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101 ბულის სტილის ავეჯი
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102 Boulle, André-Charles
SUBJECT AREA: Domestic appliances and interiors[br]b. 11 November 1642 Paris, Franced. 29 February 1732 Paris, France[br]French cabinet-maker noted for his elaborate designs and high-quality technique in marquetry using brass and tortoiseshell.[br]As with the Renaissance artists and architects of fifteenth-and sixteenth-century Italy, Boulle worked as a young man in varied media, as a painter, engraver and metalworker an in mosaic techniques. It was in the 1660s that he turned more specifically to furniture and in the following decade, under the patronage of Louis XIV, that he became a leading ébéniste or cabinet-maker, In 1672 the King's Controller-General, Jean-Baptiste Colbert, recommended Boulle as an outstanding cabinet-maker and he was appointed ébéniste du roi. From then he spent the rest of his life working in the royal palaces, notably the Louvre and Versailles, and also carried out commissions for the French aristocracy and from abroad, particularly Spain and Germany.Before the advent of Boulle, the quality furniture made for the French court and aristocracy had come from foreign craftsmen, particularly Domenico Cucci of Italy and Pierre Colle of the Low Countries. Boulle made his name as their equal in his development of new forms of furniture such as his bureaux and commodes, the immense variety of his designs and their architectural quality, the beauty of his sculptural, gilded mounts, and the development of his elaborate marquetry. He was a leading exponent of the contemporary styles, which meant the elaborately rich baroque forms in the time of Louis XIV and the more delicate rococo elegance in that of Louis XV. The technique to which Boulle gave his name (sometimes referred to in its German spelling of Bühl) incorporated a rich variety of veneering materials into his designs: in particular, he used tortoiseshell and brass with ebony. Even greater richness was created with the introduction of an engraved design upon the brass surfaces. Further delicate elaboration derived from the use of paired panels of decoration to be used in reverse form in one piece, or two matching pieces, of furniture. In one panel, designated as première partie, the marquetry took the form of brass upon tortoiseshell, while in the other (contre-partie) the tortoiseshell was set into the brass background.[br]Further ReadingJ.Fleming and H.Honour, 1977, The Penguin Dictionary of Decorative Arts: Allen Lane, pp. 107–9.1982, The History of Furniture: Orbis (contains many references to Boulle).DY -
103 Μαγδαληνή
Μαγδαληνή, ῆς, ἡ (subst. fem. of Μαγδαληνός, ή, όν) woman from Magdala, Magdalene, surname of a certain Mary (s. Μαρία 2), prob. fr. the town of Magdala which, acc. to the Talmud, lay about a twenty minutes’ walk fr. Tiberias on the west side of the Lake of Gennesaret (s. Μαγαδάν; Buhl 225f; CKopp, The Holy Places of the Gospels, tr. RWalls, ’63, 190–97) Mt 27:56, 61; 28:1; Mk 15:40, 47; 16:1, 9; Lk 8:2; 24:10; J 19:25; 20:1, 18; GPt 12:50. -
104 Ἐμμαοῦς
Ἐμμαοῦς, ἡ (Ἐμμαούς oth. edd.) Emmaus, a village (κώμη) in Judea 60 stades (c. 11.5 km.) fr. Jerusalem Lk 24:13. The site cannot be determined w. certainty. Three are proposed: 1. The old Emmaus of Maccabaean times, not infreq. mentioned by Joseph. (Niese edition, index), later Nicopolis, and now ˓Amwâs; so Eusebius-Jerome, Onomastikon p. 90 Kl.; JBoehmer (Studierstube 6, 1908, 285–89; ET 20, 1909, 186–89; 429); Dalman (Orte3 240–49=Engl. tr. 226–32); LPirot (Dict. de la Bible, Suppl. II ’34, 1049–63); EBishop, ET 55, ’43/44, 152f, et al.; CKopp, The Holy Places of the Gospels, tr. RWalls, ’63, 396–400. It is located rather far fr. Jerusalem for the 60 stades of vs. 13; but F-MAbel (RB 34, 1925, 347–67) prefers to take the v.l. 160 stades as the original (but s. Metzger 184).