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basic+flow

  • 61 ранний отказ

    1. early failure
    2. infancy failure

    Русско-английский большой базовый словарь > ранний отказ

  • 62 νάω

    Grammatical information: v.
    Meaning: `flow, stream' (Il.).
    Other forms: ipf. νᾶε(ν) A. R., Call., ναῖον ι 222), ναύει ῥέει, βλύζει H. (Aeol.), only presentstem except διαναῦσαι δια-πλεῦσαι H. and the ptc. aor. ἀμφι-ναέντος (Emp. 84).
    Compounds: Rarely with ἀμφι-, δια-, περι.
    Derivatives: 1. ναέτωρ ῥέων, πολύρρους H., νάτωρ (S. Fr. 270); 2. νᾱρός `welding, streaming' (A. Fr. 347 = 764 Mette, S. Fr. 621); 3. νᾶμα n. `flowing water, source, stream' (trag., Pl., X., Arist.) with ναμά-τιον dimin. (Thphr.), - τιαῖος `from sources, source' (Aeschin.), - τώδης `rich in sources' (Thphr.); 4. νασμός = νᾶμα (E.), - ώδης H. -- Prob. also 5. Ναϊάς, Ion. Νηϊάς (Od., A. R., AP), Ναΐς, Ion. Νηΐς f. (Il.) `Naiade', s. below.
    Origin: XX [etym. unknown]
    Etymology: The present forms can all go back on *νάϜ-ι̯ω; the shortvocalic νᾰ́ω ( νάει, νάουσιν ζ 292, Φ 197) can as rhythmical variant stand for ναίω (Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 167). Diff. Schwyzer 686 (with Schulze Q. 51 and Bechtel Lex. 234f.): *νάϜ-ω beside *νάϜ-ι̯ω; unnecessary. The ptc. ἀμφι-ναέντος (Emp. 84) was prob. formed after ῥυέντος. -- For the in Attic usual νᾶμα (s. v. Wilamowitz on Eur. Her. 625) a basic (but doubtful) form *ναϜεμα (*νάϜημα?) seems necessary; then also νᾱρός from *ναϜερός, νασμός from *ναϜεσμός, νάτωρ from *ναϜέτωρ; cf. Bechtel l.c. -- The longvocalic να-ϊάς, - ΐς, νη-ιάς, - ίς suppose a noun *νᾱϜ-α (cf. e.g. κρήν-η: - ιάς); prop. meaning then "daughter of a source". As all nymphs are considered as daughters of Zeus, the Naiades are connected with the Dodonäic Ζεὺς Νάϊος. A source in Dodona is only mentioned in late Latin writers, and Zeus as a god of sources is unknown (v. Wilamowitz Glaube 1, 228, Nilsson Gr. Rel. 1, 426 f.); the proper meaning of Νάϊος then remains unclear. If the Naiades have something to do at all with Ζεὺς Νάϊος, their qualification as daughters of a source must be left open. Agreements to νάω outside Greek are unknown. One compares the athematic long grade Skt. present snauti `drip', with the zero grade ptc. snuta-; further connections s. νέω and νήχω. Cf. also Νηρεύς.
    Page in Frisk: 2, 294

    Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > νάω

  • 63 σῶμα

    Grammatical information: n.
    Meaning: `living or dead body' (Il.; in Hom. the meaning `corpse' is necessary or possible; cf. Herter Charites E. Langlotz gewidmet [Berlin 1957] 206ff. w. lit.), `person' (Att. etc.), `slave' (hell. a. late.; on development and spread of the meaning E. Kretschmer Glotta 18, 80 f.); metaph. `totality' (A., Pl., Arist. etc.), `text of a document' (pap.).
    Compounds: Compp., e.g. σωματο-φύλαξ `bodyguard' (hell. a. late); univerbation σωμ-ασκ-ία f. `bodily exercise' (Pl., X. a.o.) from σῶμα ἀσκέω; to this as backformation σω-μασκ-έω `to do bodily exercise' (X., Plb. etc.); τρι-σώματος `three-bodied' (A., E.), late τρί-σωμος `id.' (An. Ox.); on the stemvariation s. Schwyzer 450.
    Derivatives: 1. Dimin. σωμάτ-ιον n. (Pl. Com., Arist. etc.; mostly depreciatory). 2. - ίδιον n. `text of a document' (pap.). 3. - εῖον n. `corporate body, college' ( Cod. Just.). 4. - ικός `bodily' (Arist. etc.), - ινος `id.' (gloss.), - ώδης `bodily' (Arist. a.o.). 5. - όομαι, - όω ( ἐν-, ὑπο-) `to be embodied, to embody' (Arist., Thphr. a.o.) with - ωσις f. (Thphr. a.o.). 6. - ίζω ( δια-, ἐν-) `to edit a text' with - ισμός m. (pap.).
    Origin: XX [etym. unknown]
    Etymology: For `body' the IE languages have several expressions, of which only Lat. corpus a. cogn. (e.g. Skt. kr̥p-) has found a wide use and can claim a high date. A convincing connection for the Greek formation σῶ-μα has not been found. Formally resemble both σω-λήν and σω-ρός; if one connects the last, σῶμα must continue *tu̯ō-mn̥ with a basic meaning `compactness, swelling' (since Froehde BB 14, 108). Other proposals, all for diff. reasons doubtable or uncertain: from *σῶπ-μα to σήπομαι, σαπρός (Wackernagel KZ 30, 298f. = Kl. Schr. 1, 661 f.); to ἐπί-σσωτρον (Schwyzer 523; asking); from *[s]ti̯ō-mn̥ "what becomes stiff" to Skt. styā- `flow, get stiff' (Thieme KZ 78, 114 A. 4); to σίνομαι (abl. sō[i]-: sī-) as `object of σίνεσθαι' (Koller Glotta 37, 276 ff.; agreeing Harrison The Phoenix 14, 64). -- Cf. σωρός; also W.-Hofmann s. tōmentum.
    Page in Frisk: 2,842-843

    Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σῶμα

  • 64 Kaplan, Viktor

    [br]
    b. 27 November 1876 Mutz, Austria
    d. 23 August 1834 Unterach, Austria
    [br]
    Austrian engineer, inventor of the Kaplan turbine.
    [br]
    Kaplan was educated at the Realschule in Vienna and went on to the Technische Hochschule to study machine construction, gaining his engineer's diploma in 1900. He spent a year in voluntary service in the Navy before entering Ganz \& Co. at Lebersdorf, where he was engaged in the manufacture of diesel engines. In 1903 he turned to an academic career, first with a professorship in kinematics, theoretical machine studies and machine construction at the Technische Hochschule in Brunn (now Brno). In 1918 he became Professor of Water Turbine Construction, remaining as such until his early retirement for health reasons in 1931.
    Kaplan's first publication on turbines, in 1908, was an extension of work carried out for his doctorate at the Technische Hochschule in Vienna and concerned the Francis-type turbine. Kaplan went on to develop and patent the form of water turbine that came to bear his name. It is a reaction turbine which uses a large flow on a low head and which is made like a ship's propeller with variable-pitch vanes running in a close-fitting casing. Its application was neglected at first, but since the 1920s it has become the basic turbine for most high-powered hydroelectric plant: the turbines have been capable of around 85 per cent efficiency and modern developments have raised this figure still further. Perhaps the most impressive application of the Kaplan turbine and its derivatives is the great tidal-power scheme in the estuary of the Rance by St-Malo in France, completed in 1966. The turbines probably have to meet a greater demand for flexibility than any others, for they must operate at constant speed with variable head, as the tide ebbs and flows.
    LRD

    Biographical history of technology > Kaplan, Viktor

  • 65 масса

    масса сущ
    1. mass
    2. weight бортовая система определения массы и центровки
    onboard weight and balance system
    взлетная масса
    1. takeoff weight
    2. takeoff mass воздушная масса
    air mass
    воздушное судно небольшой массы
    light aircraft
    восходящий порыв воздушной массы
    air-up gust
    допуск на массу воздушного судна
    aircraft weight tolerance
    допустимая посадочная масса
    1. allowable landing weight
    2. aircraft operational empty weight завихрение воздушной массы
    whirlwind
    избыточная масса
    1. overweight
    2. excess weight исходная масса пустого воздушного судна
    basic empty weight
    коммерческая загрузка, ограниченная по массе
    weight limited payload
    максимальная сертифицированная взлетная масса
    maximum certificate takeoff mass
    максимально допустимая взлетная масса
    maximum takeoff weight
    максимально допустимая масса
    1. authorized weight
    2. maximum permitted weight максимально допустимая масса при стоянке
    maximum ramp mass
    максимально допустимая масса при стоянке на перроне
    maximum apron mass
    максимально допустимая посадочная масса
    maximum permitted landing weight
    масса без топлива
    1. zero fuel mass
    2. zero fuel weight масса конструкции
    1. deadload
    2. dead load масса при начальном наборе высоты
    climbout weight
    масса пустого воздушного судна
    1. base weight
    2. aircraft empty weight 3. empty weight масса пустого воздушного судна при поставке
    delivery empty weight
    масса снаряженного воздушного судна без пассажиров
    aircraft operational weight
    нисходящий порыв воздушной массы
    air-down gust
    общая взлетная масса
    takeoff gross weight
    общая масса
    1. combined mass
    2. gross mass 3. aggregate weight 4. gross weight ограничение по массе
    weight limitation
    ориентировочная масса
    tentative weight
    плотность массы
    mass density
    полетная масса
    1. airborne weight
    2. flying weight полная взлетная масса
    allowable takeoff weight
    полная масса
    wet weight
    полная полетная масса
    1. all-up weight
    2. all-up mass поправка на взлетную массу
    takeoff mass correction
    поправка на массу
    mass correction
    поправка на массу при заходе на посадку
    approach mass correction
    порыв воздушной массы
    air gust
    посадка с превышением допустимой посадочной массы
    overweight landing
    посадочная масса
    1. landing weight
    2. landing mass 3. touchdown weight предел ограничения массы
    limiting range of mass
    радиозондовое наблюдение за состоянием воздушных масс
    rawinsonde observation
    разбивка массы
    mass breakdown
    распределение массы
    1. mass distribution
    2. weight distribution расход массы
    mass flow
    расчетная взлетная масса
    1. design takeoff mass
    2. design takeoff weight расчетная масса
    1. estimated weight
    2. calculated mass расчетная масса при рулении
    design taxiing mass
    расчетная полетная масса
    design flight weight
    расчетная посадочная масса
    1. design landing mass
    2. design landing weight рулежная масса
    taxi weight
    сертифицированная взлетная масса
    certificated takeoff weight
    система сборов по фактической массе
    weight system
    (багажа или груза) скорость движения воздушной массы
    air velocity
    температура возмущенной воздушной массы
    static air temperature
    транспортировочная масса
    shipping weight
    угол входа воздушной массы
    angle of indraft
    устойчивость воздушной массы
    air stability
    центр масс
    center of mass
    шасси, выпускающееся под действием собственной массы
    free-fall landing gear
    эксплуатационная масса
    operating mass
    энергия порыва воздушной массы
    gust load

    Русско-английский авиационный словарь > масса

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