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1 ita
adv. 2 very, extremely PE17:112. Like \#1 above, this element emerged as part of Tolkiens efforts to explain the initial element of the name Idril Q Itaril, so it is questionable if \#1 and \#2 were ever meant to coexist in the same version of Quenya. 3 pron that which VT49:12, emended from tai \#1, q.v. The form ita is compounded from the relative pronoun i + the pronoun ta that, it. -
2 íta
noun "a flash" PM:363 adv. 2 very, extremely PE17:112. Like \#1 above, this element emerged as part of Tolkiens efforts to explain the initial element of the name Idril Q Itaril, so it is questionable if \#1 and \#2 were ever meant to coexist in the same version of Quenya. -
3 axë
ks noun neck the bony part of the neck, not including throat, pl. axi given. Also sg. acas the alternative form axë is said to be later and seems to be an analogical back-formation from the pl. axi. The word is also used geographically of rock ridges. PE17:92 -
4 quentalë
"q" noun "account, history" KWET, "narration, History" as abstract, but the word may also be used with a particular reference, as in quentalë Noldoron or quentalë Noldorinwa "the history of the Noldor", referring to the real events rather than an account of them: "that part of universal History which concerned the Noldor". VT39:16; in this source the spelling really is "quentale" rather than "qentale" -
5 Rómen
noun "east" RŌ, MEN, SA:men, "uprising, sunrise, east" SA:rómen; also name of tengwa \#25 Appendix E. Possessive form rómenwa PE17:59.Variant hrómen, PE17:18. Rómenna, a place in the eastern part of Númenor, is simply the allative "eastward" SA:rómen, cf. also rómenna in LR:47, 56. Ablative Rómello "from the East" or "to one from the East", hence Tolkien's translation "to those from the East" in his rendering of Namárië Nam, RGEO:67, PE17:59; Romello with a short o in VT49:32. Masc. name Rómendacil "East-victor" Appendix A; cf. Letters:425. Masc. name Rómestámo, Rómenstar "East-helper" PM:384, 391; probably ?Rómenstar must always become Rómestar, but Tolkien cited the form as Rómenstar to indicate the connection with rómen "east" -
6 manda
variant of mando q.v., only attested as part of the name Angamanda q.v. -
7 yo
conj. and, often used between two items of any part of speech that were by nature or custom clearly associated, like the names of spouses Manwë yo Varda, or sword and sheath *macil yo vainë, bow and arrows *quinga yo pilindi, or groups like Elves and Men Eldar yo Fírimor but contrast eldain a fírimoin dative forms in FS, where Tolkien joins the words with a, seemingly simply a variant of the common conjunction ar. In one source, yo is apparently a preposition "with" yo hildinyar = *"with my heirs", SD:56. -
8 Eldalië
noun "the Elven-folk" often used vaguely to mean all the race of Elves, though it properly did not include the Avari WJ:374, ÉLED; possessive Eldaliéva in the name Mindon Eldaliéva, q.v. Qenya genitive in -n in Eldalien as part of the title Quenta Eldalien History of the Elves SD:303. -
9 lúva
noun "bow, bight; bend, bow, curve" Appendix E, PE17:122, 168. The reference is to a "bow" as part of written characters and other uses, but not for shooting a bow used to shoot arrows is called quinga, possibly also cú if the latter term is used as in Sindarin. -
10 róma
1 noun "horn" WJ:368 - this refers to a "horn" as an instrument rather than as part of an animal; see rassë, tarca.Loose compound Oromë róma an Oromë horn, sc. one of Orome's horns if he had more than one WJ:368. 2 noun "loud sound, trumpet-sound" ROM. In the pre-classical Tengwar system presupposed in the Etymologies, róma was also the name of tengwa \#30, which letter Tolkien would later call silmë nuquerna instead. 3 noun "shoulder" LT2:335; evidently obsoleted by \# 1 and \# 2 above. -
11 -dil
ending that Tolkien likened to Old English "-wine", sc. "-friend" as part of names, e.g. Elendil, Eärendil NIL/NDIL; see the entry -ndil. Also long -dildo VT46:4, and possibly -ndilmë as the corresponding feminine form see Vardilmë. -
12 -ndil
