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basic+compound

  • 1 Colours

    Not all English colour terms have a single exact equivalent in French: for instance, in some circumstances brown is marron, in others brun. If in doubt, look the word up in the dictionary.
    Colour terms
    what colour is it?
    = c’est de quelle couleur? or (more formally) de quelle couleur est-il?
    it’s green
    = il est vert or elle est verte
    to paint sth green
    = peindre qch en vert
    to dye sth green
    = teindre qch en vert
    to wear green
    = porter du vert
    dressed in green
    = habillé de vert
    Colour nouns are all masculine in French:
    I like green
    = j’aime le vert
    I prefer blue
    = je préfère le bleu
    red suits her
    = le rouge lui va bien
    it’s a pretty yellow!
    = c’est un joli jaune!
    have you got it in white?
    = est-ce que vous l’avez en blanc?
    a pretty shade of blue
    = un joli ton de bleu
    it was a dreadful green
    = c’était un vert affreux
    a range of greens
    = une gamme de verts
    Most adjectives of colour agree with the noun they modify:
    a blue coat
    = un manteau bleu
    a blue dress
    = une robe bleue
    blue clothes
    = des vêtements bleus
    Some that don’t agree are explained below.
    Words that are not true adjectives
    Some words that translate English adjectives are really nouns in French, and so don’t show agreement:
    a brown shoe
    = une chaussure marron
    orange tablecloths
    = des nappes fpl orange
    hazel eyes
    = des yeux mpl noisette
    Other French words like this include: cerise ( cherry-red), chocolat ( chocolate-brown) and émeraude ( emerald-green).
    Shades of colour
    Expressions like pale blue, dark green or light yellow are also invariable in French and show no agreement:
    a pale blue shirt
    = une chemise bleu pâle
    dark green blankets
    = des couvertures fpl vert foncé
    a light yellow tie
    = une cravate jaune clair
    bright yellow socks
    = des chaussettes fpl jaune vif
    French can also use the colour nouns here: instead of une chemise bleu pâle you could say une chemise d’un bleu pâle ; and similarly des couvertures d’un vert foncé (etc). The nouns in French are normally used to translate English adjectives of this type ending in -er and -est:
    a darker blue
    = un bleu plus foncé
    the dress was a darker blue
    = la robe était d’un bleu plus foncé
    Similarly:
    a lighter blue
    = un bleu plus clair (etc.)
    In the following examples, blue stands for most basic colour terms:
    pale blue
    = bleu pâle
    light blue
    = bleu clair
    bright blue
    = bleu vif
    dark blue
    = bleu foncé
    deep blue
    = bleu profond
    strong blue
    = bleu soutenu
    Other types of compound in French are also invariable, and do not agree with their nouns:
    a navy-blue jacket
    = une veste bleu marine
    These compounds include: bleu ciel ( sky-blue), vert pomme ( apple-green), bleu nuit ( midnight-blue), rouge sang ( blood-red) etc. However, all English compounds do not translate directly into French. If in doubt, check in the dictionary.
    French compounds consisting of two colour terms linked with a hyphen are also invariable:
    a blue-black material
    = une étoffe bleu-noir
    a greenish-blue cup
    = une tasse bleu-vert
    a greeny-yellow dress
    = une robe vert-jaune
    English uses the ending -ish, or sometimes -y, to show that something is approximately a certain colour, e.g. a reddish hat or a greenish paint. The French equivalent is -âtre:
    blue-ish
    = bleuâtre
    greenish or greeny
    = verdâtre
    greyish
    = grisâtre
    reddish
    = rougeâtre
    yellowish or yellowy
    = jaunâtre
    etc.
    Other similar French words are rosâtre, noirâtre and blanchâtre. Note however that these words are often rather negative in French. It is better not to use them if you want to be complimentary about something. Use instead tirant sur le rouge/jaune etc.
    To describe a special colour, English can add -coloured to a noun such as raspberry (framboise) or flesh (chair). Note how this is said in French, where the two-word compound with couleur is invariable, and, unlike English, never has a hyphen:
    a chocolate-coloured skirt
    = une jupe couleur chocolat
    raspberry-coloured fabric
    = du tissu couleur framboise
    flesh-coloured tights
    = un collant couleur chair
    Colour verbs
    English makes some colour verbs by adding -en (e.g. blacken). Similarly French has some verbs in -ir made from colour terms:
    to blacken
    = noircir
    to redden
    = rougir
    to whiten
    = blanchir
    The other French colour terms that behave like this are: bleu (bleuir), jaune (jaunir), rose (rosir) and vert (verdir). It is always safe, however, to use devenir, thus:
    to turn purple
    = devenir violet
    Describing people
    Note the use of the definite article in the following:
    to have black hair
    = avoir les cheveux noirs
    to have blue eyes
    = avoir les yeux bleus
    Note the use of à in the following:
    a girl with blue eyes
    = une jeune fille aux yeux bleus
    the man with black hair
    = l’homme aux cheveux noirs
    Not all colours have direct equivalents in French. The following words are used for describing the colour of someone’s hair (note that les cheveux is plural in French):
    fair
    = blond
    dark
    = brun
    blonde or blond
    = blond
    brown
    = châtain inv
    red
    = roux
    black
    = noir
    grey
    = gris
    white
    = blanc
    Check other terms such as yellow, ginger, auburn, mousey etc. in the dictionary.
    Note these nouns in French:
    a fair-haired man
    = un blond
    a fair-haired woman
    = une blonde
    a dark-haired man
    = un brun
    a dark-haired woman
    = une brune
    The following words are useful for describing the colour of someone’s eyes:
    blue
    = bleu
    light blue
    = bleu clair inv
    light brown
    = marron clair inv
    brown
    = marron inv
    hazel
    = noisette inv
    green
    = vert
    grey
    = gris
    greyish-green
    = gris-vert inv
    dark
    = noir

