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1 Messerschmitt, Willi E.
SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace[br]b. 26 June 1898 Frankfurt-am-Main, Germanyd. 17 September 1978 Munich, Germany[br]German aircraft designer noted for successful fighters such as the Bf 109, one of the world's most widely produced aircraft.[br]Messerschmitt studied engineering at the Munich Institute of Tchnology and obtained his degree in 1923. By 1926 he was Chief Designer at the Bayerische Flugzeugwerke in Augsburg. Due to the ban on military aircraft in Germany following the First World War, his early designs included gliders, light aircraft, and a series of high-wing airliners. He began to make a major impact on German aircraft design once Hitler came to power and threw off the shackles of the Treaty of Versailles, which so restricted Germany's armed forces. In 1932 he bought out the now-bankrupt Bayerische Flugzeugwerke, but initially, because of enmity between himself and the German aviation minister, was not invited to compete for an air force contract for a single-engined fighter. However, in 1934 Messerschmitt designed the Bf 108 Taifun, a small civil aircraft with a fighter-like appearance. This displayed the quality of his design and the German air ministry was forced to recognize him. As a result, he unveiled the famous Bf 109 fighter which first flew in August 1935; it was used during the Spanish Civil War in 1936–9, and was to become one of the foremost combat aircraft of the Second World War. In 1938, after several name changes, the company became Messerschmitt Aktien-Gesellschaft (and hence a change of prefix from Bf to Me). During April 1939 a Messerschmitt aircraft broke the world air-speed record at 755.14 km/h (469.32 mph): it was entered in the FAI records as a Bf 109R, but was more accurately a new design designated Me 209V-1.During the Second World War, the 5/70P was progressively improved, and eventually almost 35,000 were built. Other successful fighters followed, such as the twin-engined Me 110 which also served as a bomber and night fighter. The Messerschmitt Me 262 twin-engined jet fighter, the first jet aircraft in the world to enter service, flew during the early years of the war, but it was never given a high priority by the High Command and only a small number were in service when the war ended. Another revolutionary Messerschmitt AG design was the Me 163 Komet, the concept of Professor Alexander Lippisch who had joined Messerschmitt's company in 1939; this was the first rocket-propelled fighter to enter service. It was a small tailless design capable of 880 km/hr (550 mph), but its duration under power was only about 10 minutes and it was very dangerous to fly. From late 1944 onwards it was used to intercept the United States Air Force bombers during their daylight raids. At the other end of the scale, Messerschmitt produced the Me 321 Gigant, a huge transport glider which was towed behind a flight of three Me 110s. Later it was equipped with six engines, but it was an easy target for allied fighters. This was a costly white elephant, as was his high-speed twin-engined Me 210 fighter-bomber project which nearly made his company bankrupt. Nevertheless, he was certainly an innovator and was much admired by Hitler, who declared that he had "the skull of a genius", because of the Me 163 Komet rocket-powered fighter and the Me 262.At the end of the war Messerschmitt was detained by the Americans for two years. In 1952 Messerschmitt became an aviation adviser to the Spanish government, and his Bf109 was produced in Spain as the Hispano Buchon for a number of years and was powered by Rolls-Royce Merlin engines. A factory was also constructed in Egypt to produce aircraft to Messerschmitt's designs. His German company, banned from building aircraft, produced prefabricated houses, sewing machines and, from 1953 to 1962, a series of bubble-cars: the KR 175 (1953–55) and the KR 200 (1955–62) were single-cylinder three-wheeled bubble-cars, and the Tiger (1958–62) was a twin-cylinder, 500cc four-wheeler. In 1958 Messerschmitt resumed aircraft construction in Germany and later became the Honorary Chairman of the merged Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm company (now part of the Franco-German Eurocopter company).[br]Further Readingvan Ishoven, 1975, Messerschmitt. Aircraft Designer, London. J.Richard Smith, 1971, Messerschmitt. An Air-craft Album, London.Anthony Pritchard, 1975, Messerschmitt, London (describes Messerschmitt aircraft).JDS / CMBiographical history of technology > Messerschmitt, Willi E.
