-
1 ómalingwe
?"voice-???" Narqelion; in Tolkien's later Quenya, óma means "voice" or "vowel" and lingwë means "fish", but at least the latter gloss can hardly be relevant here -
2 -nwa
is said to be a passive suffix irregularly occurring in the word vanwa lost PE17:63, the word seems to be irregular since the underlying root means go away and so vanwa is in a sense a past active participle, *having gone. Compare PE17:68. -
3 amorta-
vb. "heave"literally "up-rise, rise up", cf. orta-; the prefix am- means "up". Only attested as a participleamortala "heaving" in Markirya. -
4 -inqua
adjectival ending, seen in alcarinqua "glorious" WJ:412 from alcar "glory". Etymologically, -inqua means "-full", like "glory-full" in this case. A variant *-unqua is implied in WJ:415 only referred to in archaic form -unkwā. The forms using u were mainly applied to things heavy, clumsy, ugly or bad, whereas -inqua in the same source derived from -inkwā is neutral. -
5 tai
1 pron. "that which, what", which fact VT42:34, VT49:12, 20. The word occurs in the sentence alasaila ná lá carë tai mo navë mára, translated "it is unwise not to do what one judges good". So tai = "what", but it means more literally "that which" VT49:12, ta + i cf. ta \#1 and the use of i as a relative pronoun. In one note, Tolkien emended tai to ita, reversing the elements VT49:12 and also eliminating the ambiguity involving the homophone tai \#2, see below. 2 pron. they, them, 3rd person pl., used with reference to inanimates rather than persons or living things VT49:32, see ta \#3 above. Perhaps to avoid the clash with tai that which, the pronoun tai they, them was altered to te in at least one manuscript VT49:33, so that it would merge with the pronoun used of living beings and the distinction between animate and inanimate would be abandoned see te. 3 adv. then, also tá which form may be preferred because tai has other meanings as well VT49:33 -
6 mbelekōro
masc. name,mentioned as "the oldest Q form" of Melkor, q.v. This is obviously a form that belongs to Common Eldarin rather than Quenya as we know it: Notice that it is marked in the source asterisked as unattested WJ:402. It may be that Q here means Quendian rather than Quenya. -
7 an
1 conj. and prep. "for" Nam, RGEO:66, an cé mo quernëfor if one turned VT49:8, also used adverbially in the formula an + a noun to express one more of the thing concerned: an quetta a word more, PE17:91. The an of the phrase es sorni heruion an! "the Eagles of the Lords are at hand" SD:290 however seems to denote motion towards the speaker: the Eagles are coming. Etym has an, ana "to, towards" NĀsup1/sup. The phrase an i falmalīPE17:127 is not clearly translated but seems to be a paraphrase of the word falmalinnar upon the foaming waves Nam, suggesting that an can be used as a paraphrase of the allative ending and if falmalīis seen as a Book Quenya accusative form because of the long final vowel, this is evidence that an governs the accusative case.In the "Arctic" sentence, an is translated "until". Regarding an as used in Namárië, various sources indicate that it means an moreover, furthermore, to proceed VT49:18-19 or properly further, plus, in addition PE17:69, 90. According to one late source ca. 1966 or later, an is very frequently used after a full stop, when an account or description is confirmed after a pause. So in Galadriels Elvish lament: An sí Tintallë, etc. = For now the Kindler, etc This is translated by me for, side an is as here often in fact used when the additional matter provides an explanation of or reason for what has already been said. Related is the use of an + noun to express one more; here an is presumably accented, something the word would not normally be when used as a conjunction or preposition. -
8 rissë
noun? The word is not clearly glossed but apparently means cut or cleft ravine, the cognate of the final element of Imladris, Sindarin name of Rivendell. PE17:87 -
9 arca-
2 vb. "pray" VT43:23, cf. VT44:8, 18; evidently this basically means "to petition" or to ask for, compare arcandë below. -
10 hyarmen
noun "south" SA, SA:men, KHYAR, literally lefthand-direction VT49:12, since the Elves named the directions as they were to a person facing the Blessed Realm in the WestAlso name of tengwa \#33 Appendix E. In Hyarmendacil masc.name, "South-victor" Appendix A, apparently also in the place-name Hyarmentir name of a mountain; the element -tir means *"watching point". SA Hyarnustar "the Southwestlands" of Númenor; Hyarrostar the "Southeastlands" UT:165 -
11 windya
vinya adj. "pale blue" WIN/WIND It is uncertain whether Tolkien rejected this word or not; in any case, vinya means "new" in his later versions of Quenya. -
12 fifíru-
vb.; this is evidently the frequentative see sisíla- form of fir-; according to MC:223 it means "slowly fade away"; participle fifírula in Markirya translated "fading" -
13 Minardil
masc.name noun *"minar?-friend". Perhaps minar is to be understood as a variant of minas s being voiced to z by contact with the voiced plosive that follows, and then regularly becoming r; if so, the name means *"Tower-friend" Appendix A -
14 quantaemma
quantemma noun facsimile, a complete detailed visual reproduction by any means of a visible thing PE17:179, literally *full picture, cf. emma, q.v. -
15 le
