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1 carnot-(m.
• carnot engine -
2 Carnot
m.Carnot, Nicolas Leonard Sadi Carnot. -
3 Carnot’scher Kreisprozess
Carnot’scher Kreisprozess m HÜTT/WALZ Carnot cycleDeutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch Engineering > Carnot’scher Kreisprozess
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4 carnot devresi
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5 Carnot motor
• Carnot engine -
6 Carnot, Nicolas Léonard Sadi
SUBJECT AREA: Steam and internal combustion engines[br]b. 1 June 1796 Paris, Franced. 24 August 1831 Paris, France[br]French laid the foundations for modern thermodynamics through his book Réflexions sur la puissance motrice du feu when he stated that the efficiency of an engine depended on the working substance and the temperature drop between the incoming and outgoing steam.[br]Sadi was the eldest son of Lazare Carnot, who was prominent as one of Napoleon's military and civil advisers. Sadi was born in the Palais du Petit Luxembourg and grew up during the Napoleonic wars. He was tutored by his father until in 1812, at the minimum age of 16, he entered the Ecole Polytechnique to study stress analysis, mechanics, descriptive geometry and chemistry. He organized the students to fight against the allies at Vincennes in 1814. He left the Polytechnique that October and went to the Ecole du Génie at Metz as a student second lieutenant. While there, he wrote several scientific papers, but on the Restoration in 1815 he was regarded with suspicion because of the support his father had given Napoleon. In 1816, on completion of his studies, Sadi became a second lieutenant in the Metz engineering regiment and spent his time in garrison duty, drawing up plans of fortifications. He seized the chance to escape from this dull routine in 1819 through an appointment to the army general staff corps in Paris, where he took leave of absence on half pay and began further courses of study at the Sorbonne, Collège de France, Ecole des Mines and the Conservatoire des Arts et Métiers. He was inter-ested in industrial development, political economy, tax reform and the fine arts.It was not until 1821 that he began to concentrate on the steam-engine, and he soon proposed his early form of the Carnot cycle. He sought to find a general solution to cover all types of steam-engine, and reduced their operation to three basic stages: an isothermal expansion as the steam entered the cylinder; an adiabatic expansion; and an isothermal compression in the condenser. In 1824 he published his Réflexions sur la puissance motrice du feu, which was well received at the time but quickly forgotten. In it he accepted the caloric theory of heat but pointed out the impossibility of perpetual motion. His main contribution to a correct understanding of a heat engine, however, lay in his suggestion that power can be produced only where there exists a temperature difference due "not to an actual consumption of caloric but to its transportation from a warm body to a cold body". He used the analogy of a water-wheel with the water falling around its circumference. He proposed the true Carnot cycle with the addition of a final adiabatic compression in which motive power was con sumed to heat the gas to its original incoming temperature and so closed the cycle. He realized the importance of beginning with the temperature of the fire and not the steam in the boiler. These ideas were not taken up in the study of thermodynartiics until after Sadi's death when B.P.E.Clapeyron discovered his book in 1834.In 1824 Sadi was recalled to military service as a staff captain, but he resigned in 1828 to devote his time to physics and economics. He continued his work on steam-engines and began to develop a kinetic theory of heat. In 1831 he was investigating the physical properties of gases and vapours, especially the relationship between temperature and pressure. In June 1832 he contracted scarlet fever, which was followed by "brain fever". He made a partial recovery, but that August he fell victim to a cholera epidemic to which he quickly succumbed.[br]Bibliography1824, Réflexions sur la puissance motrice du feu; pub. 1960, trans. R.H.Thurston, New York: Dover Publications; pub. 1978, trans. Robert Fox, Paris (full biographical accounts are provided in the introductions of the translated editions).Further ReadingDictionary of Scientific Biography, 1971, Vol. III, New York: C.Scribner's Sons. T.I.Williams (ed.), 1969, A Biographical Dictionary of Scientists, London: A. \& C.Black.Chambers Concise Dictionary of Scientists, 1989, Cambridge.D.S.L.Cardwell, 1971, from Watt to Clausius. The Rise of Thermodynamics in the Early Industrial Age, London: Heinemann (discusses Carnot's theories of heat).RLHBiographical history of technology > Carnot, Nicolas Léonard Sadi
