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41 aguardiente
(Sp. model spelled same [agwarðjénte] compound, agglutinated Spanish form < Latin aqua 'water' and arder < Latin ardere 'to burn, be on fire' plus the Spanish suffix - iente equivalent to the English - ing, in this case, literally burning water; hence, fire, or fiery, water)DARE: 1818. According to the OED, it originally referred to "a coarse kind of brandy made in Spain and Portugal" and was extended to native whiskey in the Southwest. Watts notes the continued evolution of the term: it also came to refer to spirits distilled from Mexican red wine or rum. As the Spanish sources note, it can refer to any distilled drink where the resultant alcohol is diluted with water. Hence it is a generic term translatable as booze (Blevins), strong (alcoholic) drink, or liquor (Hendrickson). It is likely that this generic meaning was the one used by cowboys and American Indians alike.Alternate forms: agua ardiente, aguadiente, aguadinte, aguardent, aquadiente, aquadinte, aquardiente, aquedent, aquediente, argadent, awerdente, awerdenty. -
42 llano estacado
(Sp. model spelled same [jáno] [see above] plus [estakáSdo], nominalized perfective participle of estacar 'to enclose or fence in' < estaca 'stake,' perhaps of Germanic origin [such as < Gothic *stakka]; in this case, estacado should be glossed as 'fenced, barricaded or stockaded')Texas: 1883. A wide plateau in Texas and New Mexico, the site of a trail from San Antonio, Texas, to Santa Fe, New Mexico, used by early Spanish explorers. Cobos indicates that 'Stockaded Plain' or 'Palisaded Plain' would be a more appropriate translation of the Spanish llano estacado than 'Staked Plain,' which is how the name of the region is generally translated into English. He notes that Spanish explorers named the plain after a rimrock formation that resembled a stone fortress. The assumption by English speakers that the plain was named for a trail marked by stakes driven into the earth is a misconception or simply the product of a poor translation.
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