-
1 Dauerstrombelastbarkeit, f
(длительный) допустимый ток
Максимальное значение электрического тока, который может протекать длительно по проводнику, устройству или аппарату при определенных условиях без превышения определенного значения их температуры в установившемся режиме
[ ГОСТ Р МЭК 60050-826-2009]
Этот ток обозначают IZ
[ ГОСТ Р 50571. 1-2009 ( МЭК 60364-1: 2005)]EN
(continuous) current-carrying capacity
ampacity (US)
maximum value of electric current which can be carried continuously by a conductor, a device or an apparatus, under specified conditions without its steady-state temperature exceeding a specified value
[IEV number 826-11-13]
ampacity
The current in amperes that a conductor can carry continuously under the conditions of use without exceeding its temperature rating.
[National Electrical Cod]FR
courant (permanent) admissible, m
valeur maximale du courant électrique qui peut parcourir en permanence, un conducteur, un dispositif ou un appareil, sans que sa température de régime permanent, dans des conditions données, soit supérieure à la valeur spécifiée
[IEV number 826-11-13]Ampacity, the term is defined as the maximum amount of current a cable can carry before sustaining immediate or progressive deterioration. Also described as current rating or current-carrying capacity, is the RMS electric current which a device can continuously carry while remaining within its temperature rating. The ampacity of a cable depends on:
- its insulation temperature rating;
- conductor electrical properties for current;
- frequency, in the case of alternating currents;
- ability to dissipate heat, which depends on cable geometry and its surroundings;
- ambient temperature.
Electric wires have some resistance, and electric current flowing through them causes voltage drop and power dissipation, which heats the cable. Copper or aluminum can conduct a large amount of current before melting, but long before the conductors melt, their insulation would be damaged by the heat.
The ampacity for a power cable is thus based on physical and electrical properties of the material & construction of the conductor and of its insulation, ambient temperature, and environmental conditions adjacent to the cable. Having a large overall surface area may dissipate heat well if the environment can absorb the heat.
In a long run of cable, different conditions govern, and installation regulations normally specify that the most severe condition along the run governs the cable's rating. Cables run in wet or oily locations may carry a lower temperature rating than in a dry installation. Derating is necessary for multiple circuits in close proximity. When multiple cables are near, each contributes heat to the others and diminishes the amount of cooling air that can flow past the individual cables. The overall ampacity of the insulated conductors in a bundle of more than 3 must be derated, whether in a raceway or cable. Usually the de-rating factor is tabulated in a nation's wiring regulations.
Depending on the type of insulating material, common maximum allowable temperatures at the surface of the conductor are 60, 75 and 90 degrees Celsius, often with an ambient air temperature of 30°C. In the U.S., 105°C is allowed with ambient of 40°C, for larger power cables, especially those operating at more than 2 kV. Likewise, specific insulations are rated 150, 200 or 250°C.
The allowed current in cables generally needs to be decreased (derated) when the cable is covered with fireproofing material.
For example, the United States National Electric Code, Table 310-16, specifies that up to three 8 AWG copper wires having a common insulating material (THWN) in a raceway, cable, or direct burial has an ampacity of 50 A when the ambient air is 30°C, the conductor surface temperature allowed to be 75°C. A single insulated conductor in air has 70 A rating.
Ampacity rating is normally for continuous current, and short periods of overcurrent occur without harm in most cabling systems. The acceptable magnitude and duration of overcurrent is a more complex topic than ampacity.
When designing an electrical system, one will normally need to know the current rating for the following:- Wires
- Printed Circuit Board traces, where included
- Fuses
- Circuit breakers
- All or nearly all components used
Some devices are limited by power rating, and when this power rating occurs below their current limit, it is not necessary to know the current limit to design a system. A common example of this is lightbulb holders.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampacity]
Тематики
- электротехника, основные понятия
Синонимы
EN
DE
- Dauerstrombelastbarkeit, f
- Strombelastbarkeit, f
FR
- courant admissible, m
- courant permanent admissible, m
Немецко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Dauerstrombelastbarkeit, f
-
2 Strombelastbarkeit, f
(длительный) допустимый ток
Максимальное значение электрического тока, который может протекать длительно по проводнику, устройству или аппарату при определенных условиях без превышения определенного значения их температуры в установившемся режиме
[ ГОСТ Р МЭК 60050-826-2009]
Этот ток обозначают IZ
[ ГОСТ Р 50571. 1-2009 ( МЭК 60364-1: 2005)]EN
(continuous) current-carrying capacity
ampacity (US)
maximum value of electric current which can be carried continuously by a conductor, a device or an apparatus, under specified conditions without its steady-state temperature exceeding a specified value
[IEV number 826-11-13]
ampacity
The current in amperes that a conductor can carry continuously under the conditions of use without exceeding its temperature rating.
[National Electrical Cod]FR
courant (permanent) admissible, m
valeur maximale du courant électrique qui peut parcourir en permanence, un conducteur, un dispositif ou un appareil, sans que sa température de régime permanent, dans des conditions données, soit supérieure à la valeur spécifiée
[IEV number 826-11-13]Ampacity, the term is defined as the maximum amount of current a cable can carry before sustaining immediate or progressive deterioration. Also described as current rating or current-carrying capacity, is the RMS electric current which a device can continuously carry while remaining within its temperature rating. The ampacity of a cable depends on:
- its insulation temperature rating;
- conductor electrical properties for current;
- frequency, in the case of alternating currents;
- ability to dissipate heat, which depends on cable geometry and its surroundings;
- ambient temperature.
Electric wires have some resistance, and electric current flowing through them causes voltage drop and power dissipation, which heats the cable. Copper or aluminum can conduct a large amount of current before melting, but long before the conductors melt, their insulation would be damaged by the heat.
The ampacity for a power cable is thus based on physical and electrical properties of the material & construction of the conductor and of its insulation, ambient temperature, and environmental conditions adjacent to the cable. Having a large overall surface area may dissipate heat well if the environment can absorb the heat.
In a long run of cable, different conditions govern, and installation regulations normally specify that the most severe condition along the run governs the cable's rating. Cables run in wet or oily locations may carry a lower temperature rating than in a dry installation. Derating is necessary for multiple circuits in close proximity. When multiple cables are near, each contributes heat to the others and diminishes the amount of cooling air that can flow past the individual cables. The overall ampacity of the insulated conductors in a bundle of more than 3 must be derated, whether in a raceway or cable. Usually the de-rating factor is tabulated in a nation's wiring regulations.
Depending on the type of insulating material, common maximum allowable temperatures at the surface of the conductor are 60, 75 and 90 degrees Celsius, often with an ambient air temperature of 30°C. In the U.S., 105°C is allowed with ambient of 40°C, for larger power cables, especially those operating at more than 2 kV. Likewise, specific insulations are rated 150, 200 or 250°C.
The allowed current in cables generally needs to be decreased (derated) when the cable is covered with fireproofing material.
For example, the United States National Electric Code, Table 310-16, specifies that up to three 8 AWG copper wires having a common insulating material (THWN) in a raceway, cable, or direct burial has an ampacity of 50 A when the ambient air is 30°C, the conductor surface temperature allowed to be 75°C. A single insulated conductor in air has 70 A rating.
Ampacity rating is normally for continuous current, and short periods of overcurrent occur without harm in most cabling systems. The acceptable magnitude and duration of overcurrent is a more complex topic than ampacity.
When designing an electrical system, one will normally need to know the current rating for the following:- Wires
- Printed Circuit Board traces, where included
- Fuses
- Circuit breakers
- All or nearly all components used
Some devices are limited by power rating, and when this power rating occurs below their current limit, it is not necessary to know the current limit to design a system. A common example of this is lightbulb holders.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampacity]
Тематики
- электротехника, основные понятия
Синонимы
EN
DE
- Dauerstrombelastbarkeit, f
- Strombelastbarkeit, f
FR
- courant admissible, m
- courant permanent admissible, m
Немецко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Strombelastbarkeit, f
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3 Dränung
грунтовой дренаж
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
subsoil drainage
The removal of surplus water from within the soil by natural or artificial means, such as by drains placed below the surface to lower the water table below the root zone. (Source: BJGEO)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
FR
дрена
Подземный искусственный водоток, труба, канава, полость для понижения уровня, сбора и отвода грунтовых вод
[Терминологический словарь по строительству на 12 языках (ВНИИИС Госстроя СССР)]EN
DE
FR
дренаж
Отвод грунтовых вод с помощью системы подземных водотоков (дрен) или открытых канав и лотков
[Терминологический словарь по строительству на 12 языках (ВНИИИС Госстроя СССР)]
дренаж
Устройства для сбора и отвода профильтровавшихся и подземных вод
[ ГОСТ 19185-73]
дренаж
Устройство для сбора и отвода профильтровавшихся вод.
[РД 01.120.00-КТН-228-06]
дренаж
Устройство для частичного или полного перехвата фильтрационного потока в основании или внутри водоподпорного сооружения, сбора и отвода профильтровавшихся вод.
[СО 34.21.308-2005]
дренаж
Часть мембранного элемента, расположенная непосредственно под мембраной и обеспечивающая её целостность и отвод от неё проникающего пермеата. Необходимые свойства Д. – незжимаемость, гладкость поверхности и пористость.
[РХТУ им. Д.И. Менделеева, кафедра мембранной технологии]
Тематики
EN
DE
FR
Немецко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Dränung
-
4 Meereslagerstättenabbau
разработка ресурсов морского дна
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
sea bed mining
The activity or processes involving the extraction of mineral deposits from the surface, or below the surface, of the ocean floor. (Source: MLM)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
FR
Немецко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Meereslagerstättenabbau
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5 Grundwasser
воды грунтовые
Подземные воды первого от поверхности земли постоянного водоносного горизонта, образующиеся главным образом за счёт просачивания в грунт атмосферных и поверхностных вод
[Терминологический словарь по строительству на 12 языках (ВНИИИС Госстроя СССР)]Тематики
EN
DE
FR
воды подземные
Воды, находящиеся в горных породах земной коры в любых физических состояниях.
[Терминологический словарь по строительству на 12 языках (ВНИИИС Госстроя СССР)]
воды подземные
Находятся в почвах и горных породах земной коры в любых физических состояниях, включая и химически связанную.
[ Словарь геологических терминов и понятий. Томский Государственный Университет]Тематики
- геология, геофизика
Обобщающие термины
EN
DE
FR
подземные воды
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
groundwater
Water that occupies pores and crevices in rock and soil, below the surface and above a layer of impermeable material. It is free to move gravitationally, either downwards towards the impermeable layer or by following a gradient. (Source: ALL)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
FR
Немецко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Grundwasser
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6 Wasserkatastrophe
гидрологическое бедствие
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
hydrologic disaster
Violent, sudden and destructive change either in the quality of the earth's water or in the distribution or movement of water on land, below the surface or in the atmosphere. (Source: ISEP / APD)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
FR
Немецко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Wasserkatastrophe
-
7 unterirdische Entsorgung
захоронение отходов в грунт
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
underground disposal
The discharge, dumping or emission of wastes below the surface of the soil. (Source: RHW)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
FR
Немецко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > unterirdische Entsorgung
-
8 Grünland
пастбищные угодья
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
grassland
Grassland cover nearly one-fifth of the Earth's land surface. They include savannah, the prairies of North America, and the steppes of Russia and Central Asia. Grassland ecosystems support thousands of different species, above and below the ground, and have a vital part to play maintaining the ecological balance of the world. (Source: WRIGHT)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
FR
Немецко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Grünland
-
9 Unterwasserabfluß
подводный сток
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
underwater outlet
Point of water disposal located below the sea surface. (Source: LANDYa)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
FR
Немецко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Unterwasserabfluß
-
10 unterirdischer Steinbruch
подземная каменоломня
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
underground quarry
Quarry located below the surface of the earth. (Source: CAMB)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
FR
Немецко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > unterirdischer Steinbruch
См. также в других словарях:
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below the surface — index latent Burton s Legal Thesaurus. William C. Burton. 2006 … Law dictionary
Surface tension — Sur face ten sion (Physics) That property, due to molecular forces, which exists in the surface film of all liquids and tends to bring the contained volume into a form having the least superficial area. The thickness of this film, amounting to… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
surface analysis — ▪ chemistry Introduction in analytical chemistry (chemistry), the study of that part of a solid that is in contact with a gas or a vacuum. When two phases of matter are in contact, they form an interface. The term surface is usually… … Universalium
surface — surfaceless, adj. surfacer, n. /serr fis/, n., adj., v., surfaced, surfacing. n. 1. the outer face, outside, or exterior boundary of a thing; outermost or uppermost layer or area. 2. any face of a body or thing: the six surfaces of a cube. 3.… … Universalium
surface coating — ▪ chemistry Introduction any mixture of film forming materials plus pigments, solvents, and other additives, which, when applied to a surface and cured or dried, yields a thin film that is functional and often decorative. Surface coatings… … Universalium
