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1 BE
Quenya uses forms of ná as the copula used to join adjectives, nouns or pronouns “in statements (or wishes) asserting (or desiring) a thing to have certain quality, or to be the same as another” (VT49:28). It may also denote a position, as in tanomë nauvan “I will be there” (VT49:19). PE17:68 mentions návë “being” as a “general infinitive” form; the gloss would suggest that návë may also be regarded as a gerund. Present tense ná “is” (Nam), pl. nar or nár ”are" (PE15:36, VT49:27, 30), dual nát (VT49:30). Also attested with various pronominal endings: nányë/nanyë “I am”, nalyë or natyë “you (sg.) are” (polite and familiar, respectively), nás “it is”, násë “(s)he is”, nalmë “we are” (VT49:27, 30). Some forms listed in VT49:27 are perhaps intended as aorist forms (nain “I am”, naityë/nailyë “you are”); VT49:30 however lists aorist forms with no intruding i (nanyë *“I am”, nalyë *”thou art”, ná “is”, nassë *”(s)he is”, nalmë *“we are”, nar “are”). Pa.t. nánë or né “was”, pl. náner/nér and dual nét “were” (VT49:6, 10, 27, 30). According to VT49:31, né “was” cannot receive pronominal endings (though nésë “he was” is attested elsewhere, VT49:28-29), and such endings are rather added to the form ane-, e.g. anen “I was”, anel “you were”, anes “(s)he/it was” (VT49:28). Future tense nauva "will be" (VT42:34, VT49:19; alternative form uva only in VT49:30) Perfect anaië “has been” (VT49:27, first written as anáyë). The form na may be used as imperative (na airë "be holy", VT43:14, alcar...na Erun "glory...be to God", VT44:34); this imperative na is apparently incorporated in the word nai "be it that" (misleading translation "maybe" in LotR). This nai can be combined with a verb to express a hope that something will happen (Nam: nai hiruvalyë Valimar, “may you find Valimar”) or if the verb is in the present rather than the future tense, that it is already happening (VT49:39: nai Eru lye mánata “God bless you” or *”may God be blessing you”). According to PE17:58, imperative na is short for á na with the imperative particle included. – Ná "is" appears with a short vowel (na) in some sources, but writers should probably maintain the long vowel to avoid confusion with the imperative na (and with the wholly distinct preposition na "to"). The short form na- may however be usual before pronominal suffixes. By one interpretation, na with a short vowel represents the aorist (VT49:27). – The word ëa is variously translated "is", "exists", "it is", "let it be". It has a more absolute meaning than ná, with reference to existence rather than being a mere copula. It may also be used (with prepositional phrases) to denote a position: i ëa han ëa “[our Father] who is beyond [the universe of] Eä” (VT43:12-14), i Eru i or ilyë mahalmar ëa “the One who is above all thrones” (UT:305). The pa.t. of this verb is engë, VT43:38, perfect engië or rarely éyë, future euva, VT49:29. – Fíriel's Song contains a word ye "is" (compare VT46:22), but its status in LotR-style Quenya is uncertain. – NOT BE, NOT DO: Also attested is the negative copula uin and umin "I do not, am not" (1st pers. aorist), pa.t. úmë. According to VT49:29, forms like ui “it is not”, uin(yë) “I am not”, uil(yë) *“you are not”, *uis *”(s)he is not” and uilmë *”we are not” are cited in a document dating from about 1968, though some of this was struck out. The monosyllable ú is used for “was not” in one text. The negation lá can be inflected for time “when verb is not expressed”. Tense-forms given: (aorist) lanyë “I do not, am not”; the other forms are cited without pronominal suffixes: present laia, past lánë, perfect alaië, future lauva, imperative ala, alá. MAY IT BE SO, see AMEN. –VT49:27-34, Nam/RGEO:67, VT43:34/An Introduction to Elvish:5, VT42:34,Silm:21/391, FS, UGU/UMU, VT49:13
См. также в других словарях:
be about to do something — phrase to be going to happen or do something very soon I was about to get undressed when there was a knock on the door. We arrived just as the ceremony was about to begin. Thesaurus: to be about to do or experience somethingsynonym Main entry:… … Useful english dictionary
bum about someone or something — in. to e depressed about someone or something. □ She’s really bum about her grades. They suck … Dictionary of American slang and colloquial expressions
about to do something — intending to do something or close to doing something very soon the ceremony was about to begin … Useful english dictionary
about\ to\ do\ something — on the point of doing something She was about to leave when the phone rang … Idioms and examples
give a shit (about someone or something) — AND give a fuck (about someone or something) tv. to care about someone or something. (Usually objectionable.) □ If you think I give a shit about you or anyone else, you’re full of shit … Dictionary of American slang and colloquial expressions
raise a stink (about someone or something) — AND make a stink (about someone or something) tv. to make a big issue about someone or something. □ You can depend on Fred to raise a stink. □ I hope you don’t plan to make a stink about the problem … Dictionary of American slang and colloquial expressions
go on (and on) about someone or something — in. to rave about someone or something endlessly. □ He just went on and on about the trouble he was having ith the post office. □ Why do you have to go on about your sister so? … Dictionary of American slang and colloquial expressions
cut up about someone or something — od. emotionally upset about someone or something. □ She was all cut up about her divorce. □ You could see how cut up she was … Dictionary of American slang and colloquial expressions
up in the air (about someone or something) — mod. undecided about someone or something. □ I’m sort of up in the air about whether to marry Mary or not. □ Mary’s up in the air, too … Dictionary of American slang and colloquial expressions
give a fuck (about someone or something) — Go to give a shit (about someone or something) … Dictionary of American slang and colloquial expressions
make a stink (about someone or something) — Go to raise a stink (about someone or something) … Dictionary of American slang and colloquial expressions
