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1 вырубка и сжигание леса как метод увеличения сельскохозяйственных площадей
вырубка и сжигание леса как метод увеличения сельскохозяйственных площадей
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
slash and burn culture
A traditional farming system that has been used by generations of farmers in tropical forests and the savannah of north and east Africa. It is known to be an ecologically sound form of cultivation, and because the soil is poor in tropical rain forests it is a sustainable method of farming. It is still practised today, primarily in the developing countries. Small areas of bush or forests are cleared and the smaller trees burned. This unlocks the nutrients in the vegetation and gives the soil fertilizer that is easily taken up by plants. A few years later the soil is degraded and the farmer moves on to do the same at another site. The original ground is left fallow for anything up to 20 years so that the forest can regenerate. With the growth in population and in the subsequent need for more farming land to produce food, the method is increasingly being used today to clear large areas of tropical forests for cattle ranching, and in most cases the ground is not left fallow for long enough and, with modern mechanized farming systems, not enough tree stumps or suitable habitats for plant life are left to start the regeneration process. (Source: WRIGHT)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > вырубка и сжигание леса как метод увеличения сельскохозяйственных площадей
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2 лесовосстановление
лесовосстановление
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
reforestation
The planting of trees in forest areas which have been cleared. Reforestation has become increasingly important for preventing or reversing environmental degradation and for helping to maximize economic returns on commercially forested lands. (Source: WRIGHT)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > лесовосстановление
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3 маквис
маквис
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
maquis
A low evergreen shrub formation, usually found on siliceous soils in the Mediterranean lands where winter rainfall and summer drought are the characteristic climate features. It consists of a profusion of aromatic species, such as lavender, myrtle, oleander and rosemary and often includes abundant spiny shrubs. It has been suggested that the maquis is a secondary vegetation, occupying the lands cleared of their natural evergreen oak forests by human activity. (Source: WHIT)
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Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > маквис
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4 разрушение природной среды
разрушение природной среды
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
habitat destruction
Destruction of wildlife habitats by increasing pressure for land by fast-growing human populations, pollution and over-exploitation. Whole species or populations of plants and animals have disappeared causing a loss of genetic resource that is not only regrettable from an aesthetic or philosophical point of view but also threatens man's food supply. Habitat loss takes several forms: outright loss of areas used by wild species; degradation, for example, from vegetation removal and erosion, which deprive native species of food, shelter, and breeding areas; and fragmentation, when native species are squeezed onto small patches of undisturbed land surrounded by areas cleared for agriculture and other purposes. (Source: WPR / WRES)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > разрушение природной среды
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5 резервная защита (в релейной защите)
резервная защита
Защита, предназначенная срабатывать, когда повреждение в системе не устранено или анормальный режим не обнаружен в течение заданного времени по причине отказа или неработоспособности другой защиты или отказа соответствующего выключателя (соответствующих выключателей).
[Разработка типовых структурных схем микропроцессорных устройств РЗА на объектах ОАО "ФКС ЕЭС". Пояснительная записка. Новосибирск 2006 г.]EN
backup protection
protection which is intended to operate when a system fault is not cleared, or abnormal condition not detected, in the required time because of failure or inability of other protection to operate or failure of the appropriate circuit-breaker(s) to trip
Note – In the USA, the term "backup protection" designates a form of protection that operates independently of specified devices in the main protection system. The backup protection may duplicate the main protection or may be intended to operate only if the main protection system fails or is temporarily out of service.
[IEV ref 448-11-14]FR
protection de secours
protection destinée à fonctionner lorsqu'un défaut n'est pas éliminé, ou qu'une situation anormale n'est pas détectée, dans le délai imparti, à cause d'une défaillance ou d'une inaptitude à fonctionner d'une autre protection, ou du non-déclenchement du ou des disjoncteurs appropriés, par suite d'une défaillance
Note – Aux Etats-Unis d'Amérique, le terme anglais "backup protection" désigne une forme de protection qui fonctionne indépendamment des dispositifs spécifiés du système de protection principal. La protection de secours peut fonctionner en même temps que la protection principale ou peut être destinée à ne fonctionner que si le système de protection principal est défaillant ou est temporairement hors service.
[IEV ref 448-11-14]Тематики
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- Reserveschutz, m
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Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > резервная защита (в релейной защите)
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6 тропический дождевой лес
тропический дождевой лес
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
tropical rain forest
The most valuable and the richest ecosystem on Earth. It plays a critical part in the Earth's life support systems and house 50%, and possibly as much as 90%, of all the species on Earth. It is a key storehouse of foods, oils and minerals, and a source of ingredients that make up a range of medical treatments. It also represents home and livelihood for many people. However, more than half of the rainforests have disappeared, chopped down for valuable tropical hardwoods, or cleared to provide areas for cattle grazing or human habitation. The forests play an important part in climate patterns, and deforestation is thought to be responsible for 18% of global warming. Furthermore, as they disappear there is also an albedo effect - a damaging increase in the sunlight reflected - which affects wind and rainfall patterns. (Source: WRIGHT)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > тропический дождевой лес
См. также в других словарях:
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cleared — adjective 1. rid of objects or obstructions such as e.g. trees and brush (Freq. 3) cleared land cleared streets free of fallen trees and debris a cleared passage through the underbrush played poker on the cleared dining room table • Ant:… … Useful english dictionary
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cleared hot — verb a) permission engage a target; permission granted to release, or drop weapons; permission to fire weapons Bomber 1, Youre cleared hot. b) permission, generally, to perform an action or to proceed Joe, regarding the building project, youre… … Wiktionary
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