castus

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castus, a, um, adj. [i. e. cas-tus, partic., kindr. to Sanscr. çludh, to cleanse; Gr. kath-aros; Germ. keusch, heiter; cf. the opp. in-ces-tus, impure, Bopp, Gloss. 351, 6; Pott. 1, 252].

In gen., morally pure, unpolluted, spotless, guiltless, = purus, integer (gen. in respect to the person himself, while candidus signifies pure, just, in respect to other men; v. Doed. Syn. p. 196 sq.;

class. in prose and poetry): castus animus purusque,

Cic. Div. 1, 53, 121; cf.:

vita purissima et castissima,

id. Rosc. Com. 6, 17; and:

quis hoc adulescente castior? quis modestior? quis autem illo qui maledicit impurior?

id. Phil. 3, 6, 15:

perjurum castus (fraudasse dicatur),

id. Rosc. Com. 7, 21:

castissimum quoque hominem ad peccandum potuisse impellere,

id. Inv. 2, 11, 36:

nulli fas casto sceleratum insistere limen,

Verg. A. 6, 563:

populus Et frugi castusque verecundusque,

Hor. A. P. 207:

qui (animi) se integros castosque servavissent,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 30, 72; cf. id. Font. 10, 22; id. Cael. 18, 42:

M. Crassi castissima domus,

id. ib. 4, 9:

signa,

signs, indications of innocence, Ov. M. 7, 725:

fides,

inviolable, Sil. 13, 285:

Saguntum,

id. 3, 1.—With ab:

decet nos esse a culpā castos,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 23; so,

res familiaris casta a cruore civili,

Cic. Phil. 13, 4, 8.—

In respect to particular virtues.

Most freq., esp. in poetry, in regard to sexual morality, pure, chaste, unpolluted, virtuous, continent:

Latona,

Enn. Trag. 424 Vahl.; cf.

Minerva,

Hor. C. 3, 3, 23; Cat. 16, 5; 62, 23; Tib. 1, 3, 83; Ov. M. 2, 544; 2, 711:

hostia = Iphigenia,

Lucr. 1, 98:

Bellerophon,

Hor. C. 3, 7, 15:

matres,

Verg. A. 8, 665:

maritae,

Ov. F. 2, 139.— With ab:

castus ab rebus venereis,

Col. 9, 14, 3.—Of inanimate things:

lectulus,

Cat. 64, 87:

cubile,

id. 66, 83:

flos virginis,

id. 62, 46:

gremium,

id. 65, 20:

vultus,

Ov. M. 4, 799:

domus,

Cat. 64, 385; Hor. C. 4, 5, 21 al.—

Trop., of style, free from barbarisms, pure:

Caius Caesar sermonis praeter alios suae aetatis castissimi,

Gell. 19, 8, 3.—

In a religious respect, pious, religious, holy, sacred, = pius:

hac casti maneant in religione nepotes,

Verg. A. 3, 409 Wagn.—

So, Aeneas (for which elsewhere pius in Verg.),

Hor. C. S. 42:

sacerdotes,

Verg. A. 6, 661:

et sanctus princeps,

Plin. Pan. 1, 3:

ego qui castam contionem, sanctum campum defendo (in respect to the preceding: in Campo Martio, comitiis centuriatis auspicato in loco),

Cic. Rab. Perd. 4, 11.—Of things: sacrae, religiosae castaeque res, Varr. ap. Non. p. 267, 8:

haud satis castum donum deo,

Cic. Leg. 2, 18, 45; cf.

festa,

Ov. Am. 3, 13, 3:

taedae,

Verg. A. 7, 71 Serv.:

ara castis Vincta verbenis,

Hor. C. 4, 11, 6:

crines,

Ov. M. 15, 675:

laurus,

Tib. 3, 4, 23:

castior amnis (sc. Musarum),

Stat. S. 4, 7, 12; cf.:

castum flumen (on account of the nymphs),

Claud. III. Cons. Stil. 260:

luci,

Hor. C. 1, 12, 59:

nemus,

Tac. G. 40:

pura castaque mens,

Plin. Pan. 3 fin.: casta mola genus sacrificii, quod Vestales virgines faciebant, Paul. ex Fest. p. 65 Müll.—As epith. ornans of poetry, since it is used in defence of the Deity: casta poesis, Varr. ap. Non. p. 267, 14 (it is erroneously explained by Non. by suavis, jucundus).—

Hence, subst.: castum, i, n., a festival, or period of time consecrated to a god, during which strict continence was enjoined, Fest. p. 124, 25 Müll.:

Isidis et Cybeles,

Tert. Jejun. 16.—

In respect to the property and rights of others, free from, abstinent, disinterested: manus, Varr. ap. Non. p. 267, 12:

homo castus ac non cupidus,

Cic. Sest. 43, 93:

castissimus homo atque integerrimus,

id. Fl. 28, 68.— Adv.: castē.

