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41 Bessemer steel
Bessemer çeligi -
42 bessemer convertor
bessemer konvertisörü -
43 bessemer iron
bessemer demiri -
44 bessemer pig iron
bessemer fontu -
45 bessemer process
bessemer işlemi -
46 bessemer steel
bessemer çeliği -
47 Bessemer, Sir Henry
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 19 January 1813 Charlton (near Hitchin), Hertfordshire, Englandd. 15 January 1898 Denmark Hill, London, England[br]English inventor of the Bessemer steelmaking process.[br]The most valuable part of Bessemer's education took place in the workshop of his inventor father. At the age of only 17 he went to London to seek his fortune and set himself up in the trade of casting art works in white metal. He went on to the embossing of metals and other materials and this led to his first major invention, whereby a date was incorporated in the die for embossing seals, thus preventing the wholesale forgeries that had previously been committed. For this, a grateful Government promised Bessemer a paid position, a promise that was never kept; recognition came only in 1879 with a belated knighthood. Bessemer turned to other inventions, mainly in metalworking, including a process for making bronze powder and gold paint. After he had overcome technical problems, the process became highly profitable, earning him a considerable income during the forty years it was in use.The Crimean War presented inventors such as Bessemer with a challenge when weaknesses in the iron used to make the cannon became apparent. In 1856, at his Baxter House premises in St Paneras, London, he tried fusing cast iron with steel. Noticing the effect of an air current on the molten mixture, he constructed a reaction vessel or converter in which air was blown through molten cast iron. There was a vigorous reaction which nearly burned the house down, and Bessemer found the iron to be almost completely decarburized, without the slag threads always present in wrought iron. Bessemer had in fact invented not only a new process but a new material, mild steel. His paper "On the manufacture of malleable iron and steel without fuel" at the British Association meeting in Cheltenham later that year created a stir. Bessemer was courted by ironmasters to license the process. However, success was short-lived, for they found that phosphorus in the original iron ore passed into the metal and rendered it useless. By chance, Bessemer had used in his trials pig-iron, derived from haematite, a phosphorus-free ore. Bessemer tried hard to overcome the problem, but lacking chemical knowledge he resigned himself to limiting his process to this kind of pig-iron. This limitation was removed in 1879 by Sidney Gilchrist Thomas, who substituted a chemically basic lining in the converter in place of the acid lining used by Bessemer. This reacted with the phosphorus to form a substance that could be tapped off with the slag, leaving the steel free from this harmful element. Even so, the new material had begun to be applied in engineering, especially for railways. The open-hearth process developed by Siemens and the Martin brothers complemented rather than competed with Bessemer steel. The widespread use of the two processes had a revolutionary effect on mechanical and structural engineering and earned Bessemer around £1 million in royalties before the patents expired.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnighted 1879. FRS 1879. Royal Society of Arts Albert Gold Medal 1872.Bibliography1905, Sir Henry Bessemer FRS: An Autobiography, London.LRD -
48 Bessemer process
Bes·se·mer pro·cess[ˈbesɪmə-, AM -mɚ-]* * * -
49 Bessemer converter
periuk Bessemer -
50 Bessemer iron
besi Bessemer -
51 Bessemer process
proses Bessemer -
52 Bessemer steel
baja Bessemer -
53 Bessemer converter
Bes.se.mer con.vert.er[b'esəmə kənvə:tə] n conversor Bessemer. -
54 Bessemer process
Bes.se.mer pro.cess[b'esəmə prouses] n processo de Bessemer. -
55 Bessemer steel
Bes.se.mer steel[b'esəmə sti:l] n aço Bessemer. -
56 Bessemer converter
(met) convertizor Bessemer -
57 Bessemer converter
nHEAT, MECH ENG, PROD convertidor Bessemer m -
58 Bessemer iron
nPROD fundición Bessemer f -
59 Bessemer pig
nPROD fundición Bessemer f -
60 Bessemer process
nPROD proceso Bessemer m
См. также в других словарях:
Bessemer — ist der Name mehrerer Orte in den Vereinigten Staaten: Bessemer (Alabama) Bessemer (Florida) Bessemer (Michigan) Bessemer (North Carolina) Bessemer (Ohio) Bessemer (Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania) Bessemer (Allegheny County, Pennsylvania)… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Bessemer — is the name, or part of the name, of several places in the United States: *Bessemer, Alabama *Bessemer, Michigan *Bessemer Township, Michigan *Bessemer City, North Carolina *Bessemer, Pennsylvania *Bessemer Bend, WyomingOther things or people… … Wikipedia
bessemer — [ bɛsmɛr ] n. m. • 1886; acier bessemer 1862; nom de l inventeur ♦ Techn. Convertisseur pour transformer la fonte en acier. ● bessemer nom masculin Convertisseur inventé par sir Henry Bessemer pour transformer la fonte en acier par insufflation d … Encyclopédie Universelle
Bessemer — Bessemer, AL U.S. city in Alabama Population (2000): 29672 Housing Units (2000): 12790 Land area (2000): 40.702947 sq. miles (105.420145 sq. km) Water area (2000): 0.067247 sq. miles (0.174169 sq. km) Total area (2000): 40.770194 sq. miles… … StarDict's U.S. Gazetteer Places
Bessemer — Bessemer, Henry * * * (as used in expressions) Bessemer, proceso Bessemer, proceso básico Bessemer, Sir Henry … Enciclopedia Universal
Bessemer, AL — U.S. city in Alabama Population (2000): 29672 Housing Units (2000): 12790 Land area (2000): 40.702947 sq. miles (105.420145 sq. km) Water area (2000): 0.067247 sq. miles (0.174169 sq. km) Total area (2000): 40.770194 sq. miles (105.594314 sq. km) … StarDict's U.S. Gazetteer Places
Bessemer, MI — U.S. city in Michigan Population (2000): 2148 Housing Units (2000): 1179 Land area (2000): 5.467225 sq. miles (14.160048 sq. km) Water area (2000): 0.000000 sq. miles (0.000000 sq. km) Total area (2000): 5.467225 sq. miles (14.160048 sq. km) FIPS … StarDict's U.S. Gazetteer Places
Bessemer, PA — U.S. borough in Pennsylvania Population (2000): 1172 Housing Units (2000): 496 Land area (2000): 1.671646 sq. miles (4.329542 sq. km) Water area (2000): 0.053844 sq. miles (0.139455 sq. km) Total area (2000): 1.725490 sq. miles (4.468997 sq. km)… … StarDict's U.S. Gazetteer Places
bessemer — converter or bessemer steel (named for its English inventor, Sir Henry Bessemer) … Eponyms, nicknames, and geographical games
Bessemer — in reference to the process for decarbonizing and desiliconizing pig iron by passing air through the molten metal, 1856, named for engineer and inventor Sir Harry Bessemer (1813 1898) who invented it … Etymology dictionary
Bessemer [1] — Bessemer, 1) Ort im nordamerikan. Staat Colorado, südlich von Pueblo, mit Stahl und Schmelzwerken. – 2) Ort in Alabama, Grafschaft Jefferson, mit Stahlwerken und (1900) 6358 Einw. – 3) Stadt im nordwestlichen Michigan, Grafschaft Gogebic, mit… … Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon
