area (2000): 3.280645 sq. miles (8.496830 sq. km) Water area (2000): 0.060760 sq. miles (0.157367 sq. km) Total area (2000): 3.341405 sq. miles (8.654197 sq.… … StarDict's U.S. Gazetteer Places
Century, FL — U.S. town in Florida Population (2000): 1714 Housing Units (2000): 800 Land area (2000): 3.280645 sq. miles (8.496830 sq. km) Water area (2000): 0.060760 sq. miles (0.157367 sq. km) Total area (2000): 3.341405 sq. miles (8.654197 sq. km) FIPS… … StarDict's U.S. Gazetteer Places
century — ► NOUN (pl. centuries) 1) a period of one hundred years. 2) a batsman s score of a hundred runs in cricket. 3) a company of a hundred men in the ancient Roman army. USAGE Strictly speaking, centuries run from 01 to 100, meaning that the new… … English terms dictionary