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7 Carnot-Maschine
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8 Carnot-Prozess
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9 Carnot'scher Wirkungsgrad
m < therm> ■ efficiency of Carnot cycleGerman-english technical dictionary > Carnot'scher Wirkungsgrad
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10 Carnot-virkningsgrad
(luftkond) Carnot cycle efficiency -
11 Carnot shock loss
Англо-русский словарь промышленной и научной лексики > Carnot shock loss
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12 daur Carnot
Carnot cycle -
13 daur kukus Carnot
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14 korolari Carnot
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15 mesin Carnot
Carnot engine -
16 pendingin Carnot
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17 persamaan Carnot-Clausius
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18 teorema Carnot
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19 Sadi Carnot
m.Sadi Carnot, Nicolas Leonard Sadi Carnot. -
20 obrnuti Carnot ciklus
• reverse Carnot cycle
См. также в других словарях:
CARNOT (L. N. M.) — CARNOT LAZARE NICOLAS MARGUERITE (1753 1823) Dans les manuels d’histoire, la grande figure de l’«Organisateur de la victoire» plane, seule respectable, bien au dessus des figures sanguinaires de la Révolution. Fils d’un avocat et notaire… … Encyclopédie Universelle
Carnot — is the name of a celebrated French family in politics and science with the following members:*Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot (1753 1823), mathematician and politician. *Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot (1796 1832), mathematician and eldest son of… … Wikipedia
Carnot — ist der Name folgender Personen: Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot, (1753–1823), französischer Politiker, Ingenieur und Mathematiker Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot (1796–1832), französischer Physiker, ältester Sohn von Lazare Nicolas Marguerite… … Deutsch Wikipedia
CARNOT (S.) — Fils aîné de Lazare Carnot, «l’Organisateur de la Victoire», Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot est un des pionniers de la thermodynamique. Son unique publication, les Réflexions sur la puissance motrice du feu et sur les machines propres à développer… … Encyclopédie Universelle
Carnot — Saltar a navegación, búsqueda Carnot puede referirse a: Lazare Carnot (1753 1823), político y matemático francés; Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot (1796 1832), físico iniciador de la teoría de la termodinámica; Lazare Hippolyte Carnot (1801 1888),… … Wikipedia Español
Carnot — [kar no], 1) Lazare Nicolas Marguerite, Graf (seit 1815), französischer Staatsmann und Mathematiker, * Nolay (Département Côte d Or) 13. 5. 1753, ✝ Magdeburg 2. 8. 1823, Vater von 4); war Ingenieuroffizier, wurde 1792 in den Konvent… … Universal-Lexikon
Carnot — Moon, PA U.S. Census Designated Place in Pennsylvania Population (2000): 10637 Housing Units (2000): 4943 Land area (2000): 5.969526 sq. miles (15.461002 sq. km) Water area (2000): 0.000000 sq. miles (0.000000 sq. km) Total area (2000): 5.969526… … StarDict's U.S. Gazetteer Places
Carnot, PA — Carnot Moon, PA U.S. Census Designated Place in Pennsylvania Population (2000): 10637 Housing Units (2000): 4943 Land area (2000): 5.969526 sq. miles (15.461002 sq. km) Water area (2000): 0.000000 sq. miles (0.000000 sq. km) Total area (2000):… … StarDict's U.S. Gazetteer Places
Carnot — On rencontre ce nom dans le Finistère, où il semble désigner celui qui est originaire d une localité appelée Carnoët (nom d une commune des Côtes d Armor, également Clohars Carnoët dans le Finistère). Sens du toponyme : dérivé de carn = tas de… … Noms de famille
Carnot — (spr. Karnoh), 1) Lazare Nicolas Marguerite, geb. 1753 zu Nolay in Burgund; kam früh ins Geniecorps. Bei Anfang der Revolution war er Hauptmann u. schlug sich auf die Seite derselben, wurde 1791 Deputirter der Gesetzgebenden Versammlung u.… … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
Carnot — (spr. |no), 1) Lazare Nicolas Marguerite, Graf, franz. Staatsmann, geb. 13. Mai 1753 in Nolay (Côte d Or), gest. 3. Aug. 1823 in Magdeburg, trat in das Ingenieurkorps und veröffentlichte Gedanken zur bessern Verteidigung fester Plätze. Beim… … Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon