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2 РАЗОРУЖЕНИЕ
@противостояниеconfrontation@всеобщее и полное разоружение general and complete disarmament @ВС @военные силы armed forces @ВВС @военно-воздушные силы air forces @ВМФ @военно-морской флот naval forces @морская пехота marines @сухопутные войска land forces @пехота infantry @полк regiment @взвод platoon @рота company @личный состав personnel @звездные войны star wars @СОИ Стратегическая оборонная инициатива SDI Strategic Defense Initiative @развертывание на местах @размещение на местах @дислокация на местах deployment on site @контроль @проверка verification @поддающийся контролю verifiable @пробная инспекция trial inspection @проверка по запросу @проверка по требованию challenge inspection @обязательство commitment, obligation @устрашение deterrence @соблюдение compliance @гарантии safeguards @демонтаж dismantling @Международное агентство по атомной энергии @МАГАТЭ International Atomic Energy AgencyIAEA@Договор о частичном запрещении ядерных испытаний Limited Test-Ban Treaty @нераспространение nonproliferation @ядерный взрыв nuclear explosion @испытания ядерного оружия nuclear tests @полигон testing ground/site @РЛС @радиолокационная станция radar @упреждающий удар @превентивный удар preventive/preemptive strike @ответный удар counter/retaliatory strike @оружие массового уничтожения @оружие массового поражения @ОМУ @ОМП weapons of mass destruction WMD @взаимное гарантированное уничтожение mutual assured destruction MAD @истребитель fighter plane @бомбардировщик bomber @эсминец destroyer @тральщик minesweeper @авианосец aircraft carrier @разведывательный самолет reconnaissance aircraft @линкор battleship/warship @подводная лодка submarine @противопехотная наземная мина @ППМ antipersonnel land mine @ловушка booby trap mine @сапер deminer @разминирование demining @обезвредить мину defuse a mine @снаряд shell @обстрел shelling @миномет mortar @стрелковое оружие light arms @боеприпасы munitions @бронетранспортер @БТР armored personnel carrier @химическое оружие chemical weapons @биологическое оружие biological weapons @боевые действия hostilities @прекращение огня ceasefire @расправа retaliation @перемирие truce @комендантский час curfew @миротворчество peacemaking @миростроительство peacebuilding @принуждение к миру peace enforcement @меры по укреплению доверия confidence building measures @чрезвычайное положениеmartial law@СНВ @стратегические наступательные вооружения Strategic Offensive Weapons @ПРО @противоракетная оборона ABM (Anti-Ballistic Missile defense) @зенитный anti-aircraft @Недискриминационная конвенция о запрещении производства расщепляющихся ядерных материалов Cut-off Treaty (ban on production of fissile material for nuclear or other explosive devices) @Обычные военные силы в Европе @ОВСЕ Conventional Forces in Europe (CFE) @ОСВ @ограничение стратегических вооружений SALTДоговор о/переговоры по ОСВ - Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty/Talks@Сокращение стратегических вооружений START (Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty/Talks) @ДНЯО разоружениеTreaty on the Nonproliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT)@ДЗЯИ Договор о всеобъемлющем запрете на ядерные испытания Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty @МБР ICBM (Intercontinental Ballistic Missile) @МБР, оснащенная РГЧMIRVed ICBMсм. разделяющаяся головная часть индивидуального наведения @разделяющаяся головная часть индивидуального наведенияmultiple independently targetable reentry vehicleсм. МБР, оснащенная РГЧ@РСД shorter-range missiles @РМД medium range missiles @ОТРshorter-range missiles@оперативно-тактические ракеты shorter-range missiles @крылатая ракета cruise missiles @забрасываемый вес throw weight @боеголовка warhead @заряд warhead, device @шахта silo @средство доставки delivery system @пусковая установка launcher @теракт act of terrorism @объединенный комитет начальников штаба joint chiefs of staff @операция по поддержанию мира @ОПМ peacekeeping operation (PKO) @коллективные миротворческие силы @КМС collective peacekeeping force (CPKF) @Словарь переводчика-синхрониста (русско-английский) > РАЗОРУЖЕНИЕ