pronominal element "you", originally the "reverential 2nd person sing" RGEO:73, VT49:56. However, singular le was apparently altered to lye q.v., and le took on a plural significance le for pl. you is apparently derived from de, the ancient 2nd person pl. stem, VT49:50-51. Stressed lé VT49:51, dual let *the two of you ibid.. At certain points in Tolkiens conception, le was still sg. thou rather than pl. you. It is attested as an ending in the imperative form antalë *"give thou" VT43:17; see anta-. The form ólë in VT43:29 apparently means *"with thee"; according to Tolkiens later system, it would rather mean with you pl. Compare aselyë with thee sg. in a later source see as. -
16 alcantaméren
"k"vb. "made it shine" with a fem.pl. subject; the ending -ren probably means "they" of women, but the ending does not have to be translated here MC:216; this is "Qenya" -
17 finda
1 adj. "having hair, -haired" Tolkien's gloss "-haired" evidently means that finda may be used in compounds, like *carnifinda "red-haired" PM:340 2 adj. fine & delicately made PE17:181 -
18 vorosanya(þ)
adj. "regular, law-abiding, normal" VT46:16; also just sanya þ. The prefix voro- means ever or continually. -
19 Hyarmen
noun "south" SA, SA:men, KHYAR, literally lefthand-direction VT49:12, since the Elves named the directions as they were to a person facing the Blessed Realm in the WestAlso name of tengwa \#33 Appendix E. In Hyarmendacil masc.name, "South-victor" Appendix A, apparently also in the place-name Hyarmentir name of a mountain; the element -tir means *"watching point". SA Hyarnustar "the Southwestlands" of Númenor; Hyarrostar the "Southeastlands" UT:165 -
20 parma
noun "book", also name of tengwa \#2 PAR, Appendix E. In early "Qenya", the gloss was "skin, bark, parchment, book, writings" LT2:346; Tolkien later revisited the idea that parma basically is a noun peel and refers to bark or skin as primitive writing materials, PE17:86: peel, applied to bark or skin, hence book, bark literally skinning, peeling off, parchment, book; a book or written document of some size PE17:123. In the meantimeTolkien had associated the word with a root PAR meaning compose, put together LR:380; the word loiparë mistake in writing q.v. may also suggest that the root PAR at one point was to mean write, so that a parma was a *written thing. Instrumental form parmanen with a book or by means of a book PE17:91, 180, parmastanna on your book with the endings -sta dual your, -nna allative VT49:47, parmahentië noun book reading PE17:77. Other compounds: parmalambë noun "book-language" = Quenya PAR, \#parma-resta noun *book-fair, attested with the endings -lya thy and the allative ending -nna parma-restalyanna *upon your book-fair VT49:38, 39. Parma as the name of the tengwa letter for P occurs compunded in parmatéma noun "p-series", labials, the second column of the Tengwar system Appendix E.
- 1
- 2
См. также в других словарях:
means — W2S2 [mi:nz] n plural means ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ 1¦(method)¦ 2¦(money)¦ 3 by all means! 4 by no means/not by any means 5 by means of something 6 a means to an end 7 the means of production ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ 1.) … Dictionary of contemporary English
means — [ minz ] (plural means) noun *** 1. ) count a method for doing or achieving something: WAY: Information is not easily obtained by any other means. an effective means for finding qualified job applicants means of: What means of transportation is… … Usage of the words and phrases in modern English
means — [miːnz] noun [plural] the money and resources that a person or organization has available: means to do something • Large corporations have the means to pay large fines without suffering hardship. • The group has limited means. • young families… … Financial and business terms
Means (band) — Means Also known as Means 2 An End Origin Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada Genres Christian Hardcore Post hardcore Metalcore Melodic Hardcore Pop Punk (early … Wikipedia
Means (surname) — Means is a surname, and may refer to Carey Means, an American voice actor David Means, an American writer Gardiner Means (1896–1988), an American economist Gaston Means (1879–1938), an American private detective, bootlegger, and con artist Jimmy… … Wikipedia
means — 1. When the meaning is ‘financial resources’, means is treated as plural: Their means are somewhat limited. When the meaning is ‘a way or method’ it can operate as a singular noun (when preceded by a determiner such as a, any, or every) or as a… … Modern English usage
Means Racing — Owner(s) Jimmy Means Base Forest City, North Carolina Series Nationwide Series Race drivers 52. Bobby Santos III/Tim Schendel/Daryl Harr/Kevin Lepage Sponsors … Wikipedia
Means Street Historic District — U.S. National Register of Historic Places U.S. Historic district … Wikipedia
means-test — ˈmeans test noun [countable] an official check in order to find out if someone is poor enough to receive welfare benefit S (= payments from the state when you are ill, without work etc): • He has made proposals for means tests for Social Security … Financial and business terms
means-testing — means test ˈmeans test noun [countable] an official check in order to find out if someone is poor enough to receive welfare benefit S (= payments from the state when you are ill, without work etc): • He has made proposals for means tests for… … Financial and business terms
means — [mēnz] pl.n. 〚/span> MEAN3, n.〛 1. [with sing. or pl. v.] that by which something is done or obtained; agency [the fastest means of travel] 2. resources or available wealth; often, specif., great wealth; riches [a person of … Universalium