(Acc. to I.) Purely, spotlessly, without stain, uprightly:

agere aetatem suam,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 149:

et integre vivere,

Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 63; id. Imp. Pomp. 1, 2.—

(Acc. to II. A.) Chastely, virtuously: caste se habere a servis, C. Gracch. ap. Gell. 15, 12, 3:

tueri eloquentiam ut adultam virginem,

Cic. Brut. 95, 330.—Of language, properly, correctly, classically:

caste pureque linguā Latinā uti,

Gell. 17, 2, 7.—

(Acc. to II. B.) Piously, religiously:

placare deos,

Ov. P. 2, 1, 33; cf. Cic. N. D. 1, 2, 3; Suet. Aug. 6.— Comp., Liv. 10, 7, 5.— Sup., Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 1.

castus, ūs (abl. heterocl. casto, Tert. Jejun. 16; Fest. s. v. minuitur, p. 154, 6 Müll.), m. [1. castus], ante- and post-class. for castimonia, an abstinence from sensual enjoyments on religious grounds, Naev. ap. Non. p. 197, 16; Varr. ib.; Gell. 10, 15, 1; Arn. 5, p. 167.

ENG Loetoe monarch

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castĭfĭcus, a, um [castus-facio].

Purifying:

lavacrum = baptisma,

Paul. Nol. Carm. 25, 188.—

Pure:

mens,

Sen. Hippol. 169.

castīmōnĭa, ae, f. ( castĭmōnĭ-nium, i, n., App. M. 11. p. 266, 9; cf. castimonium hagneia, Gloss. Philox.) [castus, like acrimonia, aegrimonia, etc.].

Ingen., purity of morals, morality, Cic. Cael. 5, 11. —

Esp., purity, such as is requisite for religious services (abstaining from sexual intercourse, from delicate food, etc.), purity, chastity, abstinence (rare but class.):

quae sacra per summam castimoniam virorum ac mulierum fiant, eadem per istius stuprum ac flagitium esse violata,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 45, § 102 Zumpt: caste jubet lex adire ad deos; animo videlicet, in quo sunt omnia;

nec tollit castimoniam corporis,

id. Leg. 2, 10, 24:

decem dierum,

Liv. 39, 9, 4:

superstitio castimoniarum,

Plin. 31, 8, 44. §

96: inanima,

abstinence from animal food, App. M. 11, p. 272, 29.

castīmōnĭa, ae, f. ( castĭmōnĭ-nium, i, n., App. M. 11. p. 266, 9; cf. castimonium hagneia, Gloss. Philox.) [castus, like acrimonia, aegrimonia, etc.].

Ingen., purity of morals, morality, Cic. Cael. 5, 11. —

Esp., purity, such as is requisite for religious services (abstaining from sexual intercourse, from delicate food, etc.), purity, chastity, abstinence (rare but class.):

quae sacra per summam castimoniam virorum ac mulierum fiant, eadem per istius stuprum ac flagitium esse violata,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 45, § 102 Zumpt: caste jubet lex adire ad deos; animo videlicet, in quo sunt omnia;

nec tollit castimoniam corporis,

id. Leg. 2, 10, 24:

decem dierum,

Liv. 39, 9, 4:

superstitio castimoniarum,

Plin. 31, 8, 44. §

96: inanima,

abstinence from animal food, App. M. 11, p. 272, 29.

castĭtas, ātis, f. [castus], purity.

In gen., purity of morals, morality (postclass.):

vitae,

Gell. 15, 18, 2.—

Esp.