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3 AB
1) Общая лексика: Assembly Bill, (Aurora Borealis) северное сияние2) Компьютерная техника: Application Bulletin3) Авиация: abort4) Морской термин: матрос первого класса (able seaman)5) Медицина: астматический бронхит (сокр. от asthmatic bronchitis), вспомогательное дыхание6) Французский язык: Балканский пакт (Турция, Греция, Югославия) (историч.) (сокр. от Alliance Balkanique)7) Ботаника: Apple Blossom8) Спорт: Air Bike9) Военный термин: Able Bodied, After The Bomb, All Battle, Answer Back, Armor Board, Army Book, Atomic Bomb, acquisition beacon, advisory board, aerial burst, afterbody, air blast, air bomber, airborne, alert building, ambush, ammunition bearer, area bombing, armored brigade, aviation battalion, aviation brigade10) Техника: absorption band, accumulator buffer, acid bath, actinide burning, activate button, address buffer, address bus, air breaker, alabamine, alabamium, anechoic box, annealed in box, antenna supports, audio bandwidth, auto beacon, auxiliary boiler, auxiliary building, avionics bay, continuous automatic transcribed broadcast service11) Химия: Acid Base12) Религия: American Baptist13) Метеорология: Aurora Borealis14) Экономика: Aktiebolag( Swedish: Limited Company on shares)15) Страхование: Able-bodied seaman16) Грубое выражение: Absolute Belligerence, After The Ban, Always Bad, Australian Bitch17) Политика: Abkhazia18) Сокращение: ABle seaman, Abkhazian, Able Rate / Seaman (UK Royal Navy), Adapter Booster, Admiralty Board (UK), Admiralty Board, Afterburner, Air Base (USA), Airborne forces, Aktie Bolag (Company constitution (Finland, Sweden)), Assault Breaker, able-bodies seaman, Air-break, Alberta, about, American Bureau of Shipping (Американское бюро судоходства (классификационное общество)), automated bibliography (библиография, составляемая при помощи ЭВМ), auxiliary breaker (вспомогательный выключатель), abbreviation (сокращение, аббревиатура)19) Текстиль: Adult Baby20) Университет: Accreditation Body, Activities Building, Advanced Business, Alpha Beta21) Физиология: A Or B, Abnormal, Adaptive Behavior, Added Benefit, Antigen Binding, Automatic Behavior22) Хирургия: вспомогательная вентилляция легких23) Электроника: Active Bridge, Amplifier Board, Automatic Balancing24) Нефть: air base25) Иммунология: Aerobic Bacteria26) Биохимия: Alcian Blue27) Космонавтика: база ВВС28) Транспорт: Airframe Bulkhead29) Пищевая промышленность: American Breakfast30) Атомная энергия: ПРК (auxiliary boiler - пуско-резервная котельная)31) Фирменный знак: Amphenol- Borg, Avatars Banners32) СМИ: American Bandstand33) Деловая лексика: Annual Budget34) Сетевые технологии: Accessed By35) Полимеры: acrylonitrile butadiene, allyl bromide36) Автоматика: алкилбензол (Alkyl Benzene)37) Океанография: Asymmetric Balance38) Химическое оружие: Anchor bolt, зарин (усл. обозначение от sarine)39) Военно-морской флот: старшина авиационной боцманской команды [на авианосце] (сокр. от Aviation Boatswain's Mate)40) Безопасность: Apache Benchmark41) Каспий: able body42) Имена и фамилии: Allan Border, Angela Brant, Annie Besant43) Программное обеспечение: Apache Benchmarking, Application Bridge44) Хобби: Antique Brass45) AMEX. Cannon Express, Inc. -
