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41 Theory
Neurath has likened science to a boat which, if we are to rebuild it, we must rebuild plank by plank while staying afloat in it. The philosopher and the scientist are in the same boat....Analyze theory-building how we will, we all must start in the middle. Our conceptual firsts are middle-sized, middle-distanced objects, and our introduction to them and to everything comes midway in the cultural evolution of the race. In assimilating this cultural fare we are little more aware of a distinction between report and invention, substance and style, cues and conceptualization, than we are of a distinction between the proteins and the carbohydrates of our material intake. Retrospectively we may distinguish the components of theory-building, as we distinguish the proteins and carbohydrates while subsisting on them. (Quine, 1960, pp. 4-6)Theories are usually introduced when previous study of a class of phenomena has revealed a system of uniformities.... Theories then seek to explain those regularities and, generally, to afford a deeper and more accurate understanding of the phenomena in question. To this end, a theory construes those phenomena as manifestations of entities and processes that lie behind or beneath them, as it were. (Hempel, 1966, p. 70)A strong approach [to construct validation] looks on construct validation as tough-minded testing of specific hypotheses:heoretical concepts are defined conceptually or implicitly by their role in a network of nomological or statistical "laws." The meaning is partially given by the theoretical network, however tentative and as yet impoverished that network may be. Crudely put, you know what you mean by an entity to the extent that statements about it in the theoretical language are linked to statements in the observational language. These statements are about where it's found, what it does, what it's made of. Only a few of those properties are directly tied to observables [p. 136]. In [an early] theory sketch, based upon some experience and data, everything said is conjectural. We have tentative notions about some indicators of the construct with unknown validities [p. 144]. [When we check up empirically on predictions from the model] we are testing the crude theory sketch, we are tightening the network psychometrically, and we are validating the indicators. All of these are done simultaneously [p. 149]. [Extracted with elisions and some paraphrase from Meehl & Golden, 1982.] (Cronbach, 1990, p. 183)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Theory
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42 (this text) is not intended as
Математика: не задуман как (mathematical theory, but rather)Универсальный англо-русский словарь > (this text) is not intended as
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43 theory of constraints
Finan approach to production management which aims to maximize sales revenue less material and variable overhead cost. It focuses on factors such as bottlenecks which act as constraints to this maximization.Abbr. TOC -
44 this having placed the final nail in the coffin of the theory of
Математика: нанести последний удар по теории (...) (...)Универсальный англо-русский словарь > this having placed the final nail in the coffin of the theory of
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45 this rechauffe of a theory
Общая лексика: старая теория под новым соусомУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > this rechauffe of a theory
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46 this type of uniqueness holds for (2.6) , within the framework of small finite deflection theory
Математика: этот тип единственности имеет место для модели (2.6) в рамках теории малых конечных отклоненийУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > this type of uniqueness holds for (2.6) , within the framework of small finite deflection theory
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47 this type of uniqueness holds for , within the framework of small finite deflection theory
Универсальный англо-русский словарь > this type of uniqueness holds for , within the framework of small finite deflection theory
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48 this article is not supposed merely to present a theory ...
• цель статьи - не только представить теорию...English-Russian dictionary of phrases and cliches for a specialist researcher > this article is not supposed merely to present a theory ...
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49 stakeholder theory
Gen Mgtthe theory that an organization can enhance the interests of its shareholders without damaging the interests of its wider stakeholders. Stakeholder theory grew in response to the economic theory of the firm, and contrasts with Theory E. One of the difficulties of stakeholder theory is allocating importance to the values of different groups of stakeholders, and a solution to this is proposed by stakeholder value analysis. -
50 for this is that
to state authoritatively that … — авторитетно заявить, что …
the theory prevails that … — существует теория о том, что …
the story goes that he was murdered — говорят, что его убили
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51 He put forward a new theory for this phenomenon
Математика: он предлагает новую теорию данного явленияУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > He put forward a new theory for this phenomenon
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52 thus the gap between the general theory and this example
Математика: таким образом, разрыв между общей теорией и данным примером (...) (is, in some sense, diminished)Универсальный англо-русский словарь > thus the gap between the general theory and this example
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53 at this stage, the approach provides nothing additional to usual formulation of the theory ...
• на этой стадии данный подход ничего не добавляет к обычной формулировке теории...English-Russian dictionary of phrases and cliches for a specialist researcher > at this stage, the approach provides nothing additional to usual formulation of the theory ...
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54 however, in theory this is quite possible ...
• однако теоретически это вполне возможно...English-Russian dictionary of phrases and cliches for a specialist researcher > however, in theory this is quite possible ...
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55 so in theory this means that ...
• таким образом, теоретически это означает...English-Russian dictionary of phrases and cliches for a specialist researcher > so in theory this means that ...
