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121 owe
1 ( be indebted for) devoir [money, invention, life, success] ; to owe sth to sb tenir qch de qn [good looks, talent] ; devoir qch à qn [failure, money] ; I owe him £10 for the ticket je lui dois 10 livres pour le billet ; he still owes us for the ticket il nous doit encore de l'argent pour le billet ; I've forgotten my purse, can I owe it to you? j'ai oublié mon porte-monnaie, est-ce que je peux te le rendre plus tard? ; my mother, to whom I owe so much ma mère, à qui je dois tout ; I owe you one ○ ou a favour je te le revaudrai ; he owes me one ○ ou a favour il me doit bien ça ;2 ( be morally bound to give) devoir [apology, duty, loyalty, explanation, thanks] ; you owe it to your parents to work hard tu dois à tes parents de travailler dur ; you owe it to yourself to try everything tu te dois de tout essayer ; don't think the world owes you a living ○ ! ne crois pas que le monde te doive quoi que ce soit! ;3 ( be influenced by) to owe much/something to sb devoir beaucoup/quelque chose à qn ; his style owes much to the Impressionists son style doit beaucoup aux impressionnistes. -
122 straight
[streit] 1. adjective1) (not bent or curved: a straight line; straight (= not curly) hair; That line is not straight.) droit; raide2) ((of a person, his behaviour etc) honest, frank and direct: Give me a straight answer!) franc3) (properly or levelly positioned: Your tie isn't straight.) droit4) (correct and tidy: I'll never get this house straight!; Now let's get the facts straight!) en ordre; clairement5) ((of drinks) not mixed: a straight gin.) sans eau, sec6) ((of a face, expression etc) not smiling or laughing: You should keep a straight face while you tell a joke.) impassible7) ((of an actor) playing normal characters, or (of a play) of the ordinary type - not a musical or variety show.) dramatique2. adverb1) (in a straight, not curved, line; directly: His route went straight across the desert; She can't steer straight; Keep straight on.) (tout) droit; directement2) (immediately, without any delay: He went straight home after the meeting.) tout droit3) (honestly or fairly: You're not playing (= behaving) straight.) franc-jeu3. noun(the straight part of something, eg of a racecourse: He's in the final straight.) ligne droite- straightness - straightforward - straightforwardly - straightforwardness - straight talking - go straight - straight away - straighten out/up - a straight fight - straight off -
123 guarantee
guarantee [‚gærənˈti:]1. noungarantie f• "money-back guarantee with all items" « remboursement garanti sur tous les articles »• you have my guarantee that... je vous garantis que...━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━* * *[ˌgærən'tiː] 1.1) (warranty, document) garantie f ( against contre)3) Law (of financial liability, somebody's debts) garantie f2.to give [something] as a guarantee — donner [quelque chose] en caution [money]; donner [quelque chose] en gage [object]
transitive verb2) ( assure) garantir, assurerI can guarantee that... — je peux vous garantir que...
3) Lawto guarantee a loan — se porter garant or caution d'un emprunt
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124 short
short [∫ɔ:t]1. adjectivea. court ; ( = not tall) petit• I know it's short notice, but... je sais que le délai est assez court mais...b. ( = abbreviated) "PO" is short for "post office" « PO » est l'abréviation de »post office »c. ( = lacking) to be short of sth manquer de qchd. ( = curt) brusque2. adverb• to cut short [+ speech, TV programme, class, visit, holiday] écourter• I'm £2 short il me manque 2 livres• not far short of £100 pas loin de 100 livres• we are £2,000 short of our target il nous manque encore 2 000 livres pour atteindre notre objectif• it's nothing short of robbery c'est du vol, ni plus ni moins• nothing short of a revolution will satisfy them ils veulent une révolution, rien de moins• I don't see what you can do short of asking him yourself je ne vois pas ce que vous pouvez faire si ce n'est lui demander vous-même3. noun4. plural noun7. compounds• to short-change sb (in shop) ne pas rendre assez à qn ► short-circuit noun court-circuit m transitive verb court-circuiter intransitive verb faire court-circuit• I took a short cut through the fields j'ai pris un raccourci à travers champs ► short-haired adjective [person] aux cheveux courts ; [animal] à poil ras► short-range adjective [missile] à courte portée ; [aircraft] à court rayon d'action ; [plan, weather forecast] à court terme• to be short-staffed manquer de personnel ► short-stay car park noun parc m de stationnement de courte durée* * *[ʃɔːt] 1.1) ( drink) alcool m fort2) Electricity = short circuit3) Cinema court métrage m2. 3.1) ( not long-lasting) [stay, memory, period] court (before n); [course] de courte durée; [conversation, speech, chapter] bref/brève; [walk] petit (before n)the days are getting shorter — les jours diminuent or raccourcissent
2) ( not of great length) court (before n)3) ( not tall) [person] petit4) ( scarce)5) ( inadequate) [rations] insuffisanthe gave me a short measure — ( in shop) il a triché sur le poids
6) ( lacking)to be short on — [person] manquer de [talent, tact]
to go short of —
to run short of — manquer de [clothes, money, food]
my wages are £30 short — il me manque 30 livres sterling sur mon salaire
7) ( in abbreviation)this is Nicholas, Nick for short! — je te présente Nicholas, mais on l'appelle Nick
8) ( abrupt)9) Linguistics [vowel] bref/brève10) Finance [loan, credit] à court terme11) Culinary [pastry] brisé4. 5.in short adverbial phrase bref6.short of prepositional phrase1) ( just before) un peu avant2) ( just less than) pas loin dethat's nothing short of blackmail! — c'est du chantage, ni plus ni moins!