4 Ab
1) Общая лексика: Assembly Bill, (Aurora Borealis) северное сияние2) Компьютерная техника: Application Bulletin3) Авиация: abort4) Морской термин: матрос первого класса (able seaman)5) Медицина: астматический бронхит (сокр. от asthmatic bronchitis), вспомогательное дыхание6) Французский язык: Балканский пакт (Турция, Греция, Югославия) (историч.) (сокр. от Alliance Balkanique)7) Ботаника: Apple Blossom8) Спорт: Air Bike9) Военный термин: Able Bodied, After The Bomb, All Battle, Answer Back, Armor Board, Army Book, Atomic Bomb, acquisition beacon, advisory board, aerial burst, afterbody, air blast, air bomber, airborne, alert building, ambush, ammunition bearer, area bombing, armored brigade, aviation battalion, aviation brigade10) Техника: absorption band, accumulator buffer, acid bath, actinide burning, activate button, address buffer, address bus, air breaker, alabamine, alabamium, anechoic box, annealed in box, antenna supports, audio bandwidth, auto beacon, auxiliary boiler, auxiliary building, avionics bay, continuous automatic transcribed broadcast service11) Химия: Acid Base12) Религия: American Baptist13) Метеорология: Aurora Borealis14) Экономика: Aktiebolag( Swedish: Limited Company on shares)15) Страхование: Able-bodied seaman16) Грубое выражение: Absolute Belligerence, After The Ban, Always Bad, Australian Bitch17) Политика: Abkhazia18) Сокращение: ABle seaman, Abkhazian, Able Rate / Seaman (UK Royal Navy), Adapter Booster, Admiralty Board (UK), Admiralty Board, Afterburner, Air Base (USA), Airborne forces, Aktie Bolag (Company constitution (Finland, Sweden)), Assault Breaker, able-bodies seaman, Air-break, Alberta, about, American Bureau of Shipping (Американское бюро судоходства (классификационное общество)), automated bibliography (библиография, составляемая при помощи ЭВМ), auxiliary breaker (вспомогательный выключатель), abbreviation (сокращение, аббревиатура)19) Текстиль: Adult Baby20) Университет: Accreditation Body, Activities Building, Advanced Business, Alpha Beta21) Физиология: A Or B, Abnormal, Adaptive Behavior, Added Benefit, Antigen Binding, Automatic Behavior22) Хирургия: вспомогательная вентилляция легких23) Электроника: Active Bridge, Amplifier Board, Automatic Balancing24) Нефть: air base25) Иммунология: Aerobic Bacteria26) Биохимия: Alcian Blue27) Космонавтика: база ВВС28) Транспорт: Airframe Bulkhead29) Пищевая промышленность: American Breakfast30) Атомная энергия: ПРК (auxiliary boiler - пуско-резервная котельная)31) Фирменный знак: Amphenol- Borg, Avatars Banners32) СМИ: American Bandstand33) Деловая лексика: Annual Budget34) Сетевые технологии: Accessed By35) Полимеры: acrylonitrile butadiene, allyl bromide36) Автоматика: алкилбензол (Alkyl Benzene)37) Океанография: Asymmetric Balance38) Химическое оружие: Anchor bolt, зарин (усл. обозначение от sarine)39) Военно-морской флот: старшина авиационной боцманской команды [на авианосце] (сокр. от Aviation Boatswain's Mate)40) Безопасность: Apache Benchmark41) Каспий: able body42) Имена и фамилии: Allan Border, Angela Brant, Annie Besant43) Программное обеспечение: Apache Benchmarking, Application Bridge44) Хобби: Antique Brass45) AMEX. Cannon Express, Inc. -
5 TTB