Purity of body, chastity (rare but class.; syn. pudicitia): ut sentiant mulieres naturam feminarum omnem castitatem pati, * Cic. Leg. 2, 12, 29 Mos.; so * Hor. C. 3, 24, 23; Plin. 24, 9, 38, § 59; Plin. Pan. 20, 2; Tac. Agr. 4; id. A. 1, 33; Val. Max. 9, 1, 2. —Hence, person.: Castĭtas, the goddess of Chastity, = Minerva, Pall. 1, 6, 14.—

Purity with regard to gain, disinterestedness (opp. avaritia), Vitr. 1, 1:

praeturae,

Macr. S. 7, 3, § 15.

castĭtas, ātis, f. [castus], purity.

In gen., purity of morals, morality (postclass.):

vitae,

Gell. 15, 18, 2.—

Esp.

Purity of body, chastity (rare but class.; syn. pudicitia): ut sentiant mulieres naturam feminarum omnem castitatem pati, * Cic. Leg. 2, 12, 29 Mos.; so * Hor. C. 3, 24, 23; Plin. 24, 9, 38, § 59; Plin. Pan. 20, 2; Tac. Agr. 4; id. A. 1, 33; Val. Max. 9, 1, 2. —Hence, person.: Castĭtas, the goddess of Chastity, = Minerva, Pall. 1, 6, 14.—

Purity with regard to gain, disinterestedness (opp. avaritia), Vitr. 1, 1:

praeturae,

Macr. S. 7, 3, § 15.

cŭpĭdus, a, um, adj. [cupio], longing, desiring, desirous, eager, in a good and bad sense, wishing, loving, fond, etc. (very freq. and class.); constr. with gen., abl., inf., in, or absol.

In a good sense.

Of persons.

With gen.:

ejus videndi cupidus,

Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 12; so,

huc redeundi, abeundi a milite, Vosque hic videndi,

id. ib. 1, 2, 16:

redeundi domum,

id. ib. 3, 1, 3:

bellandi,

Caes. B. G. 1, 2:

te audiendi,

Cic. de Or. 2, 4, 16:

valde spectandi,

id. ib. 1, 35, 162: satis faciendi rei publicae, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 18, 1 et saep.:

vitae,

Lucr. 6, 1238; Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 1:

mortis,

Hor. S. 2, [p. 499] 2, 98:

liberorum,

Quint. 4, 2, 42:

sententiarum,

id. 5, 13, 31:

pacis,

Hor. S. 2, 1, 44 et saep.— Comp.:

contentionis quam veritatis,

Cic. de Or. 1, 11, 47.— Sup.:

litterarum,

Nep. Cato, 3, 1:

nostri,

Cic. de Or. 1, 22, 104. —

With inf.:

attingere,

Prop. 1, 19, 9:

moriri,

Ov. M. 14, 215.—

With in and abl.:

cupidus in perspiciendā cognoscendāque rerum naturā,

Cic. Off. 1, 43, 154.—

Absol.:

si quicquam cupido optantique obtigit,

Cat. 107, 1:

cupidum vires Deficiunt,

Hor. S. 2, 1, 12.—

Of things:

equorum Vis cupida,

Lucr. 2, 265.—

In a bad sense, passionately desiring or longing for, eager, greedy, lustful, passionate.

In gen.

Of persons.

With gen.:

auri,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 51; cf.

pecuniae,

Cic. Verr. 1, 3, 8:

damni,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 34:

vini,

id. ib. 1, 2, 50 (not vino, v. Ritschl ad h. l.):

rerum novarum, imperii,

Caes. B. G. 5, 6; cf.:

rerum novarum,

id. ib. 1, 18:

cujuscumque motūs novi,

Tac. H. 1, 80; and:

nullius rei nisi imperii,

Nep. Reg. 2, 2:

laedendi,

Quint. 5, 7, 16:

maledicendi,

id. 6, 2, 16 et saep.—

Absol.:

cupidos moderatis anteferre,

Cic. Font. 14, 32 (10, 22):

non esse mirandum, qui in illā re turpis aut cupidus aut petulans fuerit, hāc quoque in re eum deliquisse,

id. Inv. 2, 10, 33:

emit homo cupidus (for which, just before, cupiditate incensus),

eager to purchase, id. Off. 3, 14, 59:

stultus cupidusque,

Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 24:

cupidusque et amata relinquere pernix,

id. A. P. 165 al. —

Of things:

cor,

Lucr. 4, 1138; Prop. 1, 8, 29; Hor. C. 3, 14, 26 al.—

In partic.