3) ( except)7.transitive verb, intransitive verb Electricity = short-circuit••short and sweet — bref/brève
to bring ou pull somebody up short — couper quelqu'un dans son élan
to make short work of something/somebody — expédier quelque chose/quelqu'un
the long and short of it is that they... — en un mot (comme en cent), ils...
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125 throw
throw [θrəʊ]1. noun[of javelin, discus] jet m• it costs $10 a throw (inf) ça coûte 10 dollars à chaque fois• to throw o.s. to the ground se jeter à terrec. ( = put suddenly) jeter• to throw into confusion [+ person] semer la confusion dans l'esprit de ; [+ meeting, group] semer la confusion dans• to throw open [+ door, window] ouvrir tout grand ; [+ house, gardens] ouvrir au public ; [+ competition] ouvrir à tout le monded. [+ switch] actionnere. [+ pottery] tournerf. ( = disconcert) (inf) déconcerter3. compounds► throw about, throw around separable transitive verb• to be thrown about (in boat, bus) être ballotté[+ rubbish] jeter ; [+ one's life, happiness, chance, talents] gâcher► throw in( = give) donner( = get rid of) se libérer de ; [+ cold, infection] se débarrasser deb. ( = make wrong) fausserb. [+ people] réunir (par hasard)► throw up* * *[θrəʊ] 1.1) Sport, Games ( in football) touche f; (of javelin, discus etc) lancer m; (in judo, wrestling etc) jeté m; ( of dice) coup m2) (colloq) ( each)2.CDs £5 a throw! — les compacts à cinq livres (la) pièce!
1) gen, Games, Sport ( project) ( with careful aim) lancer; ( downwards) jeter; ( with violence) projeterto throw a six — ( in dice) faire un six
2) fig ( direct) lancer [punch, question]; jeter [glance, look]; envoyer [kiss]; projeter [image, light, shadow] (on sur); faire [shadow] (on sur)we are ready for all the problems that Europe can throw at us — fig nous somme prêts à affronter tous les problèmes que l'Europe nous pose
to throw suspicion on somebody/something — faire naître des soupçons sur quelqu'un/quelque chose
3) fig ( disconcert) désarçonnerto throw [something/somebody] into confusion ou disarray — semer la confusion dans [meeting, group]; semer la confusion parmi [people]
4) Technology actionner [switch, lever]the operator threw the machine into gear/reverse — l'opérateur a embrayé l'engin/passé la marche arrière
5) (colloq) ( indulge in)to throw a fit — fig piquer une crise (colloq)
6) (colloq) ( organize)to throw a party — faire une fête (colloq)
7) ( in pottery)3. 4.to throw oneself — se jeter ( onto sur)
to throw oneself into — lit se jeter dans; fig se plonger dans
Phrasal Verbs:- throw in- throw on- throw up••it's throwing it down! — (colloq) GB ça dégringole! (colloq)
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126 pleasure
pleasure [ˈpleʒər]1. nouna. ( = enjoyment) plaisir m• toys which can give children hours of pleasure des jouets avec lesquels les enfants peuvent s'amuser pendant des heures• has he gone to Paris on business or for pleasure? est-il allé à Paris pour affaires ou pour son plaisir ?b. ( = source of enjoyment) plaisir m• with pleasure ( = willingly) avec plaisir• I have pleasure in accepting... j'ai l'honneur d'accepter...• Mr and Mrs Brewis request the pleasure of your company at the marriage of their daughter M. et Mme Brewis sont heureux de vous faire part du mariage de leur fille et vous prient d'assister à la bénédiction nuptiale2. compounds* * *['pleʒə(r)]2) [C] (enjoyable activity, experience) plaisir m (of de)it is/was a pleasure to do — c'est/c'était agréable de faire
3) ( in polite formulae)I look forward to the pleasure of meeting you — ( some day) j'espère avoir un jour le plaisir de vous rencontrer
my pleasure — ( replying to request for help) avec plaisir; ( replying to thanks) je vous en prie
what an unexpected pleasure! — gen quelle excellente surprise!; iron ça! par exemple!
‘Mr and Mrs Moor request the pleasure of your company at their daughter's wedding’ — ‘M. et Mme Moor vous prient d'assister à la cérémonie de mariage de leur fille’
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127 clearance
1) (the act of clearing or removing: The clearance of these trees from the front of the window will give you more light.) enlèvement2) (the empty space between two objects: You can drive the lorry under the bridge - there's a clearance of half a metre.) dégagement3) ((a certificate) giving permission for something to be done.) autorisation -
128 pay back
1) (to give back (to someone something that one has borrowed): I'll pay you back as soon as I can.) rembourser2) (to punish: I'll pay you back for that!) faire payer à
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