ending that Tolkien likened to Old English "-wine", sc. "-friend" as part of names, e.g. Elendil, Eärendil NIL/NDIL; see the entry -ndil. Also long -dildo VT46:4, and possibly -ndilmë as the corresponding feminine form see Vardilmë. also -dil ending occurring in many names, like Amandil, Eärendil; it implies devotion or disinterested love and may be translated "friend" SA:noundil; this ending is "describing the attitude of one to a person, thing, course or occupation to which one is devoted for its own sake" Letters:386. Compare -ndur. It is unclear whether the names derived with the ending -ndil are necessarily masculine, though we have no certain example of a woman's name in -ndil; the name Vardilmë q.v. may suggest that the corresponding feminine ending is -ndilmë. -
13 acas
k noun neck the bony part of the neck, not including throat, pl. axi ks and so perhaps general stem-form ax-. Also sg. axë said to be a later form apparently replacing acas. The word is also used geographically of rock ridges. PE17:92 -
14 lassë
noun "leaf"; pl. lassi is attested Nam, RGEO:66, Letters:283, LASsup1/sup, LT1:254, VT39:9, Narqelion; gen. lassëo "of a leaf", gen. pl. lassion "of leaves" earlier lassio WJ:407. The word lassë was only applied to certain kinds of leaves, especially those of trees PE17:62, perhaps particularly ear-shaped leaves cf. the entry LASsup1/sup in the Etymologies, where Tolkien comments on the pointed or leaf-shaped Elvish ears and suggests an etymological connection between words for ear and leaf; see also linquë \#3. Compound lasselanta "leaf-fall", used as was quellë for the latter part of autumn and the beginning of winter Appendix D, Letters:428; hence Lasselanta alternative name of October PM:135. Cf. also lassemista "leaf-grey, grey-leaved" LotR2:III ch. 4, translated in Letters:224, PE17:62, lassewinta a variant of lasselanta PM:376. Adj. laicalassë green as leaves PE17:56. See also lillassëa, lantalasselingëa. -
15 asta
1 noun "month", a division of the year VT42:20. Pl. astar is attested Appendix D. According to VT48:11, the basic meaning of asta is "division, a part", especially one of other equal parts: "of the year, a month or period". According to VT48:19, asta is also used in Quenya as a group suffix see quentasta. -
16 metta
noun "end"; Ambar-metta "world-end, the end of the world" EO; mettarë *"end-day" = New Years' Eve in the Númenórean calendar and the Steward's Reckoning, not belonging to any month Appendix D. The word Mettanyë, heading the final part of the poem The Trees of Kortirion, would seem to be related LT1:43 -
17 entya
adj. "central, middle" VT41:16; these forms, as well as the noun entë "centre", come from a late, somewhat confused source; the adjective \#endëa and the noun endë from earlier material may fit the general system better, and \#endëa is even found in the LotR itself as part of the word atendëa, q.v. -
18 ranta
noun "part. Pl. rantali attested. PE14:117 -
19 -ina
ending for what Tolkien called "general 'passive' participle" VT43:15; compare nótina counted, rácina broken, hastaina marred q.v.. The stem-vowel is usually lengthened when the ending is added to the stem of a primary verb as in the two first examples above, though the lengthening fails to occur or is not denoted in carina as the passive participle of car- make, do VT43:15. A shorter ending -na also occurs, e.g. nahtana slain VT49:24; the example hastaina marred would suggest that *nahtaina is equally possible. In the example aistana "blessed" VT43:30, -na may be preferred to -ina for euphonic reasons, to avoid creating a second diphthong ai where one already occurs in the previous syllable *aistaina. In PE17:68, the ending -ina is said to be aorist unmarked as regards time and aspect; the same source states that the shorter ending -na is no longer part of verbal conjugation, though it obviously survives in many words that are maybe now to be considered independent adjectives. See -na \#4. -
20 apsene-
vb. "remit, release, forgive" VT43:18, 20; it is unclear whether the final -e is somehow part of the verbal stem or is just the final form of the ending -i associated with the aorist, so that "I forgive" would be *apsenin. Where Tolkien used apsene-, he cited the persons forgiven in the dative áumen/u apsenë "forgive us", literally "ufor us/u", whereas the matter that is forgiven appears as a direct object VT43:12. Compare avatyar-.
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См. также в других словарях:
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