Longing from love, pining, languishing for, loving.

Of persons:

neu me cupidum eo (sc. ad uxorem ducendam) impulisset,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 3, 6:

maritus,

Cat. 64, 375; Tib. 1, 8, 74; Ov. M. 4, 679:

cupidi nomen amantis habe,

id. H. 3, 26.—

Of things:

simul ac cupidae mentis satiata libido est,

Cat. 64, 147; Ov. M. 11, 63; id. Am. 3, 7, 9 al.—

Desirous of money, avaricious, covetous, Quint. 11, 1, 88:

multitudo cupidorum hominum,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 22, 64:

homo castus ac non cupidus,

id. Sest. 43, 93; Vitr. 1, 1, 7; so in sup., Suet. Vesp. 16.—

Devoted to a party, favoring any one, partial:

quaestores vehementer (Verris),

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 4, § 12:

cupidi et irati et conjurati testes,

id. Font. 10, 21 (6, 11):

judices (with infesti, invidentes),

Tac. Or. 31; cf. comp.:

judex,

Cic. Caecin. 3, 8;

and auctor,

id. Clu. 24, 66.—Hence, cŭ-pĭdē, adv., eagerly, in a good and bad sense, zealously, passionately, vehemently, ardently, warmly, partially, etc. (freq. and class.), Plaut. Stich. 2, 1, 11; Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 1; Cic. Att. 6, 3, 3; id. Rosc. Am. 18, 50; id. Phil. 2, 21, 52; Nep. Arist. 1, 4; Quint. 1, 3, 13; Cat. 63, 2; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 100 et saep.— Comp., Caes. B. G. 1, 15; 5, 15; Liv. 3, 32, 3 al.— Sup., Caes. B. G. 1, 40; id. B. C. 2, 20; Sall. C. 40, 4 al.

incestus, a, um, adj. [2. in-castus], unclean (in a moral and religious sense), impure, polluted, defiled, sinful, criminal (as an adj. mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose).

In gen.:

cum verborum contumeliis optimum virum incesto ore lacerasset,

Cic. Phil. 11, 2, 5:

saepe Diespiter Neglectus incesto addidit integrum,

punished the good with the bad, Hor. C. 3, 2, 30:

catervae Incestarum avium,

that feed on corpses, Stat. Th. 9, 27:

profana illic omnia, quae apud nos sacra: rursum concessa apud illos, quae apud nos incesta,

Tac. H. 5, 4:

an triste bidental Moverit incestus,

impious, Hor. A. P. 472. —

In partic., unchaste, lewd, incestuous.

Adj.:

Ilion Fatalis incestusque judex... vertit In pulverem,

i. e. Paris, Hor. C. 3, 3, 19;

called also: praedo,

Stat. Ach. 1, 45:

princeps,

Plin. Pan. 52, 3:

amores,

Hor. C. 3, 6, 23; Tac. A. 12, 4:

nuptiae,

id. ib. 11, 25 fin.; cf.

conjugia,

Suet. Claud. 26:

noctes,

Plin. Pan. 63, 7:

voces,

Ov. Tr. 2, 503:

pellicere aliquem incesto sermone,

Liv. 8, 28, 3:

incestus manus intra terminos sacratos inferre,

id. 45, 5, 7:

corruptor et idem incestus,

Juv. 4, 9. — Hence,

incestum, i, n., unchastity, lewdness; esp. as a violation of religious laws, incest (class.):

incestum pontifices supremo supplicio sanciunto,

Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22:

concubuit cum viro... fecit igitur incestum,

id. Inv. 1, 40, 73. committere, Quint. 4, 2, 88; Dig. 23, 2, 39:

ex incesto, quod Augustus cum Julia filia admisisset,

Suet. Calig. 23; cf.:

incesti cum sorore reus,

id. Ner. 5:

cum filia commissum,

Quint. 5, 10, 19:

incesto liberatus,

Cic. Pis. 39, 95:

incesti damnata,

Quint. 7, 8, 3:

ab incesto id ei loco nomen factum,

Liv. 8, 15, 8:

incesti poena... in viro in insulam deportatio est,

Paul. Sent. 2, 26, 15. — In plur.:

stupra... et adulteria, incesta denique,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 35, 75:

super sororum incesta,

Suet. Calig. 36:

Vestalium virginum,

id. Dom. 8.—

incesta, ae, f., an incestuous woman, paramour:

hunc (adamanta) dedit olim barbarus incestae,

Juv. 6, 158.— Adv.: incestē ( incastē, Sen. Contr. 2, 13).

In gen., impurely, sinfully, Lucr. 1, 98:

facere sacrificium Dianae,

Liv. 1, 45, 6.—

In partic., unchastely:

ideo aquam adduxi, ut ea tu inceste uterere?

Cic. Cael. 14, 34:

libidinatum,

Suet. Ner. 28:

agit incestius res suas,

Arn. 5, 170.

incestus, ūs, m. [1. incestus, II.], unchastity, incest (mostly Ciceron.):

quaestio de incestu,

Cic. Mil. 22, 59; id. Brut. 32, 122; 124; id. N. D. 3, 30, 74 Klotz; Liv. 4, 44 Weissenb.; Val. Max. 6, 3, 7.

incestus, a, um, adj. [2. in-castus], unclean (in a moral and religious sense), impure, polluted, defiled, sinful, criminal (as an adj. mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose).

In gen.:

cum verborum contumeliis optimum virum incesto ore lacerasset,

Cic. Phil. 11, 2, 5:

saepe Diespiter Neglectus incesto addidit integrum,

punished the good with the bad, Hor. C. 3, 2, 30:

catervae Incestarum avium,

that feed on corpses, Stat. Th. 9, 27:

profana illic omnia, quae apud nos sacra: rursum concessa apud illos, quae apud nos incesta,

Tac. H. 5, 4:

an triste bidental Moverit incestus,

impious, Hor. A. P. 472. —

In partic., unchaste, lewd, incestuous.

Adj.:

Ilion Fatalis incestusque judex... vertit In pulverem,

i. e. Paris, Hor. C. 3, 3, 19;

called also: praedo,

Stat. Ach. 1, 45:

princeps,

Plin. Pan. 52, 3:

amores,

Hor. C. 3, 6, 23; Tac. A. 12, 4:

nuptiae,

id. ib. 11, 25 fin.; cf.

conjugia,

Suet. Claud. 26:

noctes,

Plin. Pan. 63, 7:

voces,

Ov. Tr. 2, 503:

pellicere aliquem incesto sermone,

Liv. 8, 28, 3:

incestus manus intra terminos sacratos inferre,

id. 45, 5, 7:

corruptor et idem incestus,

Juv. 4, 9. — Hence,

incestum, i, n., unchastity, lewdness; esp. as a violation of religious laws, incest (class.):

incestum pontifices supremo supplicio sanciunto,

Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22:

concubuit cum viro... fecit igitur incestum,

id. Inv. 1, 40, 73. committere, Quint. 4, 2, 88; Dig. 23, 2, 39:

ex incesto, quod Augustus cum Julia filia admisisset,

Suet. Calig. 23; cf.:

incesti cum sorore reus,

id. Ner. 5:

cum filia commissum,

Quint. 5, 10, 19:

incesto liberatus,

Cic. Pis. 39, 95:

incesti damnata,

Quint. 7, 8, 3:

ab incesto id ei loco nomen factum,

Liv. 8, 15, 8:

incesti poena... in viro in insulam deportatio est,

Paul. Sent. 2, 26, 15. — In plur.:

stupra... et adulteria, incesta denique,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 35, 75:

super sororum incesta,

Suet. Calig. 36:

Vestalium virginum,

id. Dom. 8.—

incesta, ae, f., an incestuous woman, paramour:

hunc (adamanta) dedit olim barbarus incestae,

Juv. 6, 158.— Adv.: incestē ( incastē, Sen. Contr. 2, 13).

In gen., impurely, sinfully, Lucr. 1, 98:

facere sacrificium Dianae,

Liv. 1, 45, 6.—

In partic., unchastely:

ideo aquam adduxi, ut ea tu inceste uterere?

Cic. Cael. 14, 34:

libidinatum,

Suet. Ner. 28:

agit incestius res suas,

Arn. 5, 170.

incestus, ūs, m. [1. incestus, II.], unchastity, incest (mostly Ciceron.):

quaestio de incestu,

Cic. Mil. 22, 59; id. Brut. 32, 122; 124; id. N. D. 3, 30, 74 Klotz; Liv. 4, 44 Weissenb.; Val. Max. 6, 3, 7.