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56 теория
theory, hypothesis• Адекватные экспериментальные подтверждения данной теории отсутствуют. - Adequate empirical support for the theory is lacking.• Большая часть данной теории может быть развита в терминах... - A large part of the theory can be developed in terms of...• Было выдвинуто много теорий, чтобы объяснить... - Many theories have been advanced to explain...• В данной главе мы разовьем теорию... - In this chapter we shall develop the theory of...• В данной книге описывается современная теория... - This book describes the modern theory of...• В данной приближенной теории предполагается, что... - In the approximate theory it is assumed that...• В настоящий момент не существует полностью удовлетворительной теории... - Currently there is no completely satisfactory theory of...• Все эти теории имеют общей идею, что... - These theories have in common the idea that...• Д-р Смит был основным разработчиком теории... - Dr. Smith has been a key contributor to the theory of...• Данная теория могла бы соответственно основываться на... - The theory could accordingly be based on...• Данная теория недостаточно разработана, чтобы разрешить... - This theory is not sufficiently advanced to permit...• Данная теория также объясняет тот факт, что... - This theory also explains the fact that...• (Действительно) последовательная теория должна учитывать (эффект и т. п.). - A comprehensive theory must account for...• Детальная теория показывает, что... - Detailed theory shows that...• Другим недостатком данной теории является то, что... - The other disadvantage of the theory is that...• Если эта теория верна, то... - If this theory is correct, then...• К сожалению, как мы увидим, данная теория не предсказывает... - Unfortunately, as we shall see, the theory does not predict...• Каждая из этих теорий включает в себя предположения относительно... - Each of these theories involves assumptions about...• Мы могли бы продолжить развитие теории... - We could go on to develop a theory of...• Наиболее широко принятые современные теории утверждают, что... - The most widely accepted modern theories suggest that...• Наилучшим образом проблема исследуется с использованием теории... - The problem is best approached through the theory of...• Не было разработано никакой теории, чтобы анализировать... - No theory has been developed to analyze...• Обширная часть теории была разработана для... - A vast amount of theory has been developed for...• Одна простая теория может использоваться для... - A simple theory can be used to...• Одна теория предлагает... - One theory suggests that...• Однако данная теория по-прежнему имеет два дефекта. - The theory still suffered from two defects, however.• Однако окончательные результаты теории не могут зависеть от... - But the final results of the theory must not depend on...• Однако, во-первых, нам необходимо изучить общую теорию... - First, however, we need to study the general theory of...• Одним из таких орудий является классическая теория (чего-л). - One such tool is the classical theory of...• Перед тем, как оставить общую теорию, было бы желательно... - Before leaving the general theory it may be desirable to...• Предыдущая теория легко иллюстрируется (посредством)... - The above theory is easily illustrated by means of...• Приведенная выше теория не предсказывает хорошо известный результат, что... - The theory given above does not predict the well-known result that...• Приложения данной теории играют жизненно важную роль в... - The applications of this theory play a vital role in...• Применение данной теории к частным случаям требует... - The application of the theory to particular cases requires...• Работая независимо, Смит [1] развил теорию... - Smith [1], working independently, developed the theory of...• Развивая данную теорию, мы будем существенно использовать... - In developing the theory we shall make considerable use of...• Развитие подобной теории началось в ранних 1980-х годах работой Смита[1]. - The development of such a theory began in the early 1980s with the work of Smith [1].• Развитие этой теории в огромной степени облегчается... - The development of this theory is greatly facilitated by...• Следовательно, мы обязаны попытаться развить теорию, которая приводит к... - Hence, we must try to develop a theory that leads to...• Согласно теории электромагнетизма... - According to electromagnetic theory,...• Существуют несколько способов дать введение в теорию... - There are several ways of introducing the theory of...• Такое согласие между теорией и экспериментом вполне удовлетворительно в свете... - The agreement between theory and experiment is quite good in view of..'.• Теперь мы приходим к теории... - We now come to the theory of...• Подходящая теория может быть развита при использовании... - A satisfactory theory can be developed using...• Чтобы получить удовлетворительную теорию, мы обязаны... - То obtain a satisfactory theory it is necessary to...• Чтобы отдать предпочтение одной из двух теорий,... - То decide between the two theories...• Эта теория может также объяснить... - This theory may also account for...• Эти трудности мотивировали формулировку приближенных теорий для описания... - These complications have motivated the formulation of approximate theories to describe...• Эти уравнения положены в основу теории... - These equations form the basis of the theory of...• Это находится в соответствии с теорией... - This is in accordance with the theory of...• Эту сложную теорию трудна объяснить в простых терминах. - This theory is difficult to comprehend in simple terms.• Эту теорию можно использовать только когда... - This theory is applicable only when...• Явное расхождение между теорией и практикой может быть устранено, если... - The apparent discrepancy between theory and practice can be resolved if...• Яркой чертой данной теории является то, что... - A salient feature of the theory is that... -
57 согласно теории
•This theory holds that the earth started hot, but has been losing heat ever since.
•The wave theory supposes that this radiation consists of...
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > согласно теории
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58 полностью использовать
•This arrangement takes full advantage of solar energy.
•The work of expansion uses up the thermal energy of the gas.
•Full advantage can be taken of modern methods of mechanization.
•The authors made full use of this theory.
•A full benefit is taken of this feature by the department.
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > полностью использовать
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59 находиться в начальном периоде развития
•This theory is ( still) in its infancy.
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > находиться в начальном периоде развития
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60 недостаточно разработан
•This theory is not sufficiently advanced to permit...
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > недостаточно разработан
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