1) Общая лексика: Бюро по налогообложению и торговле алкоголем и табаком (США)2) Военный термин: Take The Bullet, Time To Bomb, Torpedo Tube Battery, tank test-bed, target-triggered burst, threshold test ban3) Техника: teletypewriter buffer4) Шутливое выражение: Tacky Tiara Brigade5) Сокращение: Tank Test-Bed (USA), Tanker / Transport / Bomber, Target Triggered Burst, Transportable Tracking Range6) Фирменный знак: Things That Break7) Деловая лексика: Thompson Total Branding8) Образование: Through The Book9) Американский английский: Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau10) Чат: Techno Talking Babe11) НАСА: Tandem To Booster, Time- Tagged Buffer -
6 ab
1) Общая лексика: Assembly Bill, (Aurora Borealis) северное сияние2) Компьютерная техника: Application Bulletin3) Авиация: abort4) Морской термин: матрос первого класса (able seaman)5) Медицина: астматический бронхит (сокр. от asthmatic bronchitis), вспомогательное дыхание6) Французский язык: Балканский пакт (Турция, Греция, Югославия) (историч.) (сокр. от Alliance Balkanique)7) Ботаника: Apple Blossom8) Спорт: Air Bike9) Военный термин: Able Bodied, After The Bomb, All Battle, Answer Back, Armor Board, Army Book, Atomic Bomb, acquisition beacon, advisory board, aerial burst, afterbody, air blast, air bomber, airborne, alert building, ambush, ammunition bearer, area bombing, armored brigade, aviation battalion, aviation brigade10) Техника: absorption band, accumulator buffer, acid bath, actinide burning, activate button, address buffer, address bus, air breaker, alabamine, alabamium, anechoic box, annealed in box, antenna supports, audio bandwidth, auto beacon, auxiliary boiler, auxiliary building, avionics bay, continuous automatic transcribed broadcast service11) Химия: Acid Base12) Религия: American Baptist13) Метеорология: Aurora Borealis14) Экономика: Aktiebolag( Swedish: Limited Company on shares)15) Страхование: Able-bodied seaman16) Грубое выражение: Absolute Belligerence, After The Ban, Always Bad, Australian Bitch17) Политика: Abkhazia18) Сокращение: ABle seaman, Abkhazian, Able Rate / Seaman (UK Royal Navy), Adapter Booster, Admiralty Board (UK), Admiralty Board, Afterburner, Air Base (USA), Airborne forces, Aktie Bolag (Company constitution (Finland, Sweden)), Assault Breaker, able-bodies seaman, Air-break, Alberta, about, American Bureau of Shipping (Американское бюро судоходства (классификационное общество)), automated bibliography (библиография, составляемая при помощи ЭВМ), auxiliary breaker (вспомогательный выключатель), abbreviation (сокращение, аббревиатура)19) Текстиль: Adult Baby20) Университет: Accreditation Body, Activities Building, Advanced Business, Alpha Beta21) Физиология: A Or B, Abnormal, Adaptive Behavior, Added Benefit, Antigen Binding, Automatic Behavior22) Хирургия: вспомогательная вентилляция легких23) Электроника: Active Bridge, Amplifier Board, Automatic Balancing24) Нефть: air base25) Иммунология: Aerobic Bacteria26) Биохимия: Alcian Blue27) Космонавтика: база ВВС28) Транспорт: Airframe Bulkhead29) Пищевая промышленность: American Breakfast30) Атомная энергия: ПРК (auxiliary boiler - пуско-резервная котельная)31) Фирменный знак: Amphenol- Borg, Avatars Banners32) СМИ: American Bandstand33) Деловая лексика: Annual Budget34) Сетевые технологии: Accessed By35) Полимеры: acrylonitrile butadiene, allyl bromide36) Автоматика: алкилбензол (Alkyl Benzene)37) Океанография: Asymmetric Balance38) Химическое оружие: Anchor bolt, зарин (усл. обозначение от sarine)39) Военно-морской флот: старшина авиационной боцманской команды [на авианосце] (сокр. от Aviation Boatswain's Mate)40) Безопасность: Apache Benchmark41) Каспий: able body42) Имена и фамилии: Allan Border, Angela Brant, Annie Besant43) Программное обеспечение: Apache Benchmarking, Application Bridge44) Хобби: Antique Brass45) AMEX. Cannon Express, Inc.
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