—2. Since the middle ages some have thought of present-day el-Kubêbe (65 stades fr. Jerusalem; Baedeker, Plummer, Zahn et al., later PViaud, Qoubeibeh Emm. évangélique 1930 [against this HVincent, RB 40, ’31, 57–91]; AdeGuglielmo, CBQ 3, ’41, 293–301).—3. The military colony of Vespasian, about 34 stades west of Jerusalem, called Ἀμμαοῦς in Jos. (Bell. 7, 217, where a v.l. has ἑξήκοντα for τριάκοντα: an assimilation to Lk 24:13?) and presumably identical w. present-day Kaloniye (Buhl 166; 186; Schürer I 512–13, details n. 142; Wlh. et al.). S. also M-JLagrange, Luc 1921, 617ff; HVincent and F-MAbel, Emmaüs, sa Basilique et son Histoire ’32; Geographie II,3 ’67, 314–16; BHHW I 404.—JWanke, Die Emmauserzählung ’73 (lit.). OEANE II 240f. -
105 Ἰουδαία
Ἰουδαία, ας, ἡ (יְהוּדָה; but the word is to be derived fr. Aram. יְהוּדַי; fr. the adj. Ἰουδαῖος with γῆ or χώρα supplied, as Philo, Leg. ad Gai. 281) ‘Judea’ (since Clearchus, the pupil of Aristotle: Fgm. 6 [ in Jos., C. Ap. 1, 179]; ins [Schürer II 1 n. 2]; PRyl 189, 5; LXX; Philo).① the southern part of Palestine in contrast to Samaria, Galilee, Perea and Idumea, Judea (s. Mk 3:7f; Ac 9:31; so LXX and oft. Joseph., Just. Also Strabo 16, 2, 34 w. Galil. and Samar.) Mt 2:1, 5, 22; 3:1; 4:25; 24:16; Mk 3:7; 13:14; Lk 1:65; 2:4; 3:1; 5:17; 6:17; 21:21; J 4:3, 47, 54; 7:1, 3; 11:7; Ac 1:8; 8:1; 9:31; 12:19; 15:1; 21:10; 28:21; Ro 15:31; 2 Cor 1:16; Gal 1:22; AcPl Ha 8, 29f=BMM verso 2. Metaph. of the inhabitants Mt 3:5 (Ἰ. χώρα Mk 1:5; see Ἰουδαῖος 1).—Buhl 64–75; HGuthe, RE IX 556–85; XXIII 713f (lit.); BHHW II 901; YAharoni, The Land of the Bible2 ’79; MStern, in CRINT I/1, 308–76.② Judea, broadly understood as the region occupied by the people of Israel, Judea =‘land of the Judeans (Jews)’, i.e. Palestine (Nicol. Dam. [I B.C.]: 90 Fgm. 96 Jac. [in Jos., Ant. 14, 9]; Diod S 40, 3, 2; Strabo 16, 2, 34; Memnon [I B.C. / I A.D.]: 434 Fgm. 1, 18, 9 Jac.; Ptolem. 5, 16, 1; cp. 15, 6–8 and Apotelesmatica 2, 3, 29 and 31. Cass. Dio 37, 16; 47, 28; Tacitus, Hist. 5, 9, 1; LXX; EpArist 4 and12; Philo, Leg. ad Gai. 200; Joseph.; Just., D. 32, 4.—On the NT: ELevesque, Vivre et Penser 3, ’43/44, 104–11 denies the wider use) Lk 1:5; 4:44 (v.l. Γαλιλαίας, s. the entry, end); 7:17; 23:5; Ac 10:37; 11:1, 29; 1 Th 2:14. πᾶσα ἡ χώρα τῆς Ἰ. the whole Judean (Jewish) country Ac 26:20. εἰς τὰ ὅρια τῆς Ἰ. πέραν τοῦ Ἰορδάνου into the Judean (Jewish) territory beyond the Jordan Mt 19:1; cp. Mk 10:1. On the mention of Judea Ac 2:9 cp. the variants and conjectures in Nestle; EvDobschütz, ZWT 45, 1902, 407–10; Harnack, AG 1908, 65f; SKrauss, ZDPV 33, 1910, 225; OLagercrantz, Eranos 10, 1910, 58–60; LKöhler, ET 22, 1911, 230f. Also BZ 1, 1903, 219; 7, 1909, 219; 9, 1911, 218; ZNW 9, 1908, 253f; 255f; Haenchen ad loc.; TRE XXV 591–96.—OEANE III 253–57. M-M. EDNT. TW. -
106 Ἰσκαριώθ
Ἰσκαριώθ indecl. (Mk 3:19; 14:10; Lk 6:16; 22:47 D), and Ἰσκαριώτης, ου, ὁ (so all other passages and always t.r.; D mostly Σκαριώθ, Σκαριώτης, q.v. On the suffix YArbeitmann, JBL 99, ’80, 122–24) Iscariot, surname of Judas the informer, as well as of his father (s. Ἰούδας 6). The mng. of the word is obscure; s. Wlh. on Mk 3:19; Dalman, Jesus 26 (Eng. tr. 51f). It is usu. taken to refer to the place of his origin, from Kerioth (in southern Judea; Buhl 182) אִישׁ קְרִיּוֹת (agreeing w. this we have the v.l. ἀπὸ Καρυώτου J 6:71; 12:4 D; 13:2 D, 26 D; 14:22 D). Another interpr. connects it w. σικάριος (q.v.), ‘assassin, bandit’ (among others FSchulthess, D. Problem der Sprache Jesu 1917, 41; 55, ZNW 21, 1922, 250ff). S. also CTorrey, HTR 36, ’43, 51–62 (‘false one’). Mt 10:4; 26:14; Mk 14:43 v.l.; Lk 22:3; J 6:71; 12:4; 13:2, 26; 14:22; GEb 34, 61.—HIngholt, Iscariot: JPedersen Festschr. ’53; BGärtner, D. rätselhafte Termini Nazaräer u. Iskarioth ’57, 37–68; OCullmann, RHPR 42, ’62, 133–40; KLüthi, J. Isk. in d. Geschichte der Auslegung (Reformation to present) ’55.—M-M. -
107 Ῥαμά
Ῥαμά, ἡ indecl. (רָמָה; Judg 19:13; 3 Km 15:17.—Jos., Ant. 8, 303f has Ἀρμαθών, ῶνος; Just., D. 78, 8 ἐν Ῥαμᾶ … ἀπὸ Ῥαμᾶ) Rama, a city in the tribe of Benjamin, about 8 km north of Jerusalem Mt 2:18 (Jer 38:15). Buhl, Geogr. 172; Dalman, Orte3 29. BHHW III 1548f. -
108 Bühel
m (6), Bühl m (1) təpə, qabarıq
См. также в других словарях:
Bühl — ist eine altertümliche Bezeichnung für Hügel dort auch zur Namenkunde Bühl ist der Name folgender geografischer Orte: Orte: in Baden Württemberg: Bühl (Eglofs), Ortsteil der Gemeinde Argenbühl, Landkreis Ravensburg Bühl (Baden), Stadt im… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Buhl — heißen die Orte Buhl (Bas Rhin), eine Gemeinde im Unterelsass, Frankreich Buhl (Haut Rhin), eine Gemeinde im Oberelsass, Frankreich Buhl Lorraine, eine Gemeinde in Frankreich Buhl (Alabama), ein Ort in den USA Buhl (Idaho), ein Ort in den USA… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Buhl — ia a decorative type of marquetry of patterned inlays of brass or tortoiseshell, or (occasionally) other materials, used on chiefly French furniture, from the 17th century. The word is the German spelling of Boulle and is used chiefly in American … Wikipedia
Bühl — Buhl Cette page d’homonymie répertorie les différents sujets et articles partageant un même nom. Buhl, commune française du Bas Rhin Buhl, commune française du Haut Rhin Buhl Lorraine, commune française de la Moselle Bühl, commune suisse du… … Wikipédia en Français
Buhl — Buhl, ID U.S. city in Idaho Population (2000): 3985 Housing Units (2000): 1689 Land area (2000): 1.683518 sq. miles (4.360292 sq. km) Water area (2000): 0.000000 sq. miles (0.000000 sq. km) Total area (2000): 1.683518 sq. miles (4.360292 sq. km)… … StarDict's U.S. Gazetteer Places
Bühl — 〈m. 1〉 Hügel; oV Bühel [<ahd. buhil; zu idg. *bheuk „schwellen, bucklig, rund“] * * * Bühl, der; [e]s, e, Bühel, der; s, [mhd. bühel, ahd. buhil, H. u.] (südd., schweiz. mundartl., österr.): Hügel. * * * Buhl, Hermann, österreichischer… … Universal-Lexikon
Bühl 3 — (Affoltern,Швейцария) Категория отеля: Адрес: Bühl 3, 3416 Affoltern, Швейцария … Каталог отелей
Buhl — Buhl, Buhlwork Buhl work, n. [From A. Ch. Boule, a French carver in wood.] Decorative woodwork in which tortoise shell, yellow metal, white metal, etc., are inlaid, forming scrolls, cartouches, etc. [Written also {boule}, {boulework}.] [1913… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Buhl, ID — U.S. city in Idaho Population (2000): 3985 Housing Units (2000): 1689 Land area (2000): 1.683518 sq. miles (4.360292 sq. km) Water area (2000): 0.000000 sq. miles (0.000000 sq. km) Total area (2000): 1.683518 sq. miles (4.360292 sq. km) FIPS code … StarDict's U.S. Gazetteer Places
Buhl, MN — U.S. city in Minnesota Population (2000): 983 Housing Units (2000): 432 Land area (2000): 3.287491 sq. miles (8.514561 sq. km) Water area (2000): 0.241620 sq. miles (0.625792 sq. km) Total area (2000): 3.529111 sq. miles (9.140353 sq. km) FIPS… … StarDict's U.S. Gazetteer Places
Bühl — Bühl, 1) Bezirksamt im badischen Kreise Mittelrhein, am Schwarzwalde; 41 QM., 27,500 Ew.; 2) Marktflecken u. Amtsort darin, Rath u. Amtshaus, Gerberei u. Saffianfabrik; 2800 Ew. Dabei das Bühlerthal, Thal wie ein Schweizerthal; 3000 Ew.;… … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