    Big English-French dictionary > Colours

  • 2 expense

    expense [ɪk'spens]
    1 noun
    (a) (cost) dépense f, frais mpl;
    ∎ at great/little expense à grands/peu de frais;
    ∎ at no extra expense sans supplément de frais;
    ∎ regardless of expense sans regarder à la dépense;
    ∎ anything we can do to offset the expense tout ce que nous pouvons faire pour compenser le coût ou les coûts ou les frais;
    ∎ it's not so much the expense I'm worried about ce n'est pas tant le coût que cela représente qui m'inquiète;
    ∎ that's an expense I hadn't reckoned with c'est une dépense que je n'avais pas prévue;
    ∎ if it can really be done with such little expense si cela peut vraiment se faire à si peu de frais;
    ∎ the huge expense of moving house le coût énorme qu'entraîne un déménagement;
    ∎ to go to considerable expense to do sth faire beaucoup de frais pour faire qch;
    ∎ don't go to any expense over it ne vous mettez pas en frais pour cela;
    ∎ they didn't want to go to the expense of hiring a car ils ne voulaient pas faire les frais de louer une voiture;
    ∎ I don't want to put you to any expense je ne veux pas vous faire faire des dépenses;
    ∎ no expense was spared on n'a pas regardé à la dépense;
    ∎ without any thought for the expense sans penser au coût que cela représentait;
    ∎ to do sth at great personal expense faire qch à grands frais personnels;
    ∎ at (one's) own expense à (ses) propres frais;
    ∎ she had the book published at her own expense elle a publié le livre à ses frais ou à compte d'auteur;
    ∎ it's not worth the expense c'est trop cher pour ce que c'est
    (b) (expensiveness) cherté f, coût m élevé
    ∎ a joke at somebody else's expense une plaisanterie aux dépens de quelqu'un d'autre;
    ∎ at the expense of sth au détriment de qch;
    ∎ to succeed at other people's expense réussir aux dépens des autres;
    ∎ not at my expense, you won't pas à mes dépens, il n'en est pas question
    ∎ no, that's my expense non, c'est sur mon compte
    Commerce frais mpl;
    ∎ to meet/cover sb's expenses rembourser/couvrir les frais de qn;
    ∎ it's on expenses c'est l'entreprise qui paie, cela passe dans les notes de frais;
    ∎ to live on expenses vivre sur ses notes de frais, vivre aux frais de son entreprise;
    ∎ to incur expenses faire des dépenses;
    ∎ to put sth on expenses mettre qch dans les notes de frais;
    ∎ to cut down on expenses réduire les frais;
    ∎ to get expenses (be paid expenses) être indemnisé de ses frais;
    ∎ to have all expenses paid être défrayé de tout;
    ∎ travelling expenses frais mpl de déplacement;
    ∎ accommodation expenses frais mpl d'hôtel ou de séjour;
    ∎ entertainment expenses frais mpl de représentation;
    ∎ incidental expenses faux frais mpl;
    ∎ all expenses paid tous frais payés
    ►► Commerce expense account
    1 noun
    note f de frais
    (lunch, dinner) qui passe dans les notes de frais;
    ∎ the firm gives him an expense account for basic entertaining l'entreprise lui attribue une allocation pour ses frais de représentation;
    ∎ to put sth on the expense account mettre qch sur la note de frais;
    expenses budget budget m des dépenses;
    expenses claim form note f de frais

    Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